中级口译之英汉翻译一.ppt.Convertor
翻译
Irene Ren
fangren2004@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b0184521.html,
Contents
E-C translation
C-E translation
发音
语言知识词汇
语法
听
说
语言技能读
写
译
山穷水尽
柳暗花明
秋后算账
王国维
《人间词话》（1908）
古今之成大事业、大学问者，必经过三种之境界：
第一境界
"昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼，望尽天涯路。"此第一境也。
第二境界
“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。”此第二境也。
第三境界
"众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。"此第三境也。Contents
翻译的标准
直译和意译
英译汉：
增词与减词
转换与变性
分句与合句
具体与抽象
正译与反译
Contents
汉译英：
其他成分的确定
语序的调整
长句的翻译
无主句的翻译
存现句的翻译
兼语句的翻译
被动句的翻译
否定句的翻译
“是”字句的翻译
“把”字句的翻译
ruienzhongjikouyi@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b0184521.html,
密码：20102010
Contents
翻译的标准
英译汉技巧
Teaching Procedure
原文
分析
试译
讲评
2-3分钟
翻译的标准
严复
信Faithfulness
达Smoothness
雅Elegance
傅雷
熊掌与鱼，忠实于原文内容还是形式？
“得其精而忘其粗，在其内而忘其外”
“重神似不重形似”
翻译的标准，有“神似”和“形似”。
翻译就像临摹绘画，简单的临摹重复只是最低标准。如果能够根据画中的主旨和意境做到“形神兼备”，则是大匠之作。
因此，翻译形式只是形式，而翻译的效果才是真正的目的地。
钱钟书
翻译的最高标准是”化“。翻译作品其实也是原著的”投胎转世“，从内容、思想、风格、感情色彩，甚至修辞手法上都要继承原著的特色。
化境指把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而路出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于‘化境’
翻译的操作标准
流畅/通顺smoothness
忠实来自理解
After repeated failure and disappointments he was determined to throw up the sponge, but continued perseverance finally brought success.
多次的失败和失望险些让他自暴自弃，但是坚持不懈的努力最终给他带来了成功。
The passenger declared that he had lost his ticket, but the inspector suspected that he was trying it on, and that actually he had not paid his fare.
这位顾客声称丢掉了车票，检票员怀疑他实际上没有买票，想蒙混过关。
If he refuses to take my advice on this occasion, as he has done so often before, I shall wash my hands of the affair, and he can fend for himself.
如果他此时像往常那样拒不接受我的建议，我将不再插手这件事，他可自行处理。
过去的一年，全国人民按照“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的方针，团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得了重大成就。
“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”
（通过）抓住机遇，（以便）深化改革（和）扩大开放
促进发展
保持稳定
过去的一年，全国人民按照“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的方针，团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得了重大成就。
In the past, guided by the principle of “seizing the current opportunity to deepen the reform and open China wider to the outside world, promoting development and maintaining stability,” the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.
理解如何而来？
语感
悟性
语法分析：长句的翻译
上下文分析：词义的理解
通顺来自表达
I have a cousin who knows the younger brother of the richest people of the town.
我有一个表哥，他认识镇上最有钱的人的弟弟。
He is a good eater and good sleeper.
他是一个好的吃者和好的睡者。
他能吃能睡。
In the door way lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
门口放着至少十二把各种颜色和各种尺寸的伞。
门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。
直译和意译
直译：就是既保留原文的内容，又保留原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
意译，就是保留原文的内容，不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
中级口译中，大多数场合只要译出基本意思就可以了，但是在少数场合需要使用意译。
There is no way of proving this point. (1997年考题)
直译：现在没有办法证明这一点。
意译：这一点不置可否。
An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place of work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. (2003年考题)
直译：一个企业如果具备公开的沟通渠道，公司上级、下级、同级之间传递正确的、诚实的信息，比起那些试图限制信息流通、歪曲甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效率，并是一个更适宜于工作的地方。
意译：一个企业如果具备坦诚的沟通模式和全方位的诚信信息，比起那些试图封闭信息、曲解甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效能，并更适宜于工作。
Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. (2000年考题)
直译：限制沟通和曲解信息是企业缺乏远见的前兆。
意译：限制沟通和曲解信息使企业逐渐成为井底之蛙。
Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines.
