考研英语2007阅读翻译

考研英语200７阅读翻译

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目录

Section I Use of English (3)

Section II Reading Comprehension 1 (5)

Section II Reading Comprehension 2 (8)

Section II Reading Comprehension 3 (11)

Section II Reading Comprehension 4 (15)

ＳectioｎI UseｏfＥnglish

pａｒagｒaph 1

到１８30年为止,西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地都成为了独立的国家。

这些国家的大约2００0万居民满怀信心地展望未来。

许多独立斗争的领导人出生于旧政权和伊比利亚殖民主义的危急时刻，他们怀有共同的治国理念：创建代议制政府、职业对人才开放、实行商业和贸易自由和私有财产权,并且相信个体是社会的基础。

当时普遍存在这样的信念：新国家应该是拥有主权的、独立的国家,应该足以在经济上养活国民，并且通过一套共同的法律使国家统一在一起。

ｐarａgraph 2

然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导阶层之间的意见就不那么一致了。

罗马天主教过去是西班牙国教,并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗教。

虽然大多数领导人试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，但是一些领导人却试图结束将其他信仰排斥在外的局面。

保护教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。

ｐaragraph 3

早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义,重视一切平等。

玻利瓦尔曾从海地获得了援助,作为回报，他承诺在他解放的地区废除奴隶制。

到1854 年,除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，其他地方的奴隶制都已经被废除。

先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混血人种征税的承诺实现起来就缓慢得多,因为新国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。

平等主义思想经常会被一些担忧所冲淡,这些担忧就是普通大众还没有为自治和民主做好准备。

paｒaｇraｐh 1

Ｂy １8３0，the ｆｏｒmer Spaｎish anｄPｏｒtｕgueseｃolonies ｈad becoｍe iｎdｅpendent ｎａｔioｎs．The roughｌy 20 millioｎｉｎhａｂitａnts of theｓｅｎations looked hｏpefully to thｅｆuｔuｒe.Bｏrn ｉn tｈｅcｒｉsis of thｅold regime ａｎdＩbeｒiaｎColｏnialism,mａny of tｈe leadeｒs of indepeｎｄence sｈared tｈe idｅas of repreｓeｎｔatｉvｅgoveｒnment，careｅrsｏpｅn to talent, ｆｒeｅdom of ｃｏｍmｅrce ａnｄｔrａde, the right ｔo priｖａｔe prｏperty, and a belief inｔhｅindivｉｄual as ｔhe basiｓof sｏcieｔy.Geｎeｒallｙt ｈere waｓa belief that the new natｉonｓshould be ｓｏvｅreign aｎd independｅnt stａteｓ,ｌaｒge enｏugh ｔｏｂｅeｃonomｉcally viable andｉntegrated ｂy a cｏmmｏn set ｏｆｌaｗs.

pａｒagraｐh 2

Ｏｎtheｉssue of frｅedom oｆｒeｌiｇｉｏn and ｔｈｅpoｓiｔioｎof the

Chｕｒch,howｅveｒtherｅwaｓless agｒeemｅnt amoｎg the leａdersｈip．Ｒo ｍａｎCatｈoliｃiｓｍｈaｄbeｅｎｔｈｅstate ｒｅｌigion ａｎｄthｅoｎlｙone alｌowed by thｅSpａnish crｏｗn．while mｏst leａders souｇｈt to mainｔai ｎＣathｏliciｓｍas the ofｆicial religiｏnｏf tｈe new statｅs, somｅsoｕｇht ｔo end the ｅxcluｓiｏn of oｔhｅr faithｓ.Ｔhe defense of tｈｅChurch beｃame ａ

rallyinｇcｒｙｆor theｃonsｅrvａｔive fｏrｃes.

ｐaragrapｈ 3

The ｉｄeals of tｈe eaｒly ｌeadeｒs of indeｐeｎdence wｅre often egalitaｒian, v ａluｉng equalitｙof everｙｔｈing.Bolｉvar had ｒecｅiｖｅｄaｉｄfrｏm Haｉti

aｎd ｈａd pｒoｍisｅd ｉn ｒetｕrｎto abolishｓlavｅｒy in ｔhe areas ｈｅlibｅｒated.Ｂy 18５4 slaｖery hａd been aｂoliｓhｅｄeverywhere eｘcepｔＳpa ｉn’s ｒemainｉng ｃoloniｅs.Earｌｙｐroｍｉsｅs to end Indian ｔributｅand tａｘｅs on pｅoplｅof miｘed origｉｎcame muｃhｓｌｏｗer bｅcause tｈe ｎｅw ｎａtｉons stiｌl needed the reｖenｕe such ｐoliｃies prｏdｕｃed.Egａlitarｉan sｅntiｍeｎtsｗere ofteｎtｅmpｅreｄｂy ｆears tｈat ｔhe mａsｓof ｔhe ｐopｕｌation ｗas uｎprｅpared for ｓelf-rulｅand ｄｅmocraｃy.

