2014考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

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1、In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search”scheme. 为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣George Osborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。

1.1 dependency英/d?'pend(?)ns?/ 美/d?'p?nd?nsi/n. 属国；从属；从属物

1.2 chancellor英/'t?ɑ?ns(?)l?/ 美/'t??ns?l?/n. 总理（德、奥等的）；（英）大臣；校长（美国某些大学的）；（英）大法官；（美）首席法官

1.3 exchequer英/?ks't?ek?; eks-/ 美/?ks't??k?/n. 财源；国库；财政部

2、Only if the jobless arrive at the job center with a CV（Curriculum Vitae）, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有简历--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。还有什么能比这个更合理？

2.1 curriculum英/k?'r?kj?l?m/ 美/k?'r?kj?l?m/n. 课程，总课程

2.2 vitae英/'vi?ta?/ 美/?vita?/n. 个人简历；血液（vita的复数形式）

2.3 eligible英/'el?d??b(?)l/ 美/'?l?d??bl/n. 合格者；适任者；有资格者adj. 合格的，合适的；符合条件的；有资格当选的

2.4 fortnightly英/'f??tna?tl?/ 美/'f?rtna?tli/n. 双周刊adj. 隔周发行的；每两周的adv. 隔周地；每两星期一次地

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1、More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker`s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. 下面是更明显的合理性。下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。”

2、“We`re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into w ork faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. 他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。”帮助？真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。

2.1 indulgent英/?n'd?ld?(?)nt/ 美/?n'd?ld??nt/adj. 放纵的；宽容的；任性的

2.2 subsidize英/?s?bs?da?z/ 美/'s?bs?'da?z/vt. 资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿

3、What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. 我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。

3.1 zeal英/zi?l/ 美/zil/n. 热情；热心；热诚

3.2 claimant英/'kle?m(?)nt/ 美/'klem?nt/n. 原告；[贸易] 索赔人；提出要求者

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1、Losing a job is hurting: You don`t skip down to the job center with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. 失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。

1.1 hurting v. 伤害；伤心；弄痛（hurt的ing形式）adj. 受伤害的；受损的

2、It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. 失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。

2.1 extraordinarily英/?k'str??d(?)n(?)r?l?/ 美/?k'str?d?n(?)r?l?/adv. 非常；格外地；非凡地

3、You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. 你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。

3.1 exclude英/?k'sklu?d; ek-/ 美/?k'skl?d/vt. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出excluded adj. 排除的

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1、But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. 但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。

1.1 instinct英/'?nst??(k)t/ 美/'?nst??kt/n. 本能，直觉；天性adj. 充满着的

1.2 permanent英/'p??m(?)n?nt/ 美/'p?m?n?nt/n. 烫发（等于permanent wave）adj. 永久的，永恒的；不变的

1.3 indulge英/?n'd?ld?/ 美/?n'd?ld?/vi. 沉溺；满足；放任vt. 满足；纵容；使高兴；使沉迷于…

1.4 falsehood英/'f??lsh?d; 'f?ls-/ 美/'f?lsh?d/n. 说谎；假话；不真实；错误的信仰

2、It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. 这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。

2.1 as though好像；仿佛tougher较坚强的,较艰苦的（tough的比较级）

2.2 welfare英/'welfe?/ 美/'w?l'f?r/n. 福利；幸福；福利事业；安宁adj. 福利的；接受社会救济的

2.3 unconditional英/?nk?n'd??(?)n(?)l/ 美/,?nk?n'd???nl/adj. 无条件的；绝对的；无限制的

3、Even the very phrase “jobseeker`s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. 即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。

3.1 redefine 英/ri?d?'fa?n/ 美/,rid?'fa?n/vt. 重新定义

4、Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”，条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。

4.1 instead英/?n'sted/ 美/?n'st?d/adv. 代替；反而

4.2 entitlement英/?n'ta?t(?)lm?nt/ 美/?n'ta?tlm?nt/n. 权利；津贴

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1、All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. 世界各地，律师比其他职业的人得到更多的不友好的眼光——记者除外。