直译：智囊团和大学中的研究机构是非赢利性组织，为不同学术领域的专家提供了环境。
意译：智囊团和大学中的研究机构是非赢利性组织，为不同学术领域的专家提供了舞台。
countries from Brazil to South Korea. (2003年考题)
直译：那些国家对进口需求很大，刺激了美国和一些所谓的新兴市场国家，诸如巴西、韩国。
意译：那些国家热衷于进口，确实给美国和一些所谓的新兴市场国家诸如巴西、韩国打了一针强心剂。
本届会议将围绕”新世纪、新挑战：参与、合作、促进共同发展“的主题，审议5个方面的议题，以期促进亚太地区和全球贸易的发展。(2001年考题)
直译：This meeting will discuss the topic of “new century, new challenge: participate, cooperate and promote common prosperity”covering 5 areas with a view to enhancing the development of economy and trade between the Asia-Pacific region and the rest world.
意译：This meeting will, centering around the theme of “Meeting new challenges in the new century: achieving common prosperity through participation and cooperation”, reviewing the agenda under 5 heads with a view to promoting the economic and trade development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.
因为从市民的衣、食、住、行消费来讲，住房是一个重要的因素，而且占了大头。(2002年考题)
直译：Among the basic necessities of life --- food, clothing, shelter and transportation, housing is an important elements, accounting for a majority in the money they spend.
意译：Among the basic necessities of life --- food, clothing, shelter and transportation, housing is an important element, accounting for a lion?s share in the money they spend.
转性与变态
转换词性是突破原文词法、句法格局，化阻滞为通达的方法。离开必要的词性转换，势必会导致生硬拗口、晦涩难懂的译文。转换词性的原则是不能违背原文的意思，有助于译文的通顺流畅。
从理论上讲，翻译中的词性转换时没有限制的
名词
动词、形容词、副词
词性转换的基本规律
英语较多使用名词和介词
汉语较多使用动词
The happiness of having such a sister-in-law was their effusion, and the fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy.
她们首先倾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悦，两位小姐高兴地一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花。
Effusion: 从名词到动词
Embrace: 从名词到动词
Tears of joy: 从名词到动词
Tess?s pride would not allow her to turn head, to learn what her father?s meaning was, if he had any…
苔丝出于自尊，不愿再回头看父亲在搞什么名堂，如果他真的有什么名堂的话……
It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they always have been, they seem less likely to be ashamed.
我相信，人们虽然没有未必比以前还要不讲道德，但似乎要比以前更加不知羞耻。
Conviction: 从名词到动词
I saw that his face was pale. I followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drink before some customers.
我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的眼光，看到餐厅那边有个女人端着托盘给几位客人上饮料。
Father passed his hand over his face.
父亲用手摸了摸脸。
Practice:名词到动词
Dolphins are social animals and love company.
海豚是群居动物，爱结群。
Brain size is not an absolute measure of intelligence.
脑容量并不能绝对衡量聪明程度。
To help the panel in their selection, an interview assessment form is often used during the interview.
为了帮助面试小组作出选择，在面试中经常使用面试评定表。
They want to get market share.
他们想分享市场。
My sight of sick Mom reminded me of the summer of 1981 when Granny was ill.
望着病中的妈妈，我想起了1981年夏天奶奶生病的情景。
After China?s entry into the WTO, there are more and more opportunities for foreign businessmen to join in the development of the West.
中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会越来越多。
For the convenience of the passengers, Shenzhen Airport Administration set up 4 change rooms.
