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外文文献原稿和译文格式

外文文献原稿和译文格式

四、外文文献原稿和译文打印格式

外文文献原稿和译文包括题目、原稿、译文三个部分。

●题目为“外文文献原稿和译文”:之上之下各留一空行,宋体,三号字,居中,加粗

原稿整体格式要尽量保持与原文格式相同,如原稿格式不明确可采用如下格式:

“原稿”:之下留一空行,宋体,小三号字,居中,加粗,“原稿”二字中间空两格;原稿内容:章节题目——新罗马“Times New Roman”字体,四号字,加粗,左对齐;正文——新罗马“Times New Roman”字体,小四号字,段落设置为:固定值,22磅,段前、段后均为0磅。

“译文”:本部分另起一页。之上之下各留一空行。宋体,小三号字,居中,加粗。“译文”二字中间空两格。译文内容:章节题目——章节题目:宋体,四号字,加粗,左对齐;正文——宋体,小四号字。段落设置为:固定值,22磅,段前、段后均为0磅。

●页面设置为:上3.5cm,下2.6cm,左2.7cm,右2.7cm,页眉2.4cm,页脚2cm。

●页眉:“北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文”,宋体,小五号字,居中。

●页脚:插入页码,居中。页码格式为“1,2,3…”

1外文文献翻译原文及译文汇总

华北电力大学科技学院 毕业设计(论文)附件 外文文献翻译 学号:121912020115姓名:彭钰钊 所在系别:动力工程系专业班级:测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师:李冰 原文标题:Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日

红外遥控系统 摘要 红外数据通信技术是目前在世界范围内被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术,被众多的硬件和软件平台所支持。红外收发器产品具有成本低,小型化,传输速率快,点对点安全传输,不受电磁干扰等特点,可以实现信息在不同产品之间快速、方便、安全地交换与传送,在短距离无线传输方面拥有十分明显的优势。红外遥控收发系统的设计在具有很高的实用价值,目前红外收发器产品在可携式产品中的应用潜力很大。全世界约有1亿5千万台设备采用红外技术,在电子产品和工业设备、医疗设备等领域广泛使用。绝大多数笔记本电脑和手机都配置红外收发器接口。随着红外数据传输技术更加成熟、成本下降,红外收发器在短距离通讯领域必将得到更广泛的应用。 本系统的设计目的是用红外线作为传输媒质来传输用户的操作信息并由接收电路解调出原始信号,主要用到编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制与解调,其中编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262,解码芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是:利用编码键盘可以为PT2262提供的输入信息,PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ的载波上并调制红外发射二极管并辐射到空间,然后再由接收系统接收到发射的信号并解调出原始信息,由PT2272对原信号进行解码以驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作要求。 关键字:红外线;编码;解码;LM386;红外收发器。 1 绪论

外文文献及其翻译电子政务信息

外文文献及其翻译电子政务信息 1.政府信息化的含义? 政府信息化是指:政府有效利用现代信息和通信技术,通过不同的信息服务设施,对政府的业务流程、组织结构、人员素质等诸方面进行优化、改造的过程。 2.广义和狭义的电子政务的定义? 广义的电子政务是指:运用信息技术和通信技术实现党委、人大、政协、政府、司法机关、军队系统和企事业单位的行政管理活动。(电子党务、电子人大、电子政协) 狭义的电子政务是指:政府在其管理和服务职能中运用现代信息和通信技术,实现政府组织结构和工作流程的重组优化,超越时间、空间和部门分隔的制约,全方位的向社会提供优质规范、透明的服务,是政府管理手段的变革。 3.电子政务的组成部分? ①:政府部门内部办公职能的电子化和网络化; ②:政府职能部门之间通过计算机网络实现有权限的实时互通的信息共享; ③:政府部门通过网络与公众和企业间开展双向的信息交流与策; 4.理解电子政务的发展动力? ①:信息技术的快速发展; ②:政府自身改革与发展的需要; ③:信息化、民主化的社会需求的推动; 5.电子政务的应用模式?

