口译人称全集address and title
一. 称谓口译
Interpreting Terms of Address and Titles
在外事接待活动中,译员首先要面临的一道难题是称谓的口译.称谓代表了一个人的职位,职衔或学衔,体现了一个人的资历和地位.称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果.称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解,尤其是对称谓语的认识.一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份,例如英语的头衔语President,译成汉语时可
视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统,国家主席,大学的校长,学院的院长,学会或协会的会长或主席,公司的总裁或董事长等等.
一般说来,种类机构或组织的首先其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词head,但从比较的意义上看,应使用特定的,规范的称谓语.例如:
校长(大学): President of Beijing University
校长(中小学): Principal/Headmaster of Donghai Middle School
院长(大学下属): Dean of the Graduate School
系主任(大学学院下属): Chair/Chairman of the English Department
会长/主席(学/协会): President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长(企业): Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant
院长(医院): President of Huadong Hospital
主任(中心): Director of the Business Center
主任(行政): Director of Foreign Affairs Office
董事长(企业): President/Chairman of the Board of Directors
董事长(学校): President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees
首席升官的汉语称谓常以“总…”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有chief, general, head, managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯:
总书记 general secretary
总工程师 chief engineer
总会计师 chief accountant
总建筑师 chief architect
总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor
总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier
总裁判 chief referee
总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head
总代理 general agent
总教练 head coach
总导演 head director
总干事 secretary-general; commissioner
总指挥 commander-in-chief; generalissimo
总领事 consul-general
总监 chief inspector; inspector-general; chief impresario
总厨 head cook；chef
有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以一些通用的头衔词表示,例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head或chief来表示:
司(部署) department
厅(省属) department
署(省属) office (行署为 administrative office)
局 bureau
所 institute
处 division
科 section
股 section
室 office
教研室 program/section
例:局长 director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief
国务院 the State Council属下的部为ministry,所以部长叫作minister.另外,公署专员叫作commissioner, 其办事机构叫做“专员公署”,英语为prefectural commissioner’s office
汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表
达习惯等情况,可选择vice, associate, assistant, deputy等词.相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:
副总统(或大学副校长等) vice president
副总理(或系副主任等) vice chairman
副总理 vice premier
副部长 vice minister
副省长 vice governor
副市长 vice mayor
副领事 vice consul
副校长(中小学) vice principal
行事职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往使用不同的词语表达,最为常用的是英语语是associate,例如:
副教授 associate professor
副研究员 associate research fellow
副主编 associate managing editor
副编审 associate senior editor
副审判长 associate judge
副研究馆员associate research fellow of…(e.g., library science)
副译审 associate senior translator
副主任医师 associate senior doctor
当然,有些英语职位头衔,如manager和headmaster,其副职头衔可以冠以assistant,例如:
副总经理 assistant/deputy general manager, assistant/deputy managing director
大堂副理(宾馆) assistant manager
副校长(中小学) assistant headmaster
以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示.此外,secretary, mayor, dean头衔的副职也可以冠以deputy,例如:
副秘书长 deputy secretary-general
副书记 deputy secretary
副市长 deputy mayor
副院长 deputy dean
学术头衔系列除了含“正” “副”级别的高级职称或中级职称外,还有初级职称如“助理”, “助理”常用assistant来表示,例如:
助理教授 assistant professor
助理研究员 assistant research fellow
助理工程师 assistant engineer
助理编辑 assistant editor
助理馆员assistant research fellow of …(e.g., library science)
助理教练 assistant coach
助理农艺师 assistant agronomist
还有一些行业的职称头衔,其高级职称不用“正”或“副”来表示,而是直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior来称呼,例如:
高级编辑 senior editor
高级工程师 senior engineer
高级记者 senior reporter
高级讲师 senior lecturer
高级教师 senior teacher
高级农艺师 senior agronomist
有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示:
首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO)
首席法官 chief judge
首席顾问 chief advisor
首席检察官 chief inspector/prosecutor
首席仲裁员 chief arbitrator
首席监事 chief supervisor