深圳机场为了方便旅客，设置了4间更衣室。
Practice: 动词到名词
That?s why the stage appealed to her.
这就是为什么讲坛对她有如此的吸引力。
Practice: 名词到形容词/副词
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
这些国家呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，只有极少数国家会两极分化，要么极端贫穷，要么极端富有。Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy-formation groups.
有了基金会的资助和政府的合约保护，这些专家能够为政策的制定提供源源不断的新思维。
Practice: 介词到动词
One way an organization can find a staff for job vacancies is to recruit outside the company.
企业组织找人补充职位空缺的办法之一是外部招聘。
She was a tireless activist for racial and sexual equality.
她是一个孜孜不倦的活动家，呼吁种族和男女平等。
增词与减词
增词不增义，减词不减义，文字更加通顺。
1）根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言习惯，在表达时增加原文字面上没有，但是意思上却包含的字词。
2）增补原文句法上的省略成分。
The human brain weighs three pounds, but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells.
人脑只有三磅重，但就在这三磅物质中，却包含了一百亿个神经细胞，以及一千亿个更小的细胞。
The difference between me and these daughters was that they saw me, because of my sex, as destined from birth to become like their fathers, and therefore as an enemy to their desires.
我和这些女儿们的分歧在于：由于性别的缘故，她们认为我生来注定要成为他们父亲那样的人，因而也就成为妨碍她们实现自己愿望的敌人。
Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure, few, if any, had all.
她们有的长着漂亮的眼睛，有的生着俏丽的鼻子，有的有着妩媚的嘴巴、婀娜的身段；但是，这样样都有的，虽然不能说一个没有，却也是寥寥无几。
I felt madly in love with her, and she with me.
我疯狂地爱上了她，她也疯狂地爱上了我。
纽马克：翻译需要讲求简洁流畅。因此，做翻译时要学会省略。
The Harrow custom of calling roll is different from that of Eton.
哈罗公学的点名方式跟伊顿公学有所不同。
On August 16, 1983, they started for the South to seek their fortune.
1983年8月16日，他们动身去南方寻求生路。
“Contrary, then,” answered another, in deep but softened tones. “And now, kiss me, for learning so well.”
“那好，相反，”另一个人以深沉而柔和的语调答道。“那就亲亲我吧，我学得这么用心”
Practice: 增词
Her main message was and is, “We’re like everybody else. We’re here to be able to live a life as full as any sighted person’s. and it’s O.K. to be ourselves.”(99年考题)
她传递的信息过去是、今天仍然是，“我们和别人一样。我们在这个世界上能够成为和视力正常的人一样过上充实的生活。我们成为盲人没有什么不好。”
Less understood (at least in the United States) is the fact that the Europe’s troubles stem significantly from Germany. (03年考题)
但有一点全世界（至少美国）搞不太清楚，即欧洲国家的经济问题主要是由德国引起的。
Usually, in Japan, when people discuss the war at all, they speak of victimization: their own victimization by the militarists who led their country into battle and by the Americans who bombed their cities. (99年考题)
通常在日本，只要一提到战争，就会降到受害，讲他们是军国主义的受害者，军国主义把国家引入战争；他们是美国的受害者，美国向他们的城市投掷了原子弹。
Germany is Europe’s “sick man”, just as Japan is Asia’s. (03年考题)
德国式欧洲的病根，就像日本史亚洲的病根一样。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
这些国家呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，只有极少数国家会两极分化，要么极端贫穷，要么极端富有。
The inevitable collapse of America’s speculative boom need not have been especially damaging if the world’s other advanced economies were healthy. (03年考题)
如果世界上其他发达经济体良好，即使美国投机热不可避免地覆灭，也不会带来特别的危害。
Internet radio does not only mean competition but also great opportunities. (98年考题)
互联网电台的出现不仅意味着竞争，同时也提供了巨大的机遇。
The Chicago company’s television-manufacturing division had been large and profitable in the 1960s. (01年考题)
在20世纪60年代，其在芝加哥的电视制造公司规模大，利润高。
Practice: 减词
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China. The rest of the world will be divided between the Europe-American countries, and the two big peripheral powers, Japan and Russia. (01年考题)
缘势力国家，日本和俄罗斯。
Between you and me and the post, Jack will take over this father?s business.
