搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 老师的机械翻译公式

老师的机械翻译公式

老师的机械翻译公式
老师的机械翻译公式

钟平老师的机械翻译公式

机械化英语翻译法————领航钟平老师基础版听课笔记2009-11-15

简介:本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维,将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子,但切记:词汇是一切的根本。

一、英语之基本规则

主干先行(主、谓、宾),废话后置(定、状)

二、主干的确定

构成一句话的主要条件是:主语+谓语

1>谓语:a.划出所有动词;b.排除具有下列条件的动词:从句中的、句首状语、前面无助动词的分词、to do形式(谓语+to do除外,因为它整体作谓语)、活用的动词(如动词当名词用)

*单词的活用能通过运用简单词,让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。例:Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好)You were,are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中)

2>主语:

a.句首的第一个名词性结构;

b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。名词性结构:名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、It+……+从句/to do;

非名词性结构:介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构

3>宾语:每个谓语后面的名词性结构。

三、复杂英文模式之计算公式:[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语}

例:[Although not so world widelyaccepted],people(who are emotionally weakin daily business)are[often]losers{who arenot able to fulfil any fruitful achievements intheir lifetime that they endure}.子公式(无宾语模式):[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]

*宾语后一般都是定语,除非一开始就有表示状语的概念(如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因等)

四、定状的汉化(核心)

1>前提:分别划出各定状层次,包括:a.分词结构b.从句c.介词短语。

2>状语的处理

规则1汉化位置:句子首尾或最近的谓语前面

规则2倒序If ①②③④⑤则汉化结果为⑤④③②①

规则3并列不变序原则If ①②③④⑤如果②、③之间的关系为并列(and)、转折(but)或选择(or),则②、③的顺序不变。即汉化结果为⑤④②③①;如果②③、④⑤直接存在上述关系,则汉化结果为③②⑤④①即将②③、④⑤分别看成两个整体,不变序,但内部依旧变序。规则4 If ①②③④⑤如果②、③之间的关系为动词+从句的形式,则②、③的顺序也不变。汉化结果为⑤④②③①。

3>定语的处理

规则1位置:英语表达n.+①②③汉语表达③②①+n.(倒序然后放在名词前)

规则2句中有并列和v.+从句形式的处理与状语的处理的规则3、4相同。

规则3逗号+定语从句形式:分开翻译,用逗号隔开,重复先行词,重新排序。

*通常which翻译成“这”,who翻译成“其”。

规则4介词+从句(如in which结构)分开翻译

根据以上四个步骤,对下句作如下分析:例:The boy①who has been elected②in themeeting ③last week④held⑤by teachers⑥who are working⑦in that school⑧whichlocated⑨in the center ⑩of our city hasnnounced a statement①11 saying that he will never give upsearching②12for new materials③13 toreplace the present one.

1>找句子主干:The boy has announced a statement;

2>句子中无状语,故分析句子中的定语层次,标记如上句。

The boy后有10个定语,且没有连接词,故按状语——规则2进行排序翻译:在我们市中心的坐落的那个学校工作地教师所举行的上周的会议中被选举的男孩;astatement后面有3个定语,以同样的方式翻译:为了代替当前材料的新材料的研究他将永远不会放弃。

3>根据汉语习惯整理句子:

坐落于我们市中心的那所学校的一位男孩宣布了一项声明声称,他将永远不会放弃用来替代当前材料的新材料的研究,该男孩由在那个学校工作地老师们在上周举行的会议中选举产生。

例:Social science is that branch①ofintellectual enquiry 2 which seeks to studyhumans and their endeavors③in the samereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassioned manner④that natural scientistsuse⑤for the study⑥of natuarl phenomena.(2003年翻译)

1>找主干:Social science is that branch;

2>句子中无状语,分析句子中的定语层次,标记如上句。the branch后有6个定语,且相互之间无连接词,做如下翻译:为有关自然现象的研究而被那些自然科学家所使用的同样充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性的方式来寻找研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支。

3>根据汉语习惯整理句子:社会科学是研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支,它同自然科学家研究自然现象的方法一样,充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性。

五、复杂英文模式之基本分类

英文中经常会出现整个句子由一个或几个连接词连接而成并列、转折或选择结构,在这里将含有两个独立结构句型的句子称作双黄蛋,只有一个句子的当然叫单黄蛋了。在一句话出现表示并列、转折或选择的连接词时,就要考虑它是不是双黄蛋,甚至多黄蛋,然后着手翻译。这种情况下将各个分句用公式单独进行分析即可。

至此,机械化翻译的方法已经基本介绍完毕,有些特殊情况由于时间和各方面的原因,钟平老师说将在开课之后进行讲解,但我没有报领航的英语正式班,所以只能自己在以后的联系中积累总结了!