首席播音员 chief announcer/broadcaster
首席代表 chief representative
首席记者 chief correspondent
除了用“总” “高级” “首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外,还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔,例如:
检察长 procurator-general
审判长 presiding judge; chief judge; chief of judges
护士长 head nurse
秘书长 secretary-general
参谋长 chief of staff
厨师长 head cook, chef
有些头衔含诸如“代理” “常务” “执行” “名誉”这类称谓语,例如: 代理市长,代理总理,代理主任
执行主席,执行主任,执行秘书
名誉校长,名誉会长
一般说来, “代理”可译作acting,例如:
代理市长 acting mayor
代理总理 acting premier
代理主任 acting director
“常务”可以managing表示,例如:
常务理事 managing director
常务副校长 managing vice president (亦可作first vice mayor)
“执行”可译作executive,例如:
执行主任 executive director
执行秘书 executive secretary
执行主席 executive chairman (也可译作presiding chairman)
“名誉”译作honorary,例如:
名誉校长 honorary president/principal
名誉主席/会长 honorary chairman/president (也可用emeritus表示,如emeritus chairman/president)
有些职称或职务带有“主任” “主治” “特级” “特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:
主任编辑 associate senior editor
主任秘书 chief secretary
主任医师 senior doctor
主任护士 senior nurse
主治医师 attending/chief doctor; physician; consultant
特级教师 special-grade senior teacher
特派记者 accredited correspondent
特派员/专员 commissioner
特约编辑 contributing editor
特约记者 special correspondent
许多职称,职务的头衔称谓其英语表达法难以归类,需要日积月累,逐步登录在自己的称谓语料库中.以下所列举是其中的一部分:
办公室主任 office manager (如“校长办公室主任” manager of president’s office)
财务主任 treasurer
车间主任 workshop manager/director
编审 senior editor
博导(博士生导师) doctoral student supervisor)
研究生导师 graduate student tutor
客座教授 visiting professor
院士 academician
译审 senior translator
村长 village head
领班 captain; foreman; gaffer
经纪人 broker
税务员 tax collector
研究馆员research follow of…(如“图书馆研究馆员” research fellow of
library science)
股票交易员 stock dealer
红马夹 (stock exchange) floor broker
业务经理 service/business/operation manager
住院医生 resident(doctor); register
国际大师 international master
注册会计师 chartered/certified public accountant;
registered/incorporated accountant
我国有一些常见的荣誉称号(honorary title)在许多英语国家没有相对应的表达语,现列举部分英译供参考:
标兵 pacemaker
学习标兵 student pacemaker; model student
劳动模范 model worker
模范教师 model teacher
优秀教师 excellent teacher
优秀员工 outstanding employee; employee of the month/year
青年标兵 model youth/youth pacemaker
青年突击手 youth shock worker
三好学生 "triple-A” outstanding student; outstanding student
三八妇女红旗手“March 8th Red Banner” outstanding woman pacemaker 首相Prime Minister
总理Premier/Chancellor
省长或州长Governor
代理市长acting mayor
常务副市长
Executive vice mayor
人大代表Deputy to the National People's Congress
人大常委Member of People's Congress Standing Committee 市委常委Municipal party committee member
秘书长或总书记
Secretary General
副书记deputy secretary
副教授associate professor
高级工程师senior engineer
首席代表chief representative
检察长procurator-general
参谋长chief of staff
参议员Senator
大使Ambassador
领事consul
英国: 大卫卡梅伦
David Cameron
法国：萨科奇
Nicolas Sark?zy
德国：默克尔
Angela Merkel
俄罗斯：梅德韦杰夫
Dmitry Medvedev
澳大利亚：茱莉亚-吉拉德
Julia Gillard
日本：野田佳彦
Noda Yoshihiko
韩国：李明博
Lee Myung-bak
朝鲜：金正日
Kim Jong-il
香港：曾荫权
Donald Tsang Yam Kuen 澳门: 崔世安
Fernando Chui Sai On
台湾: 马英九
Ma Ying-jeou
汽车专业英语翻译综合
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
口译教程部分答案
2.2 Why do we have eyebrows? Those tiny, little hairs above our eyes that many women either pluck, paint, pierce or tattoo play a very important role in keeping moisture out of our eyes. Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from the rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat. When it's pouring rain outside or when sweat drips down from our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes. Our arch-shaped eyebrows angle the rain or sweat around to the side of our faces--leaving our eyes fairly dry. By catching the water or sweat, our eyebrows not only allow us to see more clearly, but also keep salty sweat from burning or irritating our eyes. Eyebrows have other roles also. As one of our most expressive facial features, eyebrows help us determine how people are feeling without ever really asking them. If a person's eyebrows are frowning, chances are they are mad or upset. In addition, eyebrows have an increasing impact on our beauty or fashion culture over the years. Thick, hairy and big eyebrows tend to be characterized as unattractive while thin and plucked eyebrows are said to be more attractive. 