1.1 hostility英/h?'st?l?t?/ 美/hɑ'st?l?ti/n. 敌意；战争行动

2、But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. 但是，世界上很少有国家像美国那样委托人有会如此多的抱怨。

2.1 client英/'kla??nt/ 美/'kla??nt/n. [经] 客户；顾客；委托人

2.2 ground英/gra?nd/ 美/ɡra?nd/n. 地面；土地；范围；战场;根据v. 研磨（grind的过去分词）；压迫adj. 土地的；地面上的；磨碎的；磨过的vt. 使接触地面；打基础；使搁浅vi. 着陆；搁浅

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1、During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. 在经济危机前的十年里，法律服务的花费的增长速度是通货膨胀速度的两倍。

1.1 inflation英/?n'fle??(?)n/ 美/?n'fle??n/n. 膨胀；通货膨胀；夸张；自命不凡

2、The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.最好的律师赚了能填满摩天大楼的钱，吸引更多的学生扎堆进入法律学校。但是大多数的法律毕业生从没得到大公司的工作。

2.1 skyscraper英/'ska?skre?p?/ 美/'ska?'skrep?/n. 摩天楼，超高层大楼；特别高的东西

2.2 pile英/pa?l/ 美/pa?l/n. 堆；大量；建筑群vt. 累积；打桩于vi. 挤；堆积；积累

3、Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. 他们中的很多成为一种让人讨厌的诉讼文员，使侵权系统变为花费昂贵的恶梦。

3.1 nuisance英/'nju?s(?)ns/ 美/'nusns/n. 讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；讨厌的东西

3.2 lawsuit英/'l??su?t; -sju?t/ 美/'l?sut/n. 诉讼（尤指非刑事案件）；诉讼案件

3.3 filer英/'fail?/ 美/'fail?/n. 锉磨工人；文件编档员；文件装钉员

3.4 tort英/t??t/ 美/t?rt/n. 侵权行为

3.5 costly英/'k?s(t)l?/ 美/'k?stli/adj. 昂贵的；代价高的

3.6 nightmare英/'na?tme?/ 美/'na?t'm?r/n. 恶梦；梦魇般的经历adj. 可怕的；噩梦似的Paragraph 3

1、There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. 对此是有很多原因的。其中一个是法律教育的过高的成本。

1.1 excessive英/?k?ses?v/ 美/?k?s?s?v/adj. 过多的，极度的；过分的

2、There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. 在美国大多数州的律师来说只有一条路可以选择：一个四年的与法律无关的本科学历，然后是在200个法律学校中的一个得到三年的法律证书，这些学校是被美国法律协会授权的，并且在进入之前还要通过一个昂贵的预备考试。

2.1 bar英/bɑ?/ 美/bɑr/n. 条，棒；酒吧；障碍prep. 除……外vt. 禁止；阻拦

2.2 American Bar Association美国律师协会

3、This leaves today`s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard. 这为当今的法律学校的每个学生带来一个平均为10万美元的债务，这是所有专业大学生中最高的债务。法律学校的债务意味着其许多的学生不能进入政府和非营利性组织工作，因此他们不得不极度努力地工作。

3.1 fearsome英/'f??s(?)m/ 美/'f?rs?m/adj. 可怕的；害怕的；极大的

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1、Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. 改革这个体系将会对律师及其委托人都有好处。明智的想法已经存在一段时间了，但是在国家层面上会体现出，控制这个专业太过守旧，以至于无法实行。

1.1 sensible英/'sens?b(?)l/ 美/'s?ns?bl/n. 可感觉到的东西；敏感的人adj. 明智的；明显的；意识到的；通晓事理的

2、One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. 一个观点是允许大学生学习法律作为本科文凭。还有一个是在法律学校学习两年后就允许其参加法庭。

3、If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. 如果这法律考试对于那些准律师来说是足够严厉的话，那些可以提前参加考试的人就该被允许那样做。那些不需要额外训练的学生就可以减少其三分之一的债务。