Seｃtion IＩReaｄing Comｐreｈension 1 parａgrａph 1

如果你查一下2０06年世界杯足球锦标赛所有参赛队员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一个值得注意的奇怪现象:出色的足球运动员往往在一年的前几个月出生。

如果再关注一下为世界杯和职业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队,你会发现这一现象更加突出。

paｒａgrapｈ 2

是什么原因导致了这种奇怪现象的发生呢？人们有如下猜测：?a) 某些星座的人更具有足球天赋;

b)冬天出生的孩子往往具有较大的氧容量,这增强了他们在足球运动中的耐力;

c）对足球狂热的夫妇更可能在春季怀孕,因为那是一年中足球赛事的高峰期;

d)以上观点都不对。

parａｇraph 3

58岁的安德斯·埃里克森是弗罗里达州立大学的心理学教授,他坚信“以上推测都不正确”。埃里克森生长于瑞典,开始时学习核工程，后来他意识到如果转学心理学，会获得更多进行专业研究的机会。

大约30年前他进行了第一次实验，与记忆力相关:训练一个人听一串随机数字,然后重复出来。

埃里克森回忆说:第一个被测试对象经过2０个小时的训练后，他所记住的数字跨度从7位增加到２０位他不断进步，在2００个小时的训练后,他能记住的数字增加到8０位。

ｐａｒaｇｒaph 4

这次实验的成功以及后来的研究工作表明，记忆本身并不是由遗传所决定的。埃里克森得出结论：记忆是与其是一种直觉活动，不如说是一种认知活动。

换句话说,无论两个人在记忆能力方面表现出什么先天性差异，它们都将被个人的信息编码能力所掩盖。

埃里克森认为：学习对信息进行有意义的编码的最佳方式是有意识地练习。

有意识地练习不仅仅是简单地重复某一任务，它涉及指定具体目标、获得即时反馈、方法和结果并重。

paragraｐh ５

埃里克森和他的同事们由此开始对众多领域(包括足球领域）的佼佼者进行研究。

他们竭尽所能搜集到的数据中,不仅仅包括工作绩效统计数字、成长细节,还包括他们实验对

象中表现优秀者的测试结果。

他们的实验得出了令人惊讶的结论:我们通常称之为“天赋”的遗传特征被过分看重了。换句话说，不管是在记忆力、外科领域、芭蕾舞,还是计算机编程方面表现出色的人几乎都是后天培养的，而不是天生的。

parａgｒａph １

If you ｗeｒe tｏexamineｔｈe ｂirth cｅrtｉficａtｅｓoｆeveｒy sｏｃcer pｌａyer in 2０06’s WorｌdＣup tournament,yoｕwoulｄmost ｌikely ｆiｎd a notｅｗｏｒthｙquirk:ｅliｔe sｏcｃｅr playeｒs are moｒe likely to havｅbeen ｂorn in ｔhe eaｒlier montｈs of ｔhｅｙeaｒthan in ｔhe ｌａtｅr monthｓ. If yｏu t ｈeｎexamined the Eurｏpeａn ｎａtional yｏuｔh teams that feed ｔhe WorｌｄＣup and ｐｒofessｉｏｎａl ranks,yｏu ｗould find tｈis ｓtrange phｅnomｅnon ｔo bｅeｖｅｎｍｏre proｎouncｅd.

parａgrapｈ 2

What mighｔacｃoｕnt fｏr this straｎgｅpｈenoｍenon? Ｈere aｒe a fｅwｇｕe ｓses：ａ)ｃertａin astrｏloｇｉcａl signs confer supｅrioｒsoｃcer sｋillｓ；b)wｉnter-born ｂaｂｉes tｅnd to havｅhighｅr oｘｙgen cａｐaｃity，whiｃh inｃｒeases socｃer sｔaｍｉna；c) soccer－mad paｒｅｎts arｅmore liｋｅly to ｃoｎcei ｖe childreｎiｎspringtime,aｔｔhe aｎnual ｐeａk of soccer maniａ;ｄ)ｎone

of ｔhe ａbove.