3.1Hotels in China Hotels in China are classified into first class, second class and third class based on their star-rating. Five-star and most four-star hotels are in the first class. Guest rooms in first class hotels all have fully-fitted bathrooms, refrigerators, telephones and satellite TV. They have fully adjustable climate control through central air-conditioning facilities. Other ancillary facilities provided by these hotels include such things as business centres, conference facilities, beauty parlours, saunas, foreign exchange, bowling centers, disco-ballrooms, swimming pools, gymnasiums, restaurants, cafes, shopping centers and bars which are open 24 hours a day. The second class generally includes three-star hotels and some two-star ones. Guest room facilities and services are not up to the standard of those in first class hotels. Tour groups normally prefer to stay in second class hotels. Third class hotels are much like motels in Western counties in terms of facilities and services. Hardware facilities in such hotels are of course inferior to those provided by second class hotels, but they offer prices 50% or more below those of second class hotels. As a result, they are popular with many tourists. 5.1 What makes a good conversation? Recently, a friend phoned me. She’s one of those people who could talk under wet cement. I've discovered that I can even put the phone down and attend to something in another room while she's talking and she doesn’t even notice. A second friend phoned me that night. I was very tired, but I soon forgot my weariness as we animatedly shared our opinions, beliefs and personal experiences. Time flew, and as I went to bed very late that night, I thought, “Now, that was a really good conversation!” It occurred to me that it might be an interesting topic to research for my speech tonight. So I asked some of my friends what they thought made a good conversation. They had different suggestions, but all agreed on three main points: mutual interest, give and take, trust. Let's look at the first one: mutual interest. A conversation has to be of interest to all concerned. As one friend suggested, a good conversation is when two or more people voluntarily explore the topic. But how can we be sure that we are not boring others? We need to be sensitive to the cues
大三口译教程课文翻译
1.3 US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University 美国副总统在复旦大学的演讲开场白 Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China. // We are grateful for the welcome we have received, especially for the kind of reception here at Fudan University. We thank you for the honor, and we bring you good wishes from President George W. Bush and the people of the United States.// 非常感谢您，市长先生。谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很高兴来到这里。我夫人与我为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们。我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。 I know that many of you will soon graduate from this great university. I am told the standards are extremely demanding here, and a degree from Fudan University signifies years of hard work and discipline. I congratulate each one of you on your achievement, and I commend your teachers for upholding the tradition of excellence that marks the 99-year history of Fudan University.
汽车专业英语翻译
Unit1 发动机是汽车的心脏。汽车引擎的目的是将燃料转化为能量使汽车移动。最简单的方法是在发动机内部燃烧燃料。,因此,汽车发动机是一种内燃机,缸内燃烧燃料和燃烧的扩张力量转换成旋转力用来驱动汽车。 这里有多种类型的内燃机分为往复式和旋转式引擎;火花式点火或压缩式点火发动机;代用燃料发动机。 往复式发动机 最熟悉的组合是往复式,火花点火,四冲程汽油发动机,如图1-1a所示。现代汽车通常是由水冷活塞式内燃机,安装在汽车的前面,它的力量可以被传送到前轮，传到后轮,或所有车轮轮。一些汽车使用风冷式发动机,但这些通常效率不及液冷式。往复式发动机的另一个主要类型是柴油发动机(如图果1-1b所示),这是使用重型车辆，如卡车，公共汽车和少数家庭轿车。柴油和汽油发动机一般采用四冲程循环。 转子式发动机 转子式内发动机,也叫汪克尔发动机,由德国的Felix~Wankel在1954年开发的,可以提供一种低废气排放和大规模生产的可行性的发动机来替代往复式发动机机。在这种发动机中，三面转子在燃烧室的自由空间内旋转使其随着转子转动压缩和膨胀,见图1 - 2。燃料被吸入、压缩和被点火系统的点燃。膨胀的气体带动转子然后废气排出,如图1 - 3所示。旋转式引擎没有气门,活塞,连杆,往复部件,或曲轴。它提高了马力,基本上不会有震动,但它的油耗是高于传统活塞式发动机。 代用燃料汽车 内燃机消耗大量的石油,并造成严重的空气污染,因此,其他类型的燃料和非常规引擎被研究和发展。 可替代燃料汽车(AFV)是一种用常见的油箱的柔性燃料车辆，设计一种在不同混合的无铅汽油与乙醇或双燃料汽车运行，一种可使用替代燃料和传统燃料。一种高科技车辆(A TV)结合了新引擎,动力传动机构,传动系系统显著提高燃油经济性。最理想的替代燃料发动机燃烧燃料比传统汽油内燃机更为简洁,但仍然能够使用现有的加油站。 混合动力电动车 混合动力汽车或者混合电动汽车(HEV)(如图1 - 4所示),是由两个或两个以上的能源,其中之一是电力可以高英里每加仑，低排放。有两种类型的混合动力汽车,串联和并联式。在串联式电动汽车中,车辆动力所有动力来自同一个源头。例如,一个电动马达驱动的汽车电池和内燃机驱动发电机给电池充电。在并联混合动力,电力是通过这两个路径,电动机和内燃机驱动车辆。这一点,可能有助于电力汽车的电动发动机空转和加速度。内燃机巡航时,驱动传动系和给电池充电。 在当前生产混合动力车发动机和电动马达连接,同样的传播协助下电动引擎可以更小。