3.1 stern英/st??n/ 美/st?n/n. 船尾；末端adj. 严厉的；坚定的

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1、The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. 花费如此高的另一个原因就是商业的限制性的所有制结构。

1.1 restrictive英/r?'str?kt?v/ 美/r?'str?kt?v/n. 限制词adj. 限制的；限制性的；约束的

1.2 guild英/g?ld/ 美/ɡ?ld/n. 协会，行会；同业公会

2、Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. 除了哥伦比亚区，非律师可能不被允许持有法律公司的股份。这使得佣金居高不下，而且革新非常缓慢。

2.1 district英/'d?str?kt/ 美/'d?str?kt/n. 区域；地方；行政区

3、There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulator s insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolate s lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. 在业内进行改革是有压力的，但是监管者中的改革反对者坚持认为禁止外部人员进入法律公司将律师从赚钱的压力中隔离出来，并且能在道德上为顾客服务。

3.1 opponent英/?'p??n?nt/ 美/?'pon?nt/n. 对手；反对者；敌手adj. 对立的；敌对的

3.2 regulator英/'regj?le?t?/ 美/'r?ɡjulet?/n. 调整者；监管者；校准器

3.3 isolate英/'a?s?le?t/ 美/a?sl?et/n. [生物] 隔离种群vt. 使隔离；使孤立；使绝缘adj. 隔离的；孤立的vi. 隔离；孤立

3.4 ethically英/'eθikli/ 美/'?θ?kli/adv. 伦理上

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1、In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms` efficiency. 实际上，允许非律师持有法律公司的股份能够减少成本并提升对客户的服务，具体可以通过鼓励法律公司运用科技，雇佣职业管理者重点提升公司的效率。

1.1 efficiency英/?'f??(?)ns?/ 美/??f???ns?/n. 效率；效能；功效

2、After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 毕竟，澳大利亚和英国等国已经自由化了它们的法律行业。美国也应紧随其后。

2.1 liberalize英/'lib?r?laiz/ 美/'l?br?la?z/vt. 使自由化；宽大vi. 自由化

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1、The US $ 3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year`s award in March. 美国的这个300万的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验，当Alexander Polyakov在今年领奖的时候如此说道。

1.1 physics英/'f?z?ks/ 美/'f?z?ks/n. 物理学；物理现象

2、And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.而这样奖项不仅仅只有一种。科学杂志的一篇新闻特辑这样评论，近些年来，颁发给研究者的一系列的合算的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的阵营。

2.1 string英/str??/ 美/str??/ n. 线，弦，细绳；一串，一行 a string of一系列，一串

2.2 lucrative英/'lu?kr?t?v/ 美/'lukr?t?v/adj. 有利可图的，赚钱的；合算的

3、Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactor s have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. 许多像基础物理学奖这样的奖项是有网络巨头建立的，他们庞大的银行账户就是这些奖项的保证。科学杂志说，这些捐助者在他们自己的领域里取得了成功，他们想用自己的财富吸引公众对那些在科学领域有成就的人的注意力。

3.1 entrepreneur英/??ntr?pr??n??(r)/ 美/?ɑntr?pr??n?/n. 企业家；承包人；主办者

3.2 benefactor英/'ben?f?kt?/ 美/'b?n?f?kt?/n. 恩人；捐助者；施主

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1、What`s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. 这有什么是让人不喜欢的呢？根据新闻特辑里引证的少数科学家来看，确实有许多让人不能欣赏的地方。

1.1 quote英/kw??t/ 美/kwot/n. 引用vi. 报价；引用；引证vt. 报价；引述；举证

1.2 handful英/'h?n(d)f?l; -f(?)l/ 美/'h?nd,f?l/n. 少数；一把；棘手事

2、You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. 就像谚语所说的：等级是买不到的，那些有钱的企业家给他们的奖项买不到诺贝尔奖的威望。科学家们说，这些新的奖项是它们背后创办者实施的一种自我推销。T

2.1 upstart英/'?pstɑ?t/ 美/'?pstɑrt/n. 暴发户；自命不凡的人；傲慢自负的人adj. 暴富的；自命不凡的vt. 使…突然跳起；使…崛起vi. 突然跳起；崛起