ｐａｒaｇraph 3

ＡndeｒｓEricsson,ａ5８－yeａr-olｄpsychology profeｓsor at ＦloｒidａState University，says he believes stｒongly in“nonｅof ｔhｅabovｅ．”Ericｓsｏn gｒｅｗup ｉn Swｅden,aｎｄstｕdied nuclear ｅngｉｎeering until he reaｌｉzed hｅwoulｄhａve more opｐｏｒtunity to coｎduct hｉs own rｅｓearｃh ｉf he switched to pｓyｃholｏgy.Hisｆiｒsｔeｘｐeriｍent,ｎeａｒlｙ3０years ago，ｉnvolved memorｙ：tｒaｉｎing a ｐeｒｓoｎｔo hear ａnd ｔhen reｐｅａｔａｒandｏｍserｉeｓｏｆnumｂｅrs.”With thｅfirst ｓｕｂject,aｆtｅr aｂout 20 hourｓｏf ｔrａｉniｎｇ,hｉｓdiｇit span had risｅn from 7ｔｏ2０,”Ｅｒicsson rｅcａlｌs.”Hｅkｅpt ｉmproving,anｄafteｒabｏｕｔ２0０houｒｓof trａining hｅhad rｉsen to over ８０numbers.”

pａraｇｒaｐｈ4

This ｓｕccess,couｐled witｈlateｒｒesearｃｈsｈｏwing that mｅｍory iｔsｅlｆis not genｅtｉcaｌlｙdetermined,ｌedＥricsｓon ｔｏｃonclude thａt the ａcｔｏf memｏrizｉnｇiｓmorｅｏf ａcogｎitｉve exeｒciｓeｔhaｎan ｉntuｉtiｖe one．In otｈｅrｗords,whaｔever inbｏrn differencｅs tｗｏpeopｌe may exｈibitｉn theｉr abｉlitiｅs ｔo ｍemoｒize,those diffｅｒencｅｓａｒe ｓwamｐed by how wｅll eachｐｅrsoｎ“encodes” the inforｍａtion．Aｎd tｈe ｂｅｓt wａy tｏｌearn how ｔoｅncode inｆｏrｍａtioｎmｅanｉｎｇfully，Erｉcｓｓｏｎdeterｍined,wａs a procesｓkｎｏwn aｓｄｅliberatｅprａｃtice.Deliberａte practice ｅnｔails ｍoreｔhaｎｓimpｌy reｐeａｔing a task．Ratｈeｒ,itｉnvolves settiｎg speciｆiｃgoals,oｂtａiｎing ｉｍmeｄiaｔｅfeedback and ｃｏncentraｔiｎg as much oｎtｅchnique aｓｏn ouｔcｏmｅ.

paragrａpｈ 5

Ｅricsｓon and ｈis cｏlleａguesｈaｖe thuｓｔakeｎｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｉngｅｘp ｅrt ｐerfoｒmers iｎa wiｄｅranｇe ｏf pｕｒsuｉts，incｌudiｎg soccｅｒ.Thｅy gａther all thｅdａta tｈey caｎ,noｔjust perfｏrmaｎce sｔａtｉstｉｃs and ｂioｇｒaｐhｉcal ｄetaｉls bｕt also ｔhe resｕltｓof ｔｈeir own ｌaboｒatoｒｙeｘpｅｒimｅnts、^ｒim higｈaｃｈieｖeｒs.Their work makes a rather sｔartling asｓeｒtion：the trａｉt we ｃommonｌy cａlｌｔaleｎt is highｌｙｏverrated.Or,puｔaｎoｔher waｙ，ｅxpｅrt perｆｏrmers—whｅther in meｍｏry or surｇery, baｌlet or c ｏmpｕtｅr ｐrｏｇramming—are nearly always made,not boｒｎ．

Secｔion II ReaｄｉnｇCoｍprehensｉon 2 paｒagraph 1

在过去的几年里，《星期日报》增刊《pａｒaｄe》上出现一个名为“问问玛丽莲”的特写专栏。

人们被邀请向玛丽莲·沃斯·萨万特提问,她在１0岁时测得的智力水平相当于23岁左右的常人，智商高达228，是有记录的最高智商值。

智商测试让你完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后和剪裁之后的样子,推论数字顺序以及其他一些类似的任务。

因此当沃斯·萨万特能够回答(智商为１０0的)普通人所提出的问题时,像是:爱和喜欢之间的区别是什么？运气和巧合的本质是什么?这多少让人有些困惑。形象思维能力和推导数列的能力如何让一个人能够回答一些优秀诗人和哲学家都难以回答的问题,其中的原因还不得而知。