这是咱们私下里说的话，杰克将接管他老爸的公司。
Although its sound quality is far from perfect, it excels that of short-wave. (98年考题)
虽然互联网广播的音质远非完善，但却胜于短波（的音质）。
One shall pay for what one has said.
一言既出，自负其咎。
We can not discover any material in an element but itself.
在一个元素里，除了元素本身外，不可能再发现其他物质。
I went home, and found the babysitter dead.
我回家，发现保姆死了。
If you cheat in the exam, you will be deprived off your Bachelor?s degree.
考试作弊，你就会被剥夺学士学位。
The pooled wisdom is superior to the wisdom of a single individual.
集体智慧胜于个人的智慧。
Each and every man has a duty to guard the public health.
保持公共卫生，人人有责。
There are plenty of opportunities to attend the community events and volunteer your service.
参与社区活动以及提供志愿服务的机会多得很。
To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned it even harder.
学习不容易，应用更不容易。
正译和反译
正反译法就是把原文的肯定语气翻成否定语气，或把原文的否定语气反译成肯定语气的翻译，目的在于译文的流畅。
正话反说
In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. (00)
But if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. (00)
但如果成年以后还没有学外语，母语的一些特征就会根深蒂固。
Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine grind of daily work. (03)
然而这些人员与工程师还有所不同——他们不需从事繁重的日常例行工作。
反话正说
It is not uncommon to hear of dolphins giving rides through the water to humans. (97)
海豚在水中供人骑乘之事也是常有所闻的。
By the early 1970s, however, high cost and a rising tide of inexpensive Japanese TVs were taking a heavy toll. （01）
但在20世纪70年代初，高成本以及日本廉价电视机日趋上升的势头使其遭受重创。
Practice
I knew her before I ever met your mother.
我没遇到你妈妈之前就认识她了。
They were of course all intending to be surprised; but their astonishment was beyond their expectation.
当然大家都做好了惊讶的准备，但却没有料到会惊讶到这个地步。
抽象与具体
西方人喜欢抽象，而中国人喜欢具体。英语中有许多表示抽象概念的名词，翻译时要经历一个从抽象到具体的过程。
同时，原文中比较具体的概念也可以化为抽象。
抽象——具体
Economy: 经济---经济体，经济规模
Risk: 危险---危险性
Importance: 重要---重要性
Profile: 材料---个人材料
Management: 管理---管理部门，管理层
Broadcasting: 广播---广播节目
Independence: 独立---独立性
Translation: 翻译---翻译作品
加字法
Family: 家庭---家庭成员
Class: 班级---班级成员
Committee: 委员会---委员会成员
Short-range thinking: 目光短浅的思考---鼠目寸光，井底之蛙
Economic shift: 经济转变---经济东风
Every timid: 非常胆小---胆小如鼠
集合名词法
集体---个体
比喻法
Act in concert: 协力行动---齐心协力
Keep workers in the dark: 让员工不知道---让员工蒙在鼓里
Special organized programs of instruction: 制定的程序和计划---繁文缛节
Mass prosperity: 普遍繁荣---欣欣向荣
Very important: 很重要---举足轻重
Very anxious to return home: 回家心切---归心似箭
成语法
Prices drop because there?s too little global demand chasing too much global supply --- everything from steel to shoes.
从钢铁业到鞋业，全球需求急剧萎缩，而供给源源不断，从而导致商品价格下跌。
Only 15 years ago, these countries seemed poised to assume leadership of the world economy. Now they are dragging it down.