大致步骤概括:

1.分析句子是不是双黄句或多黄句;

2.找主干;

3.划层次;(熟练后可以目划)

4.汉化翻译。

附:例句练习:1.These comments whether accepted clarifiedthe norms and requirements of the covenantwhich was already in power in practice andenable the committee to make a significant

contribution to the justice promotion in aparticular right or issue while other article hasfailed to function as has been expected inthose meetings which was held with greathope.

(1)句子主干:These comments clarified thenorms andrequirements…

(2)译文:这些评论,不论是否被接受,都澄清了已经在实践当中生效的公约的标准和要求,并且使得委员会对具体权利和事项的正义的促进做出了重大贡献。而其他的条款没有起到那些带着重大的期望所召开的会议当中所期待的作用。

2.Under a system deployed on the white housewebsite forthe first time last time,those who want to senda message to President Bush must nownavigate asmany as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by askingwhether the sender of the message supports thewhite house policy or differs with it.

(1)句子主干:those navigate web pages andfill out a detailed form

(2)译文:在上次第一次被使用到白宫网站上的一个体系下,那些想给布什总统发送消息的人现在必须浏览多达九个网页,并且填写一个详细的询问是否支持白宫政策开头的表格。

3.Great attention may be given to women'shealth issues in the ninth session,at which thecommittee devoted general discussion tothe right tohealth andemphasizedthe principle of non-discrimination and of theconcept that there is a minimum core contentof each right which constitutes a‘floor’belowwhich the conditions should not be permittedto fall in any State Party of this Pact.

分析:(1)句子主干:Great attention may be givento women’s health issues(2)译文:在第九次会议上,人们强烈关注女性的健康问题。在这次会议上,委员会对于健康权做出了基本的讨论,并且强调了无歧视原则以及每个权利都有一个构成核心内容的底线的概念;低于这个底线的情况,不能在公约的成员国家当中发生。

4.This continuum begins on a‘micro’level,thatis,the norms and laws governing relationshipsand resources allocation within the family andthe need to reform personal laws,and extendsto a ‘macro’level,such as thestructure programs(SP)designed bydeveloping states with the advice andsupport of international financial institutionsthat endeavor to sustain the process of theongoing reforms.

分析:(1)句子主干:This continuum begins ona‘micro’level and extends to a‘macro’level.(2)译文:这个过程开始于一个微观的层面,也就是有关家庭当中的资源分配和关系的标准和法律,以及改革个人法律的需求;并且扩展到一个宏观的层面,比如说在那些一直致力于支持不断进行的改革程序的国际财经机构的支持和建议之下,由发展中国家所设计的结构型计划。

5.The committee has also noted that there isinconsistence between StateParties Reports and other information receivedfrom other resources,such as Panama’sReport on the living conditions of theresidence in ELCHORILLO made homelessby bombing which took place last year,whichwas not consistent with other informationreceived by the Committee.

分析:(1)句子主干:The committee has also notedthat there is inconsistence…

(2)译文:委员会已经认识到成员国家的报告和其他来源信息的不同。比如说巴拿马的由于去年所发生的轰炸导致无家可归的ELCHORILLO地区居民生活状况的报告,这同委员会收到的其他信息不一致。

虽然这个东西用起来有点复杂,而且也不一定好用,但我们可以取其精华,比如把长难句中名词后面的各个定语分开翻译,然后以汉语习惯连接起来,很有效果的!