ｐａｒaｇrａph 2

显然,智力所包含的远不只是测试中的分数。

那么聪明意味着什么呢?智力中有多大比例能够详细进行解释呢?我们又能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域对智力了解多少呢？

ｐａragraph ３

虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了,对人类智力进行定义的仍然是智商数。

测试主要采用两种形式：一种是斯坦福—比奈智力量表,一种是温切斯勒智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)。

尽管这两种测试的改编版在书店和互联网上占有一席之地，它们通常只由心理学家进行测试，花费为几百美元。

像vos Sａvaｎt那样的超高分数不再可能出现,这是因为现在的计分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数学的基础上，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以胜利年龄再乘以100。

其他一些标准化考试，如SＡT和GRE,借鉴了智商测试的主要方面。

pａragrａｐh ４

Roｂert J ．Sternberｇ认为，这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。

在他的“智商测试有多明智”一文中,Steｒnberg指出传统的考试很好地评价了分析和语言能力,而没有评估创造力和实践知识，而后者对解决问题和在生活中取得成功至关重要。

此外，一旦人口或环境发生改变，智商测试就测得不准确了。

研究表明当智商测试在压力小的环境下进行时，它能预测领导能力。

当智商测试在压力大的环境下进行时，智商与领导力负相关，即它预测的内容正好相反。任何一个考过SAＴ的人都可以证实，考试技巧也是有关系的,要知道何时猜测,要跳过什么问题。

pａｒａgｒaph 1

For theｐastｓeｖｅral yｅars,thｅＳundａｙnewspaｐer supplement Paｒaｄｅhas fｅaturｅd a cｏlｕｍn called “Aｓk Ｍaｒiｌyn.”Peｏpleａre ｉｎｖitｅｄto ｑuery Mariｌyｎvos Savant.Who at ａｇe 10 had ｔｅstedａt a ｍｅntaｌｌeｖeｌof sｏmeone ａbout 23 yearsｏld;that gave heｒan IQ of 22８-ｔhe higｈest sｃoｒe eｖer reｃｏｒdｅｄ.ＩQ tesｔｓask you to coｍpｌｅte verbal andｖisualａｎaloｇｉeｓ,to eｎvisiｏn papeｒａｆｔｅr ｉt hａｓｂeｅn fｏｌded and ｃut，ａｎd tｏdｅｄucｅnuｍericａl sequｅnceｓ．ａmonｇoｔherｓimilar ｔasks．So it is a bｉt confuｓing ｗhｅn Vos Savant ｆieｌds such querｉes fｒom thｅａveraｇｅJｏe（wｈose IＱis 1００) ａs：Whａt’ｓtｈｅdｉfferencｅｂｅt ｗeen love and ｆondｎess? Or whａt is ｔhe naturｅof ｌｕcｋand coincｉdenc ｅ? It’s ｎotｏbvｉｏｕs how the cａpａｃｉｔy tｏvisualｉze objｅｃts and to f ｉgｕｒe out ｎumeｒical patternｓｓuitsｏne to ansｗer ｑuestiｏｎs that haｖe e ｌuded ｓｏme oｆthe beｓt poeｔs and philosoｐhers．

paraｇraｐｈ２

Clearly, iｎtｅlｌｉgencｅenｃoｍｐａssｅs ｍore tｈat a sｃore on a ｔesｔ. Jusｔｗｈatｄoeｓiｔmeａn to be sｍart? How mｕch of inteｌｌｉgeｎce can be specified,andｈｏｗmuch ｃａn we ｌｅarｎabout it fｒomｎeuroｌogy, genetics,

ｃompｕｔer scieｎce andｏther fｉｅｌds?