仅仅15年前，这些国家曾信誓旦旦地想要扛起全球经济的领导大旗，但现在却在拖后腿。
具体---抽象
Get the green light: 得到允许
In weal or woe: 同甘共苦
Show the white feather: 示弱
Blow one’s own trumpet: 自吹自擂
Pull the strings: 幕后操纵
It doesn’t hold water: 一点也站不住脚
The free flow goods and ideas is bringing to life the concept of a global village.
商品和观念的自由交流正在激发/促进地球村概念的形成。
Practice:
We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity, and in confronting threats that respects no borders --- terrorism and drug trafficking, disease and environmental destruction.
缔造和平与繁荣，抵制不分国界的诸多威胁---恐怖主义、贩毒、疾病和环境破坏，这些与我们大家有着密切的关系。
语篇翻译实践及其讲解
Benjamin Franklin
How does one characterize Benjamin Franklin? Journalist, scientist, educator, politician, writer, administrator, philosopher --- he truly seemed to be able to do almost everything. His accomplishments and the talents and interests which he displayed during the course of his long life --- 1706 to 1790 --- have caused him to be called both “the first American” and “the last universal man”.
Historian Samuel Eliot Morison gives this view of the man: “Franklin?s secret, the thing that …made him tick? and pulled every aspect of his mind together, was hi s love of people. He talked with English and French statesmen as an equal; he was as homely and comfortable as an old shoe.” Morison even speculated that if we had been alive in 1776 and had made a call upon Benjamin Franklin, he would have made us feel at home. He would have asked about our parents, and probably would have known them, or at least about them; he would then have asked us about ourselves, drawn us out, and sent us away with some good advice, a handshake, and a smile.
How does one characterize Benjamin Franklin? Journalist, scientist, educator, politician, writer, administrator, philosopher --- he truly seemed to be able to do almost everything. His accomplishments and the talents and interests which he displayed during the course of his long life --- 1706 to 1790 --- have caused him to be called both “the first American” and “the last universal man”.
我们如何来描述富兰克林呢？记者、科学家、教育家、作家、管理专家、哲学家——他似乎真的是无所不能。在他漫长的生命历程中（1706---1790年），他取得的成就和展现出的非凡才能和广泛兴趣，使他赢得了“美国第一人”和“最后一个通人”的称号。
Historian Samuel El itot Morison gives this view of the man: “Franklin?s secret, the thing that …made him tick? and pulled every aspect of his mind together, was his love of people. He talked with English and French statesmen as an equal; he was as homely and comfortable as a n old shoe.” Morison even speculated that if we had been alive in 1776 and had made a call upon Benjamin Franklin, he would have made us feel at home. He would have asked us about ourselves, drawn us out, and sent us away with some good advice, a handshake, and a smile.
历史学家萨缪尔·埃利特·莫里森这样评价富兰克林：“富兰克林成功的秘密——令他如此具有活力并将他的心智的各个方面聚集在一起的东西——是他对人民的热爱。他以平等的身份与英国和法国的政治家交谈；他就像一只穿旧的鞋子，让人感到普通而舒适。”莫里森甚至推断，如果我们生活在1776年，并且登门拜访本杰明·富兰克林，他会让我们感到宾至如归。他会问问我们的情况，鼓励我们，临别时还会给我们一些忠告，微笑着和我们道别。
泰坦尼克号
After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to come alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1 500 passengers to their deaths, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.
Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollar ds, peering into the officer?s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crew members stood evoked images of the moonless night 74 years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.
After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship
maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1 500 passengers to their deaths, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.
一艘巨轮在碰撞断裂沉入海底锈蚀达四分之三个世纪之后，似乎又恢复了生机。白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中因撞上了冰山而沉没，船上1500多名乘客遇难。此后关于她的种种传说便在各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌曲中广为流传。但是上星期这类传说突然间变成了现实。当世界上千百万人观看这艘巨轮的录像和照片时，他们都能体会到那艘船巨大的体积，感受到他可怕的静寂，领略到过去一个时代的辉煌业绩被毁坏后的景象。
Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officer?s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crew members stood evoked images of the moonless night 74 years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.
