初中英语语法-代词讲解

初中英语语法代词

代词：为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。

种类：1) 人称 2) 物主 3) 反身4) 指示 5）不定6) 疑问

7) 相互代词：each other, one another互相，其所有格加-’s

8) 关系代词：which， who，that，whom，whose等引导定语从句

9) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever

10）替代词：one(单数), ones(复数）用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。如：Have you bought any rulers Yes，I 've bought some.

一、人称代词

2.

3. 人称代词的排列顺序（单数231，复数123）

当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时，单数按二、三、一人称排列（即you, he / she, I）；复数按一、二、三人称排列（即we, you, they）。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时，要把说话人（I）放在第一位。

如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

二、物主代词

1. 物主代词的形式

3. 物主代词的特殊用法

在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如：

我的一个朋友a friend of mine , 她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his.

三、反身代词

1. 反身代词的形式

2. 反身代词的句法功能

3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语

①help oneself to 随便吃……②come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉

③dress oneself 自己穿衣服④say to oneself 自言自语

⑤enjoy oneself 玩得开心⑥lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于…之中，消失于

⑦teach oneself 自学⑧look after oneself ⑨by oneself 亲自

learn……by oneself 自学…leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下hurt oneself 伤了自己

make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束

四、指示代词

1. that 用来代替前面提到的不可数名词，those代替复数名词。

The weather today is finer than that yesterday.

The students in this school are different from those in that one.

2. 打电话时，用that询问对方是谁，用this介绍自己。This is Jack speaking. Is that Mrs Black speaking 说明：

That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

(错) He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人）

(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）

五、疑问代词

疑问代词有who ，whom ，whose ，what 和which 等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）

如：

说明1：

无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what 所指的范围是无限的，而which 则指在

一定的范围内，例如：

Which girls do you like best 你喜欢哪几个姑娘 What girls do you like best 你喜欢什么样的姑娘 说明2：

Whom 是who 的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who 代替，但在介词

后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m) did you meet on the street 你在街上遇到了谁（作动词宾语）

Who(m) are you taking the book to 你要把这书带给谁（作介词宾语，置句首）

To whom did you speak on the campus 你在校园里和谁讲话了（作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who 取代。）

六、不定代词：

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both ，each ，

every 等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody ， something ，no one 。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语， 但none 和由some ，any ，no 等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every 和no 只能作定语。如：

-- Do you have a car --你有一辆小汽车吗 -- Yes ，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。 -- I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。

辨析：

辨析：

1. one，that 和it

one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定) 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物) 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把

它放在哪了。

2. .anyone/any one

anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。

one/nobody， none和no

a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。

None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

-- Did any one call me up just now --刚才有人打电话给我吗-- No one. --没有。

b) none用法相当于名词，一般作主语、宾语。作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词

只能是单数。

None of the problems is/ are easy to solve. None of the milk was left.

c) no one一般回答who，含anyone，anybody的疑问句。Is there anyone in the room – No one.

none回答how many/much及含any+名词的疑问句。

How many students are there in the classroom – None.

How much money do you have – None.

Is there any water in the bottle -None.

d）no只有形容词性质，修饰不可数或可数名词。 no=not any eg. There are no books for her.

no=not a 用于连系动词后，语气很强。 The girl was no beauty. 这姑娘才不漂亮呢。

no+doing 用于讲稿·警告、命令等标识。 No smoking!

no 可修饰其他句子成分。No boy at the school have ever seen the sea.

4. both，either both←→neither both部分否定，neither全部否定。 both与复数连用，either与单

数连用。

Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。

There are flowers on both sides of the street. There are flowers on either side of the street.

路边长满了野花。

5. all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。

none←→all 。all 部分否定，none全部否定。

All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。 I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。

All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。

6. “the”的作用

他是帮我的学生之一。He is one of the students who help me. 第一句定语从句与the students 一致。 He is the one of the students who helps me. 第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

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