paｒaｇrａｐh ３

Ｔｈe defining term of ｉnｔeｌlｉgｅncｅin humanｓstill seeｍs ｔo be ｔｈe IＱｓcore,ｅven tｈoughＩQ tｅsts ａre not givｅｎas oｆtｅn asｔhｅｙｕsed tｏｂe.Tｈe ｔest comes pｒｉmarｉｌy in two ｆｏrmｓ:the Ｓtanfoｒｄ-Bｉne ｔＩntelｌigence Sｃale anｄthe Weｃhsler IntｅlligenceＳcales (boｔh cｏｍe ｉn adulｔaｎd chｉldren’s ｖｅrsion).Genｅrally cｏｓtinｇseｖｅral hunｄred dｏｌlars．theyａre usualｌｙgiven only by pｓychologisｔs,ａlｔhougｈvariａtionｓof tｈem populate bookｓｔｏｒｅｓａnｄthe WｉdｅWｅｂ.Supeｒhiｇｈscores lｉkｅVos Savaｎt’s arｅnｏlongerｐoｓｓiblｅ,becauｓｅscorｉｎg is nｏw based onａstaｔisticａl pｏpuｌatｉon dｉstributｉon ａｍoｎg aｇe peerｓ,ｒather than sｉｍply dividiｎg the menｔal ａge by ｔｈe ｃhｒonological a ｇeａnd mｕｌtｉplying by 10０．Otｈer ｓtａndardizｅｄtｅsts，such as tｈe Ｓchoｌastｉc AssessｍｅｎｔTeｓt (ＳAT)ａｎd the GｒaduａtｅRecorｄEｘam（ＧRE),caｐｔure tｈe main aｓpects of IQ ｔests.

parａgrapｈ 4

Ｓuch ｓｔandａrdｉzｅd tｅsｔs mａy noｔasseｓｓall ｔhe impｏｒtaｎｔelementｓnecessary to succeed in ｓchoolａnd in lifｅ.ａrguｅs ＲoberｔＪ.Ｓternbｅrg．In his arｔｉcｌe “Hｏw Iｎtelligent Is Intelｌigence Teｓｔing？”,Ｓterｎｂｅrｇｎoｔes ｔｈaｔｔraditional tｅｓtｓbest asｓｅss aｎalytical anｄverbal s ｋｉlls butｆａiｌto meａsurｅcreａtivity anｄｐractiｃal ｋnowlｅｄge，ｃｏmｐｏｎenｔs also cｒitｉcａｌtｏｐｒobｌemｓoｌviｎｇanｄlife sｕccｅsｓ.Ｍｏreover,IQ tｅsｔs do nｏt necｅssarｉlｙpｒｅdict sｏweｌl once ｐopｕlatiｏｎs oｒsituatiｏnｓchａnge.Ｒｅseａrch has fｏund thａt ＩQ prediｃted ｌeａdeｒｓhip skills whｅn tｈe testｓweｒe givｅn undｅr loｗsｔｒessｃｏnditiｏnｓ,bu ｔuｎdｅr high ｓtress conditions,ＩＱｗａs nｅｇativeｌｙcorrelatｅd witｈleadersｈｉｐ—ｔｈaｔiｓ, ｉtｐｒedｉｃｔed tｈe ｏpｐositｅ.Anyone wｈo has ｔoilｅd through ＳAT will testifｙｔｈat tesｔｔakiｎgｓｋｉｌl aｌso mａｔtｅrs，wｈetｈｅｒiｔ’s kｎowｉng when to guesｓor what ｑuesｔions to skip．

Secｔiｏn II Reaｄing Compreｈensｉon 3 paragｒａph 1

在上一代人中,曾经仰仗勤奋工作、公平竞争保持家庭经济安全的美国中产阶级家庭由于经济风险和新的现实而发生了变化。

现在一纸解雇通知书、一份病中诊断或夫妻离异都可能让一个稳定的中产家庭在几个月内变成新的贫困户。

pａraｇrａph 2

仅仅大约一代的时间，成百上千万的母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。

各行各业的学者、政策制定者和批评家们就这些变化的社会意义展开辩论,但是很少有人看到其副作用:家庭风险也提高了。

现在的家庭预算达到了新的双薪家庭的极限。

结果，他们就失去了在经济困顿时期具有的保护伞——作为后备力量的赚钱者(通常是妈妈)。

如果家庭主要经济支柱失业了或者生病了，这个后备军可以进入劳动力市场。

这个“附加的劳动力效果”会对由失业保险和伤残保险组成的安全网构成支持,帮助家庭渡过难关。

但现在，家庭财富的中断不能再得到弥补,过去,这种弥补通过是由一个在正常情况下赋闲在家的伴侣出去工作获得的。

pａrａgｒaph 3

同时，家庭在退休收入方面的风险也提高了。

钢铁工人、航空公司职员，现在还有汽车企业员工都在担心利率,股票市场的波动以及自己会在有生之年花光退休金的严酷现实，这样的家庭有成百上千万个。

在过去的大部分时间里,布什总统致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式,让退休人员将他们的大部分或全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报。

对于较年轻的家庭,情况没有好转。医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高——新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险。

甚至人口统计学的结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为如果有一个年老力衰的父母亲，随之而来的照料所需要的精力和财力在一代的时间内也增加了八倍。

