初中英语语法专题--副词

初中英语语法专题--副词

一、副词定义：

1. 用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词

2. 用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词

二、副词的分类

畐恫按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、

连接副词、关系副词等。初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。

考点一副词的分类与位置

1、表频率的副词

常见的频率畐U词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom它们一般在行为动词之前，

系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，

①He always goes to school on foot.

②She has n ever bee n to Beiji ng.

③She is ofte n late for work.

2、表示方式的副词

与方式相关的副词，女口safely,quietly,quickly , politely loudly , luckily , happily , easily , carefully , slowly , suddenly 以及fast,late,hard,early 等。

此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。

①The childre n are dancing happily.

②They work hard.

③The stude nts did their homework carefully.

3 ?程度副词

与程度相关的畐U词有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, too …for, too …to do, well, almost, even, a little , eno ugh , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, n early , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit 等。

它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但en ough要放在被修饰的词后面。

①I can hardly know her n ame.

②The cake is so delicious

③He was badly hurt .

④ He worked hard eno ugh. 4?表时间、地点、方向的副词

(1) 与时间相关的副词有 ：ago ‘already, before, early, Ion g, late, just, now, once, soon, since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet 等。 它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如： already 等。

① They ' ll come back soon.

② They have fini shed the work already.=They have already fini shed the work. (2) 与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。 outside, in side , upstair ,here ,there ,home, n ear, come back , turn left, go out

三、副词的考点

考点1、副词的用法和位置 1) .修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。 ① He walked quietly i nto his bedroom. ② It is rai ning hard .

2) .修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。

①You have a very nice watch. ②The machine is to￡ heavy. 3) .修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。 You walked too. slowly, I couldn ' t wait for you.

4) 有时候也修饰整个句子 Unfortunately ， he was out. 考点2、副词的构成：

polite--politely, wide--widely, Safe--safely, extreme-- extremely

recent ——recen tly sad — sadly clear — clearly final ——fin ally careful--- carefully, Silent ——sile ntly (2)以辅音字母加

y 结尾的形容词需改

happy-- happily,

heavy-- heavily, easy

real — really kind- - kin dly, peaceful---peacefully

Safe---safely

y 为i 加ly 变成副词

-easily, lucky--- luckily, angry---an

grily,

(1)多数形容词+ly 变成副词.大多数副词以ly 结尾 (3)形容词不去e 加ly 变来的副词

slow---slowly

(4)形容词需去e加ly变来的副词

True - Truly, gen tie ---ge ntly, comfortable-- comfortably

possible---possibly simple --simply terrible---terribly

特殊：good （形容词）一well （副词）好地（well adj身体健康的）

考点3、副词的比较等级

副词的比较等级构成

1?规则变化

3副词比较等级的用法

1. "（not）as/so +副词原级+ as ”。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如:

You don 'get up so/as early as I.你没我起得早。

2. “ as +副词原级+ as possible/ one can "。这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。例如：Please get here as soon as

possible/you can.请尽快赶至U这儿来。

3. “副词比较级+ than ”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：

Mike works more carefully than Jack. 迈克工作比杰克细心。

4?“副词比较级+ and + (同一)副词比较级”。表示越来越、、、例如：

He ran faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。

5. “ the +副词比较级，the +副词比较级”。这一结构表示“越、、、就越、、、”例如：

The better I kn ew him, the more I like him. 我越了解他，就越喜欢他。

6. “副词最高级+比较范围”。这一结构中，

例如: 比较范围常为含有介词in, of或among的短语。

He studies (the) hardest amo ng the boys. 在那群男生里，他学习最用功。

考点4、易错知识点辨析

1. 兼有两种形式的副词

1) close 与closely

close意思是"近"；closely意思是"仔细地"

① He is sitti ng close to me. ② Watch him closely.

2) late 与lately

late意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"

① You have come too late. ② What have you bee n doing lately?

3) deep 与deeply

deep意思是”深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地”

① He pushed the stick deep into the mud. ② Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4) high 与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

① The pla ne was flying high. ② I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide 与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地”，"在许多地方”

① He ope ned the door wide. ② En glish is widely used in the world.

6) free 与freely

free的意思是"免费” ；freely的意思是”无限制地”

① You can eat free in my restaura nt whe never you like. ② You may speak freely; say what you like.

2. 几组易混副词

1、hard和hardly的区别

(一) 、hard可用作形容词或副词：

1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：

① It' s hard for old people to change their ways. ②Steel is harder than wood.

2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：

① Does Tom work hard at his lessons? ② It' s raining hard outside now. Don ' t go out.

（二）、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：

① I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. ②My father hardly ever watches TV.

2、much too 和too much 区另U

（一）（too） much 中心词是much

1. 相当于形容词，意为“ more than enough” ,用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。女口:

① America ns eat too much meat in my opi nion .② I dra nk too much cola last ni ght .

③The work is too much for her . ④ She's afraid the trip will be too much for me .

2. 相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如：

①Too much was happening all at once .② You have given me too much .

3. 相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：

① You work too much . ② She talks too much .

（二）（much） too 中心词为too

much too的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但

不修饰动词。如：

① You are much too kind to me . ② It's much too cold . ③ You are driving much too fast .

【练习】1.we should not eat junk food ___ .

A.too much

B.much too

C.too many

D.much too

2. it's __ hot in august in Nanjing .

A .ma ny too

B . much too

C . very too

D .to much

3. We don't have __ time to work every year.

A much too

B so many

C too much

D too many

答案1---3 ABC

四、also ,too, as well ,either, neither 意思区另U

Also 表示"也"是比较正式的用词，also 一般用于句子中，其位置在行为动词之前，动词to be之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。

too

是普通用词，口语中用的多,too常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。

注意:also,too只能用于肯定句。

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##教育6T教材系列 一般现在时专题 时间：年月日老师电话：一、兴趣导入 猜一猜 人的一生有三天，是哪三天？ 答案：昨天、今天、明天 二、学前测试 选择题。 ( ) 1 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( )2. What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 3. -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 4 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. Leaves C. leaf D. leave ( )5. She hasn't brought ____ book with her. Will you lend her ____? A. hers, your B. her, your C. hers, yours D. her, yours ( )6. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A.an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an ( )7. My sister is a student of ________. A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First ( )8. The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 三、知识讲解 【No. 1】一般现在时的定义及构成 1.定义：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。

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