2.2 prestige英/pre'sti?(d)?/ 美/pr?'stid?/n. 威望，声望；声誉adj. 令人敬仰的；受尊重的；贵重的

2.3 promotion英/pr?'m???n/ 美/pr?'mo??n/n. 提升，[劳经] 晋升；推销，促销；促进；发扬，振兴

3、They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. 这些奖项可能会扭曲以成就为基础的同业审查指引研究工作系统。这巩固了同业审查研究的现状。他们并没有资助同业审查研究。他们使孤独天才的神话长存。

3.1 distort英/d?'st??t/ 美/d?'st?rt/vt. 扭曲；使失真；曲解vi. 扭曲；变形

3.2 cement英/s?'ment/ 美/s?'m?nt/n. 水泥；接合剂vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi. 粘牢

3.3 quo英/'kw??/ 美/kwo/vt. 说quo of ……的现状

3.4 perpetuate英/p?'pet??e?t; -tj?-/ 美/p?'p?t?uet/vt. 使不朽；保持adj. 长存的Paragraph 3

1、The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. 这些奖项的发放者的目标像对他们的评论一样分散。

1.1 scattered英/'sk?t?d/ 美/'sk?t?d/adj. 分散的；散乱的

2、Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research. 有的是想引起震惊，有的是想将人们的注意力引导科学上，或者是想要更好地奖励那些投入科研事业的人。

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1、As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. 就像科学杂志之前指出的，应该对新旧奖项如何发放有的合理关注。近年来为生命科学方面设立的突破奖，对生命科学包括什么持有的观点是不具代表性的。

1.1 legitimate英/l?'d??t?m?t/ 美/l??d??t?m?t/adj. 合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的vt. 使合法；认为正当（等于legitimize）

1.2 unrepresentative英/,?nrepr?'zent?t?v/ 美/,?n,r?pr?'z?nt?t?v/adj. 非代表性的，不典型的

2、But the Nobel Foundation`s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrate d by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. 而对于诺贝尔奖，他们的基金设立的每个奖项最多三个获奖者的限制——获奖者必须还活着——已经无法容纳因研究的合作性质导致的增长的人数，有这样一个事例可以说明问题：在确定希格斯玻色子的发现的贡献时，要忽略谁——这是一个无法避免的争论。

2.1 recipient英/r?'s?p??nt/ 美/r?'s?p??nt/n. 容器，接受者；容纳者adj. 容易接受的，感受性强的

2.2 collaborative英/k?'l?b?r?tiv/ 美/k?'l?b?ret?v/adj. 合作的，协作的

2.3 demonstrate英/'dem?nstre?t/ 美/'d?m?n'stret/vt. 证明；展示；论证vi. 示威

2.4 inevitable英/?n'ev?t?b(?)l/ 美/?n'?v?t?bl/adj. 必然的，不可避免的

2.5 row英/r??/ 美/ro/n. 行，排；划船；街道；吵闹vt. 划船；使……成排vi. 划船；争吵

3、The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. 当然像诺贝尔一类的奖是由富有的个人建立的，他们自己决定如何使用自己钱。是时间而不是建立者的意愿让这些奖项合理。

3.1 intention英/?n'ten?(?)n/ 美/?n't?n??n/n. 意图；目的；意向；愈合

3.2 legitimacy英/l?'d??t?m?s?/ 美/l?'d??t?m?si/n. 合法；合理；正统

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1、As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. 随着越来越多的科学家对新的奖项有说辞，有两件事变得清晰。

2、First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers` money to do with as they please. 第一，大多数研究者在被授予这样一个奖项时，他们是愿意接受的。第二，资金和注意力流向科学而不是其他地方确实是一件好事。批评和质疑这些机制并没有什么不对——毕竟这是研究领域的一种习俗——但是要知道这是奖项设立者自己出钱的，而且他们是乐意这样做的。

2.1 mechanism英/'mek(?)n?z(?)m/ 美/'m?k?n?z?m/n. 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装臵；技巧