ｐaｒagrａph 4

从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，可以理解,前面提到的多数情况看起来不像是一个承担更多经济责任的机会,而更像是一个将经济风险大规模转移到他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上的加速过程。经济的不良后果已经开始显现,政治影响可能也不远了。

ｐaragrａpｈ 1

Durｉng tｈe pasｔgeneratｉｏn,tｈｅAmerican miｄdlｅ.cｌasｓfamｉly that

ｏｎｃe could countｏｎｈard wｏｒｋand ｆａir play toｋeep itｓｅｌf finan ｃｉalｌy secure has been trａｎsfoｒmed by ecoｎoｍic risｋand nｅw realiｔies.Ｎｏｗa piｎk slip,a bad diaｇnosis，ｏr ａｄisaｐpｅａｒing sｐｏuse caｎreduce a famｉly from sｏｌidly mｉddlｅｃlaｓsｔo newlｙpoor in a few months．

ｐaragrａph 2

In juｓt oneｇeｎｅration,ｍilliｏｎsｏf mｏｔｈeｒｓhavｅgｏne tｏwork,tｒａnsforming basic famｉly ｅcoｎomｉｃs．Ｓcｈolａrs,policｙmakerｓ,and crｉｔics o ｆａll strｉpeｓhａve debaｔｅd the soｃｉaｌｉmplicａtiｏns Oｆtｈｅsｅc ｈanges．buｔfｅｗhaｖe loｏｋed atｔhe ｓide ｅffecｔ:fａmily risk has rｉsen

as well.Ｔoday’ｓfａｍiliｅs havｅbudgeted to tｈe limｉts ｏｆtheiｒnew two．p ａycｈeｃk sｔatus.As ａｒesult,ｔheｙhａvｅｌost the ｐarａchｕte they onc ｅhad in times ｏf fiｎancial setback-ａbaｃk．up earnｅr（uｓuａｌly Morn)who cｏｕld go inｔo tｈe woｒkｆｏrｃe if the pｒimａry eａrｎeｒgot laiｄoff oｒfｅll si ｃｋ.This “ａdded wｏｒｋeｒeffect” cｏｕld suｐpoｒt tｈe sａfｅｔy neｔofｆｅｒｅd bｙｕnemploymeｎt insｕrance ｏr disabilｉty ｉnsurａｎce tｏhelｐfamili ｅｓwｅａthｅr。ｂad times.Ｂut tｏdａy,ａdｉsｒuｐtiｏn to ｆａmilｙfortｕnes

ｃaｎｎｏｌｏnger be mａｄe up wｉth exｔrａincoｍe from an otherwｉ

se-stay-at-ｈome ｐartｎｅr.

pａragraph ３

Dｕrｉng ｔhe ｓaｍeｐeriod.ｆaｍiliｅs haｖｅbeen asked to absoｒb much ｍore ｒisk inｔheir retｉremｅnt iｎcｏmｅ.Steeｌworkers,airlinｅemｐloyｅes,aｎd noｗthoｓe ｉn ｔhｅauto inｄustｒy are joｉｎｉng miｌliｏnsｏf famiｌiｅs who mｕstｗoｒrｙaｂouｔｉnteresｔｒaｔeｓ，stockｍarketｆlｕｃtｕａtion,anｄtｈe harsｈrealｉtｙthａt they may oｕtliｖe ｔｈｅir retiremeｎt mone ｙ.Ｆor ｍｕcｈｏf the past ｙeaｒ,President Ｂush campaigneｄtｏmove Sｏcｉal Sｅcuritｙto a Sａvinｇs accouｎtｍodel，ｗitｈrｅｔｉrees tｒading mｕｃh o ｒａllｏｆtheiｒｇｕaｒanteeｄpaｙmentｓｆor paymｅnts ｄepｅndiｎg ｏnｉnvestｍｅnt rｅｔurns.Foｒｙounｇeｒfamilies,ｔhe picｔurｅis not ａｎy bｅｔter.Boｔh tｈe absolute cost ｏf hｅalthcａrｅanｄthe share of it borｎe bｙｆａmiliesｈavｅrisen and nｅwly faｓhｉoｎabｌe heaｌth-ｓaｖiｎgｓplansａｒe spreaｄing from legiｓｌａtive haｌls tｏＷａl-Mａrt worｋｅｒｓ,ｗiｔh much higheｒdeｄuｃtibles ａnd a laｒgｅnｅw dｏｓe oｆiｎveｓｔment rｉsk ｆor ｆaｍilies’ fｕture hｅalthcａｒe.Even dｅmoｇrapｈics are working againsｔｔhe middle class ｆaｍiｌｙ，as the oｄds of hａviｎg a ｗeak eｌdｅrｌy ｐaｒent—ａｎｄall ｔhe aｔｔendａｎtｎeed forｐhysicaｌａｎｄfiｎancial asｓistancｅｈave jumｐed ｅｉghtｆｏｌｄiｎjuｓt ｏne ｇenｅraｔioｎ.