模式有:1.政府对公务员的电子政务(G2E); 2.政府间的电子政务(G2G); 3.政府对企业的电子政务(G2B); 4.政府对公众的电子政务(G2C); 6.电子政务的功能? ①:提高工作效率,降低办公成本; ②:加快部门整合,堵塞监管漏洞; ③:提高服务水平,便于公众的监督; ④:带动社会信息化发展; 7.我国电子政务发展存在的主要问题? ①:政府公务员与社会公众对电子政务的认识不足; ②:电子政务发展缺乏整体规划和统一性标准; ③:电子政务管理体制改革远未到位; ④:电子政务整体应用水平还较低; ⑤:政府公务员的素质有待提高; ⑥:电子政务立法滞后; ⑦:对电子政务安全问题缺乏正确认识; 8.政府创新的含义和内容? 含义:是指各级政府为适应公共管理与行政环境的需要,与时俱进的转变观念与职能,探索新的行政方法与途径,形成新的组织结

外文文献及翻译

文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to

外文文献翻译——参考格式

广东工业大学华立学院 本科毕业设计(论文) 外文参考文献译文及原文 系部经济学部 专业经济学 年级 2007级 班级名称 07经济学6班 学号 16020706001 学生姓名张瑜琴 指导教师陈锶 2011 年05月

目录 1挑战:小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 (1) 2什么商业银行带给小额贷款和什么把他们留在外 (2) 3 商业银行的四个模型进入小额贷款之内 (4) 3.1内在的单位 (4) 3.2财务子公司 (5) 3.3策略的同盟 (5) 3.4服务公司模型 (6) 4 合法的形式和操作的结构比较 (8) 5 服务的个案研究公司模型:厄瓜多尔和Haiti5 (9)

1 挑战:小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 商业银行已经是逐渐重要的运动员在拉丁美洲中的小额贷款服务的发展2到小额贷款市场是小额贷款的好消息客户因为银行能提供他们一完整类型的财务的服务,包括信用,储蓄和以费用为基础的服务。整体而言,它也对小额贷款重要,因为与他们广泛的身体、财务的和人类。如果商业银行变成重的运动员在小额贷款,他们能提供非常强烈的竞争到传统的小额贷款机构。资源,银行能廉宜地发射而且扩张小额贷款服务rela tively。如果商业广告银行在小额贷款中成为严重的运动员,他们能提出非常强烈的竞争给传统的小额贷款机构。然而,小额贷款社区里面有知觉哪一商业银行进入进入小额贷款将会是短命或浅的。举例来说,有知觉哪一商业银行首先可能不搬进小额贷款因为时候建立小额贷款操作到一个有利润的水平超过银行的标准投资时间地平线。或,在进入小额贷款,银行之后可能移动在-上面藉由增加贷款数量销售取利润最大值-或者更坏的事,退出如果他们是不满意与小额贷款的收益性的水平。这些知觉已经被特性加燃料商业银行的情形进入小额贷款和后来的出口之内。在最极端的,一些开业者已经甚至宣布,”降低尺度死!”而且抛弃了与主意合作的商业银行。 在最 signific 看得到的地方,蚂蚁利益商业银行可能带给小额贷款,国际的ACCION 发展发射而且扩张的和一些商业银行的关系小额贷款操作。在这些情形的大部分方面, ACCION 和它的合伙人正在使用方法,已知的当做服务公司模型,表演早答应当做一个能工作的方法克服真正的。 商业银行的障碍进入和穿越建立长命的小额贷款操作一个商业银行 这论文描述如何服务公司模型、住址商业银行中的主要议题进入进小额贷款,监定成功建立的因素动作井小额贷款服务公司,和礼物结果和小额贷款的课servic e 公司用最长的经验,在海地和审判官席 del 的 SOGEBANK│ SOGESOL 初期结果指出那这服务公司模型表现一重要的突破在促成商业银行进入和留在小额贷款。在厄瓜多尔的 Pichincha│ CREDIFE。初期结果指出服务公司模型在促成商业广告中表现一次重要的突破银行进入而且留在小额贷款。

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院:专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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智能照明系统的外文文献原稿和译文

智能照明系统的外文文献原稿和译文

Introduction Introduction With the continuous development of our economy, rapidly rising living standards, people working and living environment have become increasingly demanding, while the lighting system requirements have become more sophisticated, the traditional lighting technology has been a strong blow. On the one hand because of information technology and computer technology changes in lighting technology, providing technical support; the other hand, due to energy shortage, the state more and more attention on energysaving lighting, new lighting control technology to develop rapidly to meet with By energy conservation, comfort, convenience requirements. Lighting control lighting control from the traditional manual method, automated lighting control to today's intelligent lighting control. Intelligent lighting control system is based on computercontrolled alldigital platform, modular, distributed bus control system, the central processor modules communicate directly through the network bus, the bus makes use of lighting, dimming, blinds, scene control to achieve intelligent, and become a complete bus system. Can be based on changes in the external environment in the device automatically adjust the status of the bus to reach safety, energy conservation, human effects, and can use in the future, in accordance with the requirements of users through the computer Way to increase or modify the system's functionality, without having to relaying of cables, intelligent lighting control system, high reliability, flexible control, lighting control is the traditional way can not be done. The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System components Intelligent lighting control system is usually dimmer module, switch module, input module, the control panel, liquid crystal display touch screen, smart sensors, PC interface, time management module, handheld programmer, monitoring computer (need to bridge a large network connection) and other components composition.