3、It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 聪明的做法就是以感激之心和荣誉之情接受这样的奖项。

3.1 grace英/gre?s/ 美/ɡres/n. 优雅；恩惠；魅力；慈悲vt. 使优美

2014 Text 4

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1、“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. 美国艺术与科学研究院（AAAS）最近发布的报告“问题之核心”肯定了人文学科和社会科学对于美国自由民主政治繁荣和安全的重要性，值得被表扬。

1.1 released英/r?'li:st/ 美/r?'li:st/v. 释放（release的过去式）；已发布

1.2 affirm英/?'f??m/ 美/?'f?m/vt. 肯定；断言vi. 确认；断言

2、Regrettably, however, the report`s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. 但是遗憾的是，这篇报告并没有指出普通教育所面临危机的真正性质，这导致的危害会大于其带来的益处。

2.1 regrettably英/ri'ɡret?bli/ 美/ri'ɡret?bli/adv. 遗憾地；抱歉地；可悲地

2.2 address英/?'dres/ 美/??dr?s;(for n)??dres; ?dr?s/n. 地址；演讲；致辞；说话的技巧；称呼vt. 演说；从事；忙于；写姓名地址；向…致辞；与…说话；提出；处理

2.3 liberal英/'l?b(?)r(?)l/ 美/'l?b?r?l/n. 自由主义者adj. 自由主义的；慷慨的；不拘泥的；宽大的liberal education文科教育,通识教育,博雅教育,自由教育

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1、In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” 在2010年，领导的国会民主党和共和党寄给AAAS一封信，询问那些确定可以由“联邦，州和地区政府，大学，基金，教育者，个人捐献者和其他人”承担的，“保持国家在人文科学，社会科学的学问和教育方面的优秀特质”的行动。

1.1 congressional英/k?n'ɡre??n?l/ 美/k?n'ɡr???nl/adj. 国会的；会议的；议会的

1.2 emocrat英/'dem?kr?t/ 美/'d?m?kr?t/n. 民主党人；民主主义者；民主政体论者

1.3 Republican英/ri'p?blik?n/ 美/ri'p?blik?n/n. 共和党人adj. 共和党的,共和的

1.4 identify英/a?'dent?fa?/ 美/a?'d?nt?fa?/vt. 确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同；一致

2、In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. 作为回应，美国研究院建立了一个关于人文和社会科学的委员会。

3、Among the commission`s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. 委员会的这51个成员中有一流大学的校长，学者，律师，法官以及商业经理人，同时还有外交界的主要人物，电影制片人，音乐家和记者。

3.1 tier英/t??/ 美/t?r/n. 层，排；行，列；等级vt. 使层叠vi. 成递升排列

3.2 prominent英/'pr?m?n?nt/ 美/'prɑm?n?nt/adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的

3.3 diplomacy英/d?'pl??m?s?/ 美/d?'plom?si/n. 外交；外交手腕；交际手段

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1、The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presuppose s an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. 这份报告所确立的目标是值得称赞的。因为代议政府以市民的消息灵通为前提，报告支持完全地读写能力；强调对历史和政体的学习，尤其是美国历史和美国政体；而且鼓励对新的数字技术的应用。

1.1 representative英/repr?'zent?t?v/ 美/'r?pr?'z?nt?t?v/n. 代表；典型；众议员adj. 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的

1.2 presuppose英/pri?s?'p??z/ 美/,pris?'poz/vt. 假定；预料；以…为先决条件

1.3 literacy英/'l?t(?)r?s?/ 美/'l?t?r?si/n. 读写能力；精通文学

2、To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students` ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.为了鼓励创新和提升竞争，这份报告提倡增加对研究的投资，要求清晰的能