ｐａragｒaph 4

Frｏｍｔhe ｍｉddle ｃｌaｓs fａmily perspｅcｔｉvｅ,much of thｉｓ,unｄeｒstandably, looｋs fａr lｅss ｌiｋe an opportunｉty to eｘｅrcisｅmｏre ｆｉnａｎcｉal rｅsｐonｓibiｌity, and a goｏd deaｌｍｏre lｉke a ｆrighｔeningａｃｃelera ｔｉon oｆｔｈｅｗhｏlｅｓａｌｅshift of fiｎａｎcial risk oｎｔo tｈeir alｒeady ｏｖerｂｕrdened ｓｈouｌders．The fiｎaｎcial fａllout ｈas begun,aｎd thｅpolitiｃａl fａllout may nｏt ｂｅfａr behinｄ.

Seｃtion II RｅaｄinｇＣompreheｎsion 4 ｐaraｇraph 1

不雨则已,一雨倾盆。当老板和董事们刚刚整顿好最糟糕的财务和规章问题,加强了薄弱的公司机制之后，新的“数据不安全”问题可能让他们特别是在美国成为报纸恶毒的头版头条,毫无疑问,这会导致执行官们走马换任。直到现在,信息保护还只是临时的，低级IT员工的工作,只是在数据量大的行业诸如银行业,电信业，航空公司受到重视,而现在却高高列在各行各业老板们的日程表上。

parａgrａph 2

今年几宗大的客户和雇员数据的泄露事件，包括时代华纳，美国国防承包商国际科学应用公司，甚至加州大学伯克利分校等差异如此大的机构,让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程,以搜索可能存在的安全缺陷。

paraｇraph 3

斯坦福大学商业院的Haim Medelsoｎ说,“数据正成为一种财产,需要像保护其他财产一样保护它。保护客户数据的能力对于市场价值至关重要，而市场价值是董事会应该对股民负责的。”确实,正如有公认的财会准则(ＧAAP）一样，到了有公认安全惯例（GＡSP）的时候了。纽约哥伦比亚大学商学院的ElｉNoaｍ建议，“为数据安全，备份，恢复设立适当的投资标准是一个管理问题，不是技术问题。”

ｐaraｇｒaｐh 4

令人费解的是这一问题似乎让老板们大吃一惊。想必最迟钝的老板来也明白，信任是最有价值的经济资产，他能容易被毁掉,而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任的了。

ｐａragrapｈ 5

现在这种情况，虽然不合理,可能还由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧。(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)。最近加州通过一项法令,在这之前,当数据泄露时,美国公司都不必告诉任何人，甚至是受害者本人。这种情况很快就会改变：许多有关数据安全的立法提案正在华盛顿特区进行讨论。同时6月17日公布的美国大约4千万信用卡帐户信息失窃事件让一天前美国联邦贸易委员会公布的一个重要决定黯然失色,该决定通知美国公司如果不能提供充分的数据安全保障，就会按章惩罚。

paragraph 1

It ｎeｖer rａｉns but it ｐours.Just aｓｂosses and boardｓhave ｆinａｌly sｏrｔe ｄｏut their ｗorst accounｔiｎｇａnd ｃｏmplianｃe troubｌes,and ｉmproved thei ｒfeebｌe corｐｏｒaｔｉon ｇovernaｎce，a new ｐrobleｍｔhrｅatｅｎs toｅarn tｈem-especially iｎAｍeｒica-thｅｓoｒt ｏｆnasty headlinｅs tｈａt inevita ｂly lead to hｅａds rollｉng in the ｅxecutivｅsuiｔe:data iｎseｃｕriｔy.Ｌefｔ,unｔil now, ｔｏｏdｄ,ｌoｗ-lｅvel IT staｆf to ｐuｔrighｔ,and seen as a ｃoncｅrn only of data-ricｈiｎduｓtrieｓｓuch ａs bａｎｋinｇ,teｌeｃomｓand air travel,ｉnformatｉon proteｃｔｉｏn is now hiｇｈoｎthe boss’ｓagenda in buｓinesses ｏｆevｅry ｖariety.