第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)

我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步,第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因,并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流;精益物流战略;价值链联盟;虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来,我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强,在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此,对第三方物流的研究,对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨,并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大,具体表现在以下几个方面: 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发,其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的,尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业,本身的规模就很小,国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候,国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时,国外的物流组织能力非常强大,例如德国一家第三方物流公司,公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家,那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力,而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船,多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面:我国承诺所有的服务行业,在经过合理过渡期后,取消大部分外国股权限制,不限制外国服务供应商进入

英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式

关于毕业设计说明书(论文)英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式 为提高我校毕业生毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)的撰写质量,做到毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)在内容和格式上的统一和规范,特规定如下: 一、装订顺序 论文(设计说明书)英文文献及中文翻译内容一般应由3个部分组成,严格按以下顺序装订。 1、封面 2、中文翻译 3、英文文献(原文) 二、书写格式要求 1、毕业设计(论文)英文文献及中文翻译分毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译和毕业论文英文文献及中文翻译两种,所有出现相关字样之处请根据具体情况选择“毕业设计说明书” 或“毕业论文”字样。 2、毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)英文文献及中文翻译中的中文翻译用Word 软件编辑,英文文献用原文,一律打印在A4幅面白纸上,单面打印。 3、毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)英文文献及中文翻译的上边距:30mm;下边距:25mm;左边距:3Omm;右边距:2Omm;行间距1.5倍行距。 4、中文翻译页眉的文字为“中北大学2019届毕业设计说明书” 或“中北大学××××届毕业论文”,用小四号黑体字,页眉线的上边距为25mm;页脚的下边距为18mm。 5、中文翻译正文用小四号宋体,每章的大标题用小三号黑体,加粗,留出上下间距为:段前0.5行,段后0.5行;二级标题用小四号黑体,加粗;其余小标题用小四号黑体,不加粗。 6、文中的图、表、附注、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字分章编号。如图1.2,表2.3,附注3.2或式4.3。 7、图表应认真设计和绘制,不得徒手勾画。表格与插图中的文字一律用5号宋体。

每一插图和表格应有明确简短的图表名,图名置于图之下,表名置于表之上,图表号与图表名之间空一格。插图和表格应安排在正文中第一次提及该图表的文字的下方。当插图或表格不能安排在该页时,应安排在该页的下一页。 图表居中放置,表尽量采用三线表。每个表应尽量放在一页内,如有困难,要加“续表X.X”字样,并有标题栏。 图、表中若有附注时,附注各项的序号一律用阿拉伯数字加圆括号顺序排,如:注①。附注写在图、表的下方。 文中公式的编号用圆括号括起写在右边行末顶格,其间不加虚线。 8、文中所用的物理量和单位及符号一律采用国家标准,可参见国家标准《量和单位》(GB3100~3102-93)。 9、文中章节编号可参照《中华人民共和国国家标准文献著录总则》。

建筑外文文献及翻译

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(2) w 12… . (3) R 1,2, … (4) Δ ? ? ?others toprojectQ rcer humanresou i k 01 (5) . I t I t . (6) △ I ’s a .( ’t .) (7) (5) t I △ ,( △ ). , – a . (8) (6) (7), I ( = △* △ ). (9) =ηi / * , ηi I ; * I , * =∑=R k ki 1 δ . , . , , . 3.3 , , : = ∑∑==N i i N i Ci 11 ω i i N i i N i c t ??∑∑==1 1 ω (2) ∑∑ ==N i i N i 1 1 ω ) E i R i ki i t - ?? ∑=1 δη i c ? 2F Z 2()i t ? ) E i R i ki i t - ??∑=1 δη (3) () ,(N j i K 3,2,1,=?) (4)

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毕业论文外文文献翻译 院 年级专业: 2009 级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名:学 号:附 件: 备注:(注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可)

1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词); 2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分,第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译,两部分之间用分页符隔开。也就是说,第一外文文献部分结束后,使用分页符,另起一页开始翻译。 3.格式方面,外文文献的格式,除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外,其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。中文翻译的格式,跟中文论文的格式一样。 (注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.) 范文如下:注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除. 【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on

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