提升学生在21世纪的问题解决能力和沟通效率这些技能的课程，号召提高对教师的经费支持并鼓励学者们将他们的研究瞄准当今世界上的重要挑战。

2.1 craft英/krɑ?ft/ 美/kr?ft/n. 工艺；手艺；太空船vt. 精巧地制作crafting n. 工艺；手工艺

2.2 coherent英/k?(?)'h??r(?)nt/ 美/ko'h?r?nt/adj. 连贯的，一致的；明了的；清晰的；凝聚性的；互相耦合的；粘在一起的curriculum英/k?'r?kj?l?m/ 美/k?'r?kj?l?m/n. 课程

2.3 curricula英/k?'r?kj?l?/ 美/k?'r?kj?l?/n. 课程（curriculum的复数形式）

2.4 scholar英/'sk?l?/ 美/'skɑl?/n. 学者；奖学金获得者

2.5 bear英/be?/ 美/b?r/n. 熊vt. 结果实，开花（正式）vt. 忍受；承受；具有；支撑

3、The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. 这个报告还提倡加强对外语，外国事务的学习，同时扩张对外国项目的学习。

3.1 expansion英/?k'sp?n?(?)n; ek-/ 美/?k'sp?n??n/n. 膨胀；阐述；扩张物

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1、Unfortunately, despite two and a half years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. 不幸的是，尽管已经实施了两年半，而“问题之核心”从来没抓住问题的核心：我们主要的大学的通识教育是狭隘的本性。

1.1 illiberal英/?'l?b(?)r(?)l/ 美/?'l?b?r?l/adj. 偏执的；吝啬的；粗鄙的；狭隘的；缺乏文化素养的

2、The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don`t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. 委员会忽略了事实的，在过去的几十年里，美国的学院和大学并没有真正教给学生通识教育的内容和特性，所以他们也无法从中得到好处。

2.1 deprive英/d?'pra?v/ 美/d?'pra?v/vt. 使丧失，剥夺deprived英/d?'pra?vd/ 美/d?'pra?vd/adj. 缺少食物的；缺乏足够教育的

3、Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda. 可悲的是，探寻的精神已经清楚的知道，校园已经被人文科学和社会科学的实用所代替，成为了发表“进步”的机器，或者是左翼的宣传基地。

3.1 inquiry英/?n'kwa?r?/ 美/?n'kwa?ri/n. 探究；调查；质询

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1、Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portray ing conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. 当今，教授还是那老一套，将先进的历史解释和公众政治视为研究的主要科目，而将保守的，经典的通识教育知识——比如，自由市场，自立精神——排除在他们的日常工作中，甚至有的是不在法律要求之中，不在知识调查研究之中。

1.1 routinely英/ru:'ti:nli/ 美/r?'tinli/adv. 例行公事地；老一套地

1.2 progressive英/pr?'gres?v/ 美/pr?'ɡr?s?v/n. 改革论者；进步分子adj. 进步的；先进的

1.3 interpretation英/?nt??pr?'te??(?)n/ 美/?n't?pr?'te??n/n. 解释；翻译；演出

1.4 portray英/p??'tre?/ 美/p?r'tre/vt. 描绘；扮演

1.5 conservative英/k?n's??v?t?v/ 美/k?n's?v?t?v/n. 保守派，守旧者adj. 保守的

1.6 reliance英/r?'la??ns/ 美/r?'la??ns/n. 信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物

1.7 boundary英/'ba?nd(?)r?/ 美/'ba?ndri/n. 边界；范围；分界线

1.8 routine英/ru?'ti?n/ 美/r?'tin/n. [计] 程序；日常工作；例行公事adj. 日常的；例行的Paragraph 6

1、The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. AAAS对通识教育表现出极高的热情。然而这篇报道可能会推迟这项改革，国会要求他们表明的挑战的深度和广度被遮蔽了。

1.1 enthusiasm英/?n?θju:z??z?m/ 美/?n'θuz??z?m/n. 热心，热忱，热情

1.2 obscure英/?b'skj??/ 美/?b'skj?r/adj. 昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的vt. 使…模糊不清，掩盖；隐藏；使难理解n. 某种模糊的或不清楚的东西

1.3 breadth英/bredθ; -t-/ 美/br?dθ/n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏depth and breadth深度和广度

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语

2014年6月六级翻译真题答案及解析

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2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

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