雷天放口译教程13单元重点练习
The Indian Ocean Tsunami that took place at the end of 2004 drove the whole world into shock and grief. It swept many countries along Indian Ocean like Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, leading to nearly 300 thousand deaths, among whom 100 thousand deathswere Indonesian. Numerous families lost their folks in this unexpected disaster. The number of people who suffered directly or indirectly reached 5 million. The international society efficiently organized rescue and donation for the disaster-stricken areas. The donation from the Chinese government and the public reached over 1.2 million RMB. In the 21th century, this kind of tremendous tragedy did make people reflect on the reasons why the catastrophe would take place, and how we could avoid it. So that people carried out an extensive discussion and analysis about it. First, it’s the punishment by nature for the improper behavior of human being. The primary cause of this severe disaster was that people built a great deal of houses alongthe coast and destroy the natural environment. Although earthquakes and their accompanying tsunami is the normal natural phenomena, the fact that a tsunami caused tens of thousands of deaths could not totally attribute to the nature for the places that human should not have occupied. In order to attract tourists, plenty of hotels and restaurants have been built tightly along the seashore, which undoubtedly increased the risks that people might be suddenly hit by tsunami. Some experts put it that the coral reef and the mangroves growing in the shallow water areas could protect people from being hit. However in the past two to three decades, people have fished and shrimped as well as logged the seaside mangroves in great quantity, for which they suffered a heavy loss. Second, the lack of the preventive and warning mechanisms make people unprepared and unprotected. This disaster was caused by the earthquake, but what made people suffered a lot was the tsunami instead of the earthquake. The earthquake had taken place two hours before the tsunami, which could be felt in many areas. If there was a pretty effective preventive and warning mechanism ahead of time, the local people could have enough time to escape, so that the number of casualty and the loss could decrease in some way. After the catastrophe, leaders from some countries made speeches to urge the international society to take preventive measures together and make the greatest efforts to minimize the loss cause by this kind of natural disaster. People should learn from the disaster and hold responsible for the protection of the global environmentaltogether. The governments of relevant countries should join together to establish a preventive and warning mechanism as soon as possible. The international society should learn from the disaster and find out the loopholes and enhance the awareness and education of the public about how to escape when the earthquake and tsunami took place. Though we could not avoid such similar natural disaster, as long as the whole world works together and make joint efforts, we can certainly minimize the loss caused by the disaster.
汽车专业英语翻译
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
商务英语口译教程Unite1_Unite4课后习题答案