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基) 应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章) 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。

《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译

Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇: statics [st?tiks] 静力学;dynamics动力学;constraint约束;magnetic [m?ɡ'netik]有磁性的;external [eks't?:nl] 外面的, 外部的;meshing啮合;follower从动件;magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] 大小;intensity强度,应力;non-coincident [k?u'insid?nt]不重合;parallel ['p?r?lel]平行;intuitive 直观的;substance物质;proportional [pr?'p?:??n?l]比例的;resist抵抗,对抗;celestial [si'lestj?l]天空的;product乘积;particle质点;elastic [i'l?stik]弹性;deformed变形的;strain拉力;uniform全都相同的;velocity[vi'l?siti]速度;scalar['skeil?]标量;vector['vekt?]矢量;displacement代替;momentum [m?u'ment?m]动量; 2、词组 make up of由……组成;if not要不,不然;even through即使,纵然; Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇: machine 机器;mechanism机构;movable活动的;given 规定的,给定的,已知的;perform执行;application 施用;produce引起,导致;stress压力;applied施加的;individual单独的;muscular ['m?skjul?]]力臂;gravity[ɡr?vti]重力;stretch伸展,拉紧,延伸;tensile[tensail]拉力;tension张力,拉力;squeeze挤;compressive 有压力的,压缩的;torsional扭转的;torque转矩;twist扭,转动;molecule [m likju:l]分子的;slide滑动; 滑行;slip滑,溜;one another 互相;shear剪切;independently独立地,自立地;beam梁;compress压;revolve (使)旋转;exert [iɡ'z?:t]用力,尽力,运用,发挥,施加;principle原则, 原理,准则,规范;spin使…旋转;screw螺丝钉;thread螺纹; 2、词组 a number of 许多;deal with 涉及,处理;result from由什么引起;prevent from阻止,防止;tends to 朝某个方向;in combination结合;fly apart飞散; 3、译文: 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面,这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时,机器就开始工作了。所以,力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动,要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种

机械专业术语英文翻译

陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams

钟平老师的机械翻译公式

钟平老师的机械翻译公式 2009-11-15 11:51 机械化英语翻译法 ————领航钟平老师基础版听课笔记 简介:本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维,将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子,但切记:词汇是一切的根本。 一、英语之基本规则 主干先行(主、谓、宾),废话后置(定、状) 二、主干的确定 构成一句话的主要条件是:主语+谓语 1> 谓语:a.划出所有动词;b.排除具有下列条件的动词:从句中的、句首状语、前面无助动词的分词、to do形式(谓语+to do

除外,因为它整体作谓语)、活用的动词(如动词当名词用) * 单词的活用能通过运用简单词,让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。 例:Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好) You were,are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中) 2> 主语: a.句首的第一个名词性结构; b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。 名词性结构:名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、It+……+从句/to do; 非名词性结构:介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。 3> 宾语:每个谓语后面的名词性结构。

三、复杂英文模式之计算公式: [状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语} 例:[Although not so world widely accepted],people (who are emotionally weak in daily business) are [often] losers {who are not able to fulfil any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure}. 子公式(无宾语模式):[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语] * 宾语后一般都是定语,除非一开始就有表示状语的概念(如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因等) 四、定状的汉化(核心) 1> 前提:分别划出各定状层次,包括:a.分词结构b.从句c.介词短语。 2> 状语的处理 规则1 汉化位置:句子首尾或最近的谓语前

机械专业外文翻译(中英文翻译)

外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed,belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost.Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so.Nowadays,bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine).The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance.An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth,soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits.For load sharing on multiple drives.torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology,at present many more reliable.Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1.1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters.With a full-voltage starter design,the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive.Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors.With direct fu11-voltage starters.no control is provided for various conveyor loads and.depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements,empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load.The maintenance-free starting system is simple,low-cost and very reliable.However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque;therefore.they are

机械专业中英文对照(完整版)1

机械专业英语词汇 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams 共轭曲线conjugate curve 范成法generation method 定义域definitional domain 值域range 导数\\微分differential coefficient 求导derivation 定积分definite integral 不定积分indefinite integral 曲率curvature 偏微分partial differential 毛坯rough 游标卡尺slide caliper 千分尺micrometer calipers 攻丝tap 二阶行列式second order determinant 逆矩阵inverse matrix 线性方程组linear equations 概率probability 随机变量random variable 排列组合permutation and combination 气体状态方程equation of state of gas 动能kinetic energy 势能potential energy 机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum 桁架truss 轴线axes 余子式cofactor 逻辑电路logic circuit 触发器flip-flop 脉冲波形pulse shape 数模digital analogy 液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism 机械零件mechanical parts 淬火冷却quench 淬火hardening 回火tempering 调质hardening and tempering 磨粒abrasive grain 结合剂bonding agent 砂轮grinding wheel 后角clearance angle 龙门刨削planing 主轴spindle