电视观众们似乎身临其境跟着潜水船阿尔文号和机器人探测器小贾森号一起巡视这艘豪华巨轮的残骸：一起漫步甲板，越过已被锈蚀的系船柱，凝视高级船员的住舱，透过挂满铁锈的舷窗往里看。见到船上的那些栏杆会让人想起74年前巨轮沉入水中的那个月黑之夜的景象，当时那些即将遇难的乘客和船员也曾站在这些栏杆旁。
北语网院20春《英汉／汉英翻译》作业_1答案
(单选)1：She does not photograph well. A：她不上镜。 B：他不爱照相。 正确答案：A (单选)2：随着人数的增加，他们力量也增加了。 A：As the increse of the number, their power is increased B： Their power increased with their number. 正确答案：B (单选)3：We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frost＇s familiar poem, they are not equally fair. A：我们站在两条路的岔路口，但是不像罗伯特熟悉的诗里那样，并不是同样的公平 B：我们正处在两条路的分岔口。但是并不像我们所熟悉的罗伯特的诗中所说的，这两条路是同样的好 正确答案：B (单选)4：I don＇t know how far I didn＇t run. A：我不知道跑了多远 B：我不知道还有多远我没有跑。 正确答案：A (单选)5：质量服务月 A：Quality Service Month B：Quantity Service Month 正确答案：A (单选)6：无事不登三宝殿。 A：I wouldn’t come to you if I hadn’t something to ask of you. B：I wouldn’t come to you if I hadn’t something for you. 正确答案：A (单选)7：Little remains to be said. A：简直没有什么可说的了 B：还能说一点。 正确答案：A (单选)8：ginger beer A：姜汁啤酒 B：姜汁汽水 正确答案：A (单选)9：走马观花 A：to appreciate flowers on a running horse
英语翻译模拟试题
英语翻译模拟试题 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的
(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析
（英语）英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
英文翻译练习作业
英文翻译练习（一） The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.
英语翻译题20套(带答案)
英语翻译题20套(带答案) 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the din ing room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits
英语翻译题目及答案
1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4）每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起，享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为，悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反，乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时，把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前，要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望，因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个，但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚，却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you
英语翻译作业
Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。
北语20春《英汉／汉英翻译》作业1答案
20春《英汉／汉英翻译》作业1 试卷总分:100 得分:100 一、单选题(共15 道试题,共75 分) 1.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. A.只有聪明的人才不会范错误 B.再聪明的人也会范错误。 答案:B 2.I＇m not a little afraid of snakes. A.我一点也不怕蛇 B.我非常怕蛇。 答案:B 3.He is a Napoleon of finance. A.他是金融界的拿破仑 B.他是金融界的巨头。 答案:B 4.I don＇t know how far I didn＇t run. A.我不知道跑了多远 B.我不知道还有多远我没有跑。 答案:A 5.中国政府决定，要用3年左右时间使大多数国有企业走出困境。 A.The Chinese government has decided to take about three years to extricate most state-owned enterprises from their difficulties B.Chinese government decides to help most national enterprises going out obstacle with about 3 years. 答案:A 6.You can never be too careful about English-Chinese translation A.作英译汉时，不能太仔细 B.作英译汉时，越仔细越好。 答案:B 7.在这个紧要关头，我们尤其不该为了已经无法挽回的事情相互埋怨。 A.At a critical time we especially should not blame one for what has already happened B.The last thing we should do at this crucial moment is blaming one another for what can not be undone. 答案:B 8.The burning question of my childhood had been richly answered. A.我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答 B.我儿童时代在心中燃烧的问题，终于得到了充分的回答。
英语翻译题目和答案
汉译英专项练习 一、倍数增减的表示法 5 1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍). is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+ than） 2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数+ as +形容词/副词+ as） 3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍). is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数+名词） 4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一). wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词+ by +数词/百分比/倍数） 5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍). plan to double their investment （考点：double +名词） 二、时态6 1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了). the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假). my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历). have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了). No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been…since sb. did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了). He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态5 1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代). is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版). will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时）
