Unit 2 翻译中词义的选择
Unit 2翻译中词义的选择(Diction in Translation)
课时：
2H
教学目的要求：
学生了解汉英翻译实践中恰当选词的重要性，并通过适当的技巧在实践中做到这点，使译文准确、通顺、流利等。
教学重点：
中国文化对汉英翻译的影响及处理，如何使译文准确、通顺。
教学难点：
如何使译文准确、地道。
教学内容：
I.基于汉语词语的特点，如意合词，语境词，笼统词，比喻词等，翻译汉语词语遵循一下基本要求（课本p419-424）：
1）确切：
这个人私贩鸦片。（secretly sell?）This man is a trafficker of opium.他想这样会使工程及时全面展开，从而减少中途停工的可能。He thought this would lessen the chance of the project’s being stopped before it really gotunder way.
2）简洁：
他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。They talked on and on (without stopping.)你们的计划要进行调整。Your plan will have to be adjusted.
3）生动：
他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。After all,he survived the press conference.
公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方便。Buses provide easy access to the Great Wall. (more vid than “provide convenience for…)
II.xx时如何使译文准确：
汉英用词都比较讲究，同时他们之间又有相当的差异，这缘于文化、语言、习惯等，翻译时必须根据实际情况，作出恰当的选择，掌握词的搭配。
1.概说：
1）用词要忠实于原文，不能只凭“大概”，差不多
A.在提及工艺品的发展前景时，于经理说：
---
While speaking of (dwelling on) the prospects for handicraft, Manager Yu said, --B.技术革新受到了鼓励
Technical innovations are urged (encouraged)
C.允许一部分人先富起来
We encourage some people to get rich first.
2）注意汉英词汇广义、侠义、具体意义与抽象意义的不同：
狗把他的手抓了。The dog scratched his hand.
抓住机会grasp the opportunity
抓苗头watch out for the first sign
抓生产attach importance to production
抓住机遇value opportunities
3)不能够字字死译，要考虑英语的含义。
为了多积攒点钱买房子，他们省吃俭用。They live frugally to accumulate more money to buy a house.
* They save food and expenses to ---
无论xx还是下雨，他们明天都得去。
Rain or shine, they will have to go tomorrow.
2．去掉不必要的夸张
1）世界上公认他是最伟大的政治家。（社论）
* H e is everybody’s choice as the world’s greatest statesman.
He is generally acknowledged as the world’s greatest statesman.
2)和这里的人们一样，他也喜欢吃土豆。
* Like all people here, he likes to eat potatoes.
Like most people here, he likes to eat potatoes.
3．用词要注意轻重（always rember to consult the dictionaries or teachers）1)我国的进出口贸易总额有了较大幅度的增长。（sharp）
There has been a big increase in the total volume of imports and exports.
2）我们必须广泛地利用现代科学技术的新成就。
We must utilize the results of modern science and technology on a wide/large scale.3）他们向解放区发动了全面进攻。
They launched an all-out offensive campaign against the liberated areas.
4）合同的基本条款和内容不完善。(*imperfect)
2.用词要具体
1）他是一个土木工程师。
He’s an civil engineer. (not engineer:
sanitary, ming or telephone engineer)2)在火车离开的前几分钟，他阔步走进了火车站。
He walked into the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.
思想：
毛泽东思想Maozedong Thought 解放思想Liberate one’s mind 军事思想military thinking 人民战争思想concept of people’s war III.使译文清楚：
1．名词所有格：
在看到张三的杀人行为时他感到十分震惊。
He was very much shocked at the sight of Zhang San’s killing.*(himself or somebody else)
He was very much shocked at the sight of Zhang San’s killing a person.
2.指代准确
她喜欢这些知识分子。She likes these intellectuals. (not the)
那个挨过烫的孩子怕火。This burnt child dreads fire. (not the burnt child)你看见我那只鹿了吗？
Have you seen my deer?*
Have you seen that deer of mine.
3．该用名词时，不要用代词
母女二人告诉他：
女儿相信这个故事。
The mother and the daughter told him that the daughterbelieved the story. (not she)小王答应他父亲，他永远不抛弃父亲的朋友。Xiao Wang promised his father never to abandon the friends of his father’s.(not abandon his friends)
4．数词的使用：
他的学生们都到同一个村子去了。
*All of his students have gone to one village.
All of his students have gone to the same village.
他们俩有10个苹果。
*Both of them have ten apples.
*Either of them have five apples.
They two share ten apples.
5．形容词的使用
这匹马的肉可以吃了。
The horse was ready to eat.* (The horse could be eaten readily./ The horse could eat grass readily.)
The horse could be eaten.
Exercise for after Class Practice
1)那个小孩闯到马路中间，一个警察赶紧抓住他的手，把他拉到安全的地方。The child ran into the street, but a policeman hurried up to seize him by the arm and pulled him back to safety.
2)那个受惊的小孩紧紧地抓住他母亲的手。The frighted child gripped his mother’s hand.
3)（由于外商投资），我们还可以从税收、劳务等方面得到益处嘛！（《邓选》，373）we benefit from taxes and employment opportunities.
4)世界上公认他是最伟大的政治家。（夸张如何处理）
5)我国的进出口贸易总额有了较大幅度的增长。（注意轻重和范围大小）6)听到他母亲逝世的消息Paul非常悲痛。(注意褒贬)Paul was grieved to learn of his mother’s death.
7)臭名昭著的麦卡锡（McCarthy）终于一命呜呼哉！Notorious Mccarthy did kick the bucket.
8)这位美国作家的汉语水平很高。The ameraican writer has a best mastery of Chinese language.
9)快速阅读中，主要应掌握全文的大意即可。Fast reading you should only get the general idea of the passage.
10)有的人醉心于名利，人生究竟又有什么价值呢？Live by fame and gain,value of life
11)作为企业的总经理，必须全面掌握质量管理和经营方针。Quality control and manage policy
作业：
阅读教材
课后反思：