(机械制造行业)机械英文翻译

英文翻译 机械设计 一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性,还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 Machine Design The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料。许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用。对产品的功能,它的外观、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的。对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估。 One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. 仔细精确的计算是必要的,以确保设计的有效性。在任何失败的情况下,最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件。计算(图纸尺寸)检查是非常重要的。一个小数点的位置放错,就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败。设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查。 Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. 计算机是一种工具,它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算,并对现有数据提供进一步的分析。互动系统基于计算机的能力,已经使计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)成为了可能。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作,因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作

翻译方法

英译汉 考试的英译汉部分要求把5个难度适中的英语句子翻译成汉语,满分15分。这部分试题考查考生对英语的综合理解和汉语表达能力,对一些英语基础较差的考生来说比较困难,但是这15分也不能“慷慨丢弃”, 必须尽量争取多得分。 从六套模拟试题的翻译题看来,翻译部分句子有几个特点:句子意思完整清楚;句子内容仅涉及一般日常生活或科普知识;句子结构上大多数为简单句,少数为复杂句或并列句;句子长度在6—20个单词左右,基本不涉及太难或生僻词汇。 一、翻译方法:一般分为直译与意译两种: 直译是指在翻译时尽量保持原文的语言表现形式,包括用词、句子结构和比喻手段等,译文要求忠实于原意,语言流畅易懂; 意译指把原文的大意翻译出来即可,可以不注重细节,包括不注重原文的用词、句子结构和比喻,但译文要求自然流畅。 英语基础较好的考生可以尝试兼用两种翻译方法来完成这部分,而基础较差的考生最好以意译为主。 二、如何使用意译翻译句子 对原文的理解是进行翻译的基础和前提,只有正确理解了原文,才能正确表达出原意。因此考生应该首先掌握好英语,记忆足够英语词汇。这里介绍的意译方法只能是让考生在现有状态下尽可能少失分多得分,不是给你在任何情况下都能在翻译部分获得高分的保证。 意译英语句子分四步来完成:

◆A.分析原文句子的结构,如果能确定是简单句,找出句子中的“主-谓(-宾)∕S-V-O”结构; ◆B.根据句子中带有的连接词,确定它是复合句或并列句,并找出两个分句之间的逻辑关系; ◆C. 找出了句子的框架后,再寻找其他修饰语的意思 例1:In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. (Test 5-58) S V O 这句子是个简单句,它的大概意思是“我们…感到…饥渴”,再找出宾语的定语“spiritual”的意思是“精神上的”,“age”是“时代,年代”的意思,“plenty”是“丰裕,富裕”的意思。这样,整句的意思就出来了,“在物质丰裕的年代,我们感到精神上的饥渴”。 如果只知道大概的意思,把句子译为“我们感到饥渴∕饥饿”,料想也能得到一定分数,不会得零分。 例2:Transistors are small in size and light in weight. (Test 4-57) S V O1 O2 这句也是简单句,大概意思是“晶体管体积小重量轻∕晶体管又小又轻∕晶体管小而轻”,如果知道“transistor,small,light”这三个词(尤其是第一个单词)的意思是“晶体管,小的,轻的”的话,有科普知识的人可以找出这三者之间的逻辑关系,把这句话的意思猜出来。 ◆D. 如果是复合句或并列句,一定要找出链接两个分句的连接词,两个分句就是两个简单句,用上面介绍的翻译方法翻译分句,然后再由连接词和其他方面确定两个分句之间的逻辑关系,选择适当的句式翻译整个句子。