ｐａraｇｒaph 2

Seｖeral mａｓｓiｖe ｌｅaｋaｇes of custoｍerａnd employｅe data this yeａｒ—frｏm orgａnizatioｎs ａs diveｒｓe as Tｉｍe Warneｒ, thｅAmericanｄefenｓｅｃｏntractｏr SciｅncｅApplicatiｏns Ｉｎternatiｏｎal Corp and ｅｖenｔhe

Univeｒsｉty of Califｏｒnｉa，Ｂerkeley—have ｌeｆt mａnagｅrs hｕｒｒiｅdly p ｅering ｉntｏtｈｅｉr intｒｉcaｔｅＩT systｅmｓaｎｄｂｕsiｎess pｒoceｓses ｉn search oｆpｏｔｅnｔｉaｌvuｌnｅrａbilｉｔies.

pａragraph 3

“Ｄata is beｃoming an asset whｉcｈｎｅeｄs to be guaｒded aｓmuｃh as ａｎｙoｔｈer asseｔ,”sａys Hａim Mendelｓｏｎof Stanford Univｅｒsｉty’s bｕｓｉnesｓｓchooｌ.”The abｉlｉｔy to guard cｕsｔomｅｒｄａtaｉs the ｋｅy to markeｔvalｕe,whicｈｔhe bｏarｄis ｒesｐonsible for on bｅｈaｌｆof ｓharｅholders”．Indeｅd,jusｔaｓtｈere ｉs the concept of Generalｌy Ａｃcepｔed AcｃoｕｎｔｉnｇPrｉnciplｅs（ＧＡAP)，ｐerｈａpｓｉt is time fｏr ＧASP, Gen ｅrａlly Accepted Sｅcurity Praｃtｉces,suｇgｅｓtｅd ElｉＮoam of New York’sＣolｕmbia Businｅss Sｃhｏol．”Settｉｎｇtheｐｒopｅr iｎｖestｍent 1eｖel for secuｒiｔy，ｒedｕndancy, anｄrecoｖｅry ｉs a managemeｎt iｓsue,noｔ a tｅｃｈｎicａｌｏne,” hｅｓａｙs．

paｒaｇrａph 4

Thｅmｙｓｔｅry iｓthaｔthis ｓhoulｄcｏmｅas a sｕrpｒisｅｔo any ｂoss．Sｕreｌy it shｏulｄbe obｖioｕs to thｅｄimmest eｘecｕtive that trust,that m ｏｓtｖaluaｂle ｏf ecｏnｏmiｃａsｓｅts.is eａsｉly ｄｅstｒoyed andｈugｅｌy expｅnsｉveｔo rｅstore——and thaｔｆew thｉngs are mｏre lｉkely tｏdeｓtroy truｓｔthan a coｍpanｙletting sｅnsitivｅpersonal datａgｅt ｉnto tｈe wroｎg haｎｄs.

paｒagrａｐh 5

The currｅnt sｔaｔeｏf affairs ｍaｙｈave beeｎencoｕraged—though not justif ｉed—by thｅlaｃｋof legal peｎａlty(ｉn Aｍerica,ｂuｔnoｔEuｒoｐe）fｏr daｔａleakage.Until Cａlifｏrnia receｎｔlyｐaｓsed a ｌａw, American fｉrms ｄid noｔhave ｔo ｔell ａnｙｏnｅ．even tｈe vｉctｉｍ,wｈen data wｅnｔastray.Tｈａt may cｈａnｇe ｆａst:loｔs oｆproｐosedｄata－sｅcｕrｉｔy leg ｉslation is now doｉnｇthe roundｓin Wａｓhｉｎgton,D.Ｃ.Mｅanwｈｉle，tｈe ｔhｅft of ｉnfoｒmａtioｎaｂoｕt ｓｏｍｅ4０million crｅdit．cａrd accounｔs in A ｍｅrｉｃa．dｉｓｃloseｄｏn Jｕｎe １7ｔh.oｖershadoｗeｄａhuｇeｌyｉmｐortant dｅciｓiｏｎa day eａrｌieｒby Ameｒica’s Fedｅral Trade Cｏmmiｓsioｎ(ＦTC)ｔｈat puｔs corporａteＡmeｒiｃa ｏn notｉce that regｕlators will act iｆfirms fａil tｏproviｄｅadeｑｕate datａsecuritｙ.

考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

2007年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组

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