英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析
英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 2．事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 3．乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create）4．追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when） 【答案】 1．Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2． It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4． The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译，用括号所给的词将中文翻译成英文。翻译要注意句子的时态和语法的运用。 1．考查祈使句。祈使句 + and/or，前面的祈使句表示条件，or或and引导的分句表示结果这里表示转折关系，故用or。故答案为Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2．考查名词性从句。翻译时句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为从句thatkeeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases.，从句翻译时要注意动名词作主语。故答案为It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．考查动词。翻译时注意短语be busy doing忙于做……，时态用一般现在时。故答案为Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4．考查定语从句。先行词为times，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故答案为The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．即使天气再热，也不要整天待在空调房间里。(stay) 2．一旦一个人学会了换位思考，就表明他正在走向成熟。(indicate) 3．直到他听了那个讲座才意识到自己对于该领域的知识是如此的匮乏。(It)
英汉翻译作业(5) 参考译文
邀请名人做广告，只要商品确实是货真价实，名人又愿意，这应该是广告技巧的上策，会产生很强的名人效应。但是商品质量差，广告又言过其实，又请名人做广告，这种广告一时也会产生一些好的影响，但最终是砸了自己的牌子，也塌了名人台，影响名人的信誉，因此名人在接受时要慎之又慎。请名人做广告，付给的报酬高得惊人，而一些名人尤其是政界和科学界的名流往往不肯抛头露面。这样西方国家的一些广告商便在平民中千方百计物色酷似名流的人来做广告，甚至被弄去参加开业典礼或者开张剪裁以招徕生意。局外人往往不明真相而受蒙骗。正因为真假难分，名人替身常遭不测。 To invite those eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best ad strategies and could of course, produce a spectacular VIP effect, provided that those eminent persons are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the commodities to be advertised are genuine and their prices fair. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the ad is full of words lavishing praise on it. If, under such a circumstance, an eminent person comes to help make the ad, the ad could, if anything, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the commodity in question notorious and more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. It is precisely for this reason that the eminent persons are well advised to think more than twice before agreeing to appear on a commercial. Despite the fact that an eminent person could be paid a staggering sum of money after he or she helps make a commercial ad, some eminent persons, those in political and scientific circles in particular, are averse to public exposures. As a result, some advertisers in Western countries have had to try every means possible to scout among the populace at large men or women that are very copies of the eminent persons they are after. Once recruited, an eminent person’s substitute, apart from appearing on an ad, is often made to show up on certain high profile occasions, such as opening ceremonies or ribbon cutting ceremonies, with a view to soliciting customers. Outsiders, unable to distinguish a real eminent person from his substitute, are usually taken in. However, not every hired substitute is lucky. Some of them may become victims of unexpected attacks aimed at the real eminent persons and suffer unfortunately, for them. Work Produced against the grain and in marginality by George Steiner in After Babel: This book was written under somewhat difficult circumstances .I was at the time increasingly marginalized and indeed isolated within the academic community. This is not ,necessarily, a handicap. Tenure in the academy today ,the approval of one’s professional peers, the assistance and laurels in their giving, are not infrequently symptoms of opportunism and mediocre conventionality. A degree of exclusion, of compelled apartness, may be one of the conditions of valid work. In the humanities,in the disciplines of intuitive discourse, committees, colloquia, the conference circuit are the bane. Nothing is more ludicrous than the roll-call of academic colleagues and sponsors set out in grateful footnotes at the bottom of trivia. In poetics ,in philosophy, in hermeneutics, work worth doing will more often than not be produced against the grain and in marginality.