中考英语形容词与副词考点整理

形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。

（错）He is an ill man.

（对）The man is ill.

（错）She is an afraid girl.

（对）The girl is afraid.

这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：

something nice

副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

一、副词的位置：

1）在动词之前。

2）在be动词、助动词之后。

3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

注意：

a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。

We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。

He speaks English well.

二、副词的排列顺序：

1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。

Please write slowly and carefully.

3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

改错：(错)I very like English.

(对)I like English very much.

注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for everyone to eat.

There is food enough for everyone to eat.

兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

以-ly结尾的形容词

1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

改错：(错） She sang lovely.

（错） He spoke to me very friendly.

（对） Her singing was lovely.

（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法原级比较级最高级

一般单音节词tall(高的) taller tallest

未尾加-er-est great(巨大的)greater greatest

以不发音的e结尾nice(好的) nicer nicest

的单音词和少数 large(大的)larger largest

以- le结尾的双able（有能力的) abler ablest

音节词只加-r-st

以一个辅音字母big(大的) bigger biggest

结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotter hottest

音节词，双写结

尾的辅音字母，

再加-er，-est

"以辅音字母+y"easy(容易的)easier easiest

结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)busier busiest

改y为i，再加

-er，-est

少数以-er，-ow clever(聪明的)cleverer cleverest

结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest

未尾加-er，-est

其他双音节词和important(重要的)

多音节词，在前more important

面加more，most most important

来构成比较级和easily(容易地)

最高级。more easily

most easily

2) 不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good(好的)/better best

well(健康的)

bad (坏的)/ worse worst

ill(有病的)

old (老的)older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many(多的) more most

little(少的)less least

far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest

比较级形容词或副词 + than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意：

1）要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is clever than his brother.

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。

比较：Which is large Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

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