英语作文段落结构分析

1. 什么就是主题句？

主题句(topic sentence)就是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意,要求全段其她文字都围绕它展开。请瞧下例:

My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others、Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them、Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized、Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate、Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly、My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue、

Our life today depends very much on energy、In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be、The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything、Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell、

2 如何写好主题句？

(1)写好主题句中的关键词

关键词要尽量写得具体些。对“具体”的要求包括两个方面:一就是要具体到能控制与限制段落的发展;二就是要具体到能说明段落发展

的方向。

原句1: He can fix a bicycle himself、

斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。但它只就是限制了段落发展的部分内容,并没有告诉读者该用哪种方法展开,就是用因果关系法还就是用分类法？

修正:He can fix a bicycle himself in several simple steps、

修正:There are several reasons why he can fix a bicycle himself、

原句2: She tries to improve her looks、

斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。她试着改变她面容的理由就是什么？或者她采取什么方法来改善呢？我们无法从关键词中清楚得知。

修正:She tries many ways to improve her looks、

修正:There are some reasons why she tries to improve her looks。

(2)写好主题句的中心思想

Exercise is beneficial to your heart、 A 22-year study was conducted by doctors in California、They found that people who work at physical jobs experience fewer heart attacks than other people、These active people work all the time at moderate speeds, their daily routine gives them an adequate amount of exercise and helps them stay in shape、

"Exercise is beneficial"这就是毫无疑义的。但主题句中如不加上

"to your heart"来加以control 与limit,那就流于空泛。因此,紧紧把握主题句中controlling idea的导向与制约作用,就是短文写作成功关键之一。(3)要注意主题的可写性

所定的主题不能太笼统,也不能太具体。

In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”,Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of God's Kingdom.

这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写,无法展开段落。

In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”, Kreb is a lonely,cynical veteran.

这个句子可作为主题句,因为可以围绕“lonely,cynical”展开段落。

Let me tell you something about overpopulation.

这个句子太笼统,作为一个段落的主题太大,难于驾驭。

Why has the world population been increasing so rapidly in the last decades？

这个句子就是个较好的主题句,作者用“the reasons for overpopulation in the last decades”,从“原因”(cause)与“时间”(time)两方面限制了主题,能在一个段落内论述。

2.推展句

2、1 主要推展句

主要推展句(major supporting statement)的主要特点就是:围绕段落主题句展开的每一个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说

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