机械专业英文翻译

启动轴starting axle 启动齿轮starting gear 启动棘轮starting ratchet wheel 复位弹簧restoring, pull back spring 弹簧座spring seating 摩擦簧friction spring 推力垫圈thrust washer 轴挡圈axle bumper ring 下料filling 切断cut 滚齿机gear-hobbing machine 剪料机material-shearing machine 车床lathe 拉床broaching machine 垂直度verticality, vertical extent 平行度 parallelism同心度 homocentricity 位置度position 拉伤pulling damage 碰伤bumping damage 缺陷deficiency 严重缺陷severe deficiency 摩擦力friction 扭距twist 滑动glide 滚动roll 打滑skid 脱不开can’t seperate 不复位can’t restore 直径diameter M值= 跨棒距test rod span 公法线common normal line 弹性elasticity 频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error 响应response 定位allocation 机床夹具jig 动力学dynamic 运动学kinematic 静力学static 分析力学analyse mechanics 拉伸pulling 压缩hitting 机床machine tool 刀具cutter 摩擦friction 联结link 传动drive/transmission 轴shaft 剪切shear 扭转twist 弯曲应力bending stress 三相交流电three-phase AC 磁路magnetic circles 变压器transformer 异步电动机asynchronous motor 几何形状geometrical 精度precision 正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element 拉孔broaching 装配assembling 加工machining 液压hydraulic pressure 切线tangent 机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 稳定性stability 介质medium 液压驱动泵fluid clutch 液压泵hydraulic pump 阀门valve 失效invalidation 强度intensity 载荷load 应力stress 安全系数safty factor 可靠性reliability 螺纹thread 螺旋helix 键spline 销pin 滚动轴承rolling bearing 滑动轴承sliding bearing 弹簧spring 制动器arrester brake 十字结联轴节crosshead 联轴器coupling 链chain 皮带strap 精加工finish machining 粗加工rough machining 变速箱体gearbox casing 腐蚀rust 氧化oxidation 磨损wear 耐用度durability 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求 technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams 反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding 平面磨削plane grinding 变速箱gearbox 离合器clutch 绞孔fraising 绞刀reamer

机械术语英文翻译

机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ;normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ;Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch

钟平--英汉机械化翻译公式

机械化英语翻译法 ————钟平老师基础版听课笔记 简介:本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维,将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子,但切记:词汇是一切的根本。 一、英语之基本规则 主干先行(主、谓、宾),废话后置(定、状) 二、主干的确定 构成一句话的主要条件是:主语+谓语 1> 谓语:a.划出所有动词;b.排除具有下列条件的动词:从句中的、句首状语、前面无助动词的分词、to do形式(谓语+to do除外,因为它整体作谓语)、活用的动词(如动词当名词用) * 单词的活用能通过运用简单词,让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。例:Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好) You were,are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中) 2> 主语:a.句首的第一个名词性结构; b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。 名词性结构:名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、It+……+从句/to do; 非名词性结构:介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。 3> 宾语:每个谓语后面的名词性结构。 三、复杂英文模式之计算公式: [状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语} 例:[Although not so world widely accepted],people (who are emotionally weak in daily business) are [often] losers {who are not able to fulfil any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure}. 子公式(无宾语模式):[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语] * 宾语后一般都是定语,除非一开始就有表示状语的概念(如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因等) 四、定状的汉化(核心) 1> 前提:分别划出各定状层次,包括:a.分词结构b.从句c.介词短语。 2> 状语的处理 规则1 汉化位置:句子首尾或最近的谓语前面 规则2 倒序 If ①②③④⑤则汉化结果为⑤④③②① 规则3 并列不变序原则 If ①②③④⑤ 如果②、③之间的关系为并列(and)、转折(but)或选择(or),则②、③的顺序不变。即汉化结果为⑤④②③①; 如果②③、④⑤直接存在上述关系,则汉化结果为③②⑤④① 即将②③、④⑤分别看成两个整体,不变序,但内部依旧变序。

机械类英语论文及翻译翻译

High-speed milling High-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die processing has become possible. To shorten the processing cycle, processing and reliable quality assurance, lower processing costs. 1 One of the advantages of high-speed machining High-speed machining as a die-efficient manufacturing, high-quality, low power consumption in an advanced manufacturing technology. In conventional machining in a series of problems has plagued by high-speed machining of the application have been resolved. 1.1 Increase productivity High-speed cutting of the spindle speed, feed rate compared withtraditional machining, in the nature of the leap, the metal removal rate increased 30 percent to 40 percent, cutting force reduced by 30 percent, the cutting tool life increased by 70% . Hardened parts can be processed, a fixture in many parts to be completed rough, semi-finishing and fine, and all other processes, the complex can reach parts of the surface quality requirements, thus increasing the processing productivity and competitiveness of products in the market. 1.2 Improve processing accuracy and surface quality High-speed machines generally have high rigidity and precision, and other characteristics, processing, cutting the depth of small, fast and feed, cutting force low, the workpiece to reduce heat distortion, and high precision machining, surface roughness small. Milling will be no high-speed processing and milling marks the surface so that the parts greatly enhance the quality of the surface. Processing Aluminum when up Ra0.40.6um, pieces of steel processing at up to Ra0.2 ~ 0.4um.

相关主题