Unit1 P8 1.我们认为你方的格力空调在这里会很畅销，希望很快收到你们的样品。 2．贵方若能报优惠价并保证收到订单后四周内交货，我方将定期订购。 3.如能报到岸价，折扣以及发货日期等详细情况，将不胜感激。 4.随函附上我方最新的产品目录及CIF 纽约报价单。 5.关于贵方9月29日的询价信，我方就如下产品报价，以我方最后确认为准。 6. 此盘5天内不接受就作撤销论。 7. 很遗憾，我们的价格和你方还盘之间差距太大，所以恐怕我方不能接受你方还盘。 8. 考虑到我们长期以来的贸易关系和友好合作，我方建议你方能接受保兑，不可撤销即期信用证。 9. 石油价格将在未来一段时间内继续下降。 10. 我们还想指出我们主要以承兑交单方式结账。 Unit1 P9 1.（我们正打算订购）We are thinking of placing an order for your Flying Pigeon Brand bicycles. We would be very grateful if you could make us an offer for 200 ones with details. 2. （上述询价已于）The above inquiry was forwarded to you on Oct. 10, but we haven’t received your reply yet. Your early offer will be highly appreciated. 3. （我方的冷冻食品）Our frozen foods have been shipped to many countries where they are received favorably. It would be to your advantage to try out a shipment. 4. （很抱歉，贵方）We are sorry to say that the goods required by you are out of stock for the time being. Therefore we are unable to make you an offer at present. 5. （我方于两个月前）We sent you our Quotation No. 44 two months ago, but we haven’t received any news from you. It would be advisable if you could make an early decision on this matter. 6. （所有报盘都以）All quotations, except firm offers, are subject to our final confirmation. Unless otherwise stated or agreed upon, all prices are without any discount. 7.（许多外国电讯）Many foreign telecommunications companies wish to come into the Chinese market such as AT &T, etc. the competition is very keen. I understand some companies are lowering their prices and offering technical assistance and after-sale services. 8.（很高兴我们）I’m glad that we have settled the price. 9. （我们至多只能再减）The best we can do will be a reduction of another 30 pounds. That’ll be definitely rock-bottom. 10. （我们正在仔细研究）We’re now studying your offer carefully, so we hope that you can keep it open till the end of this month. Unit1 P10 1、我们的还盘与国际市场上的价格一致。如果你们接受，我们将说服客户向你们订货。如果你方不能做进一步的让步，我们就没有必要再谈下去了。我们不妨取消整个交易。顺便说一下，在考虑你方的新报价时，请考虑到我们的佣金问题。 2、我们的报价以合理利润为基础，不是漫天要价。你必须考虑到质量问题。这一行的每个人都知道三星产品质量上乘。如果我们不是朋友，我们愿意以这个价格为你们好。 Unit1 P11
口译教程雷天放20课一文章答案
中国致力于发展中欧富有活力和长期稳定的经贸合作关系，并期待欧盟成为中国最大贸易与投资伙伴：——发挥经贸混委会机制作用，加强经贸监管政策对话；适时考虑更新《中欧贸易与经济合作协定》；运用WTO规则，妥善解决不合理限制及技术性壁垒，放宽高技术出口限制，发挥技贸合作的巨大潜力；尽早给予中国“完全市场经济地位”，减少并消除对华反倾销及有关歧视性政策和做法，慎用“特保措施”；合理补偿因欧盟扩大对中方经贸利益的减损。——加强中欧在世界贸易组织新一轮谈判中的协调与合作，共同推动谈判获得成功。——加强投资对话，推动建立双边投资促进机构，积极引导双方企业相互投资，扩大中小企业合作；开展加工贸易、承包工程和各种劳务合作，鼓励跨国经营和国际化生产。——欢迎欧盟增加对华发展援助，特别是在环保、扶贫、卫生保健、教育等领域的援助。同时也欢迎在加强人力资源培训、尤其是对中国中西部的人员培训、中国参与多边贸易体制的能力建设等方面发挥作用。——加强在质量监督检验检疫领域的合作，建立磋商机制，在维护安全、卫生、健康、环保的原则下，及时解决影响双方产品市场准入的问题。——加强海关合作，适时签署中欧海关协定。（二）金融合作建立健全中欧金融高层对话机制，扩大中欧央行间的政策交流，深化在防范金融危机、反恐融资和反洗钱方面的合作。中方欢迎欧盟成员国银行拓展对华业务，希望妥善解决中国金融机构在欧盟的市场准入问题。中方将依照保险法规及入世承诺，积极审核欧盟成员国保险机构来华营业申请，完善监管法规体系。加强证券立法、市场监管、投资运作合作，鼓励更多的欧盟成员国证券经营机构、基金管理机构以及其他机构投资者进入中国市场，也鼓励中国证券经营机构在条件成熟时进入欧盟证券市场，同时积极支持中国企业进入欧盟证券市场融资。 China is committed to developing dynamic, long-term and stable economic cooperation and trade with the EU and expects the latter to become China's largest trading and investment partner. -- Give play to the mechanism of the economic and trade joint committee and step up economic and trade regulatory policy dialogue; give attention to updating the Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement Between China and the European Union at an appropriate time; properly address irrational restrictions and technical barriers, ease restrictions on high-tech exports and tap the enormous potential of technological cooperation and trade in line with the WTO rules; grant China a full market economy status at an early date, reduce and abolish anti-dumping and other discriminatory policies and practices against China, and apply the Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism (TPSSM) prudently; and compensate the Chinese side for its economic and trade losses which may arise due to the EU enlargement. -- Boost China-EU coordination and cooperation in the new round of WTO negotiations and work together for the success of the negotiations. -- Strengthen dialogue on investment, promote the establishment of bilateral investment-promotion institutions, energetically encourage and guide mutual investments between enterprises of the two sides, and expand cooperation between their small- and medium-sized enterprises; develop processing trade,