如何写好高考英语作文基础写作

如何写好高考英语作文----基础写作

蔡朝焜纪念中学叶春华

摘要：英语基础写作在高考命题中对学生是相对较难的部分，他考察考生综合运用语言的能力。试题要求考生根据所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料。笔者根据自己对学生的写作策略进行指导，通过本文介绍了英语写作的重要性，并对如何提高英语基础写作进行了探讨。

关键词：基础写作基本功写作策略写作实践

英语写作（书面表达）是高中阶段英语教学的核心内容之一，是高考考核的重要内容。能否运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行书面思想交流，是书面表达能力高低的体现。试题要求考生根据所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料。但他并非要求考生按照“提示”逐句翻译，而是要求考生在充分领会提示的“前提”下，用自己的语言，组织成一篇内容充实、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。那么高中生如何培养自己的写作能力?在高考中如何能得心应手地写出篇好作文呢?我觉得首先要解决好以下三个问题。

一、练好扎实的基本功

第一、首先要调动学生主动学习的积极性。有的学生对此弱项抱舍弃态度，情愿把精力放在其他方面，也不愿花过多的时间和精力来提高自己的写作能力。

所以要先教书育人，把外语学习与理想和目标教育联系起来教育学生，使他们充分认识到学好外语是时代的要求，是培养跨世纪人才的需要。只有学好外语，才能更好地运用这一交际工具为祖国现代化服务，从而树立为国、为民而学的远大理想和奋斗目标，使学生产生持久的动力，保持长久的、旺盛的精力。这样才能提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性，推动语言运用能力的持续提高。

第二、要加强词汇、语法、句型教学及操练。要打好语言能力基础，词汇量是写作的基本建筑材料之一。得心应手地遣词造句，对于表达文章的思想内容和风格特点具有重要的作用。词汇量不足或掌握得不好，都会给写作带来困难。因而，在进行词汇教学时，教师不仅要教足词汇量，还要讲清楚每个词的每个意义

的使用条件、用法及搭配关系，进行典型同义词、近义词比较，点出构词法等。在通过例句说明的同时，让学生模仿造句，使学生真正掌握其用法及语义特点。学生只有在较好地掌握了充足词汇量的基础上，写作时才能做到随心所欲地选择适合文章主体和风格的词、意义确切的词、表达清晰和生动的词、形象具体的词，以及符合英语惯用法的词，以达到较好的表达效果。另外，语法规则与句型，是英语写作必备的另一种重要建筑材料。学生在初、高中已经学过基本语法知识与句型，由于缺乏操练，并没有很好地掌握。因此，在教学实践中，还必须加强基础语法与句型的训练，同时注重汉译英与造句练习。句子是作文的基本单位，一个句子表达一个完整的思想。成功的作文是由清晰的、合乎语法规则的句子组成的。所以，加强词汇教学，注重语法与句型操练，打好句子基础，是提高写作水平的重要环节。

第三，努力创造课内外的语言环境，学生的各项语言技能是相互依存、相互促进的。教师在课堂上组织教学的过程就是与学生交际的过程。教师在教学实践过程中，应以学生为中心，尽量多给学生提供机会和情景。让他们进行模仿、回答、复述等，以促进他们写作能力的形成。

组织课外活动小组，是弥补课内操练时间不足的有效办法，开展活动时，可联系自己的生活实际，叙述自己的思想及课文学习后的体会等。听说能力的提高，必然会促进写作能力的提高。

二、掌握一定的写作策略

1、要审好体裁。

学生拿到题材后，要先根据作文材料要求确定文章体裁，然后建立相应体裁的行文模式.否则，就算写得再好，体裁不对的话结果得到的总分将会是大打折扣的。写作体裁有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、说明文、记叙文、议论文等，其中书信、日记、记叙文和通知都是学生平时经常用到的体裁，所以平时学生应多注意这些体裁方面的有关范文和训练，真正动笔写作前更要注意看好写作提示，以便确定好所用体裁，从而使自己对写作体裁的适应能力不断提高。

2、要确定行文中即将用到的时态。

有时全文都只需用同一种时态，这对英语写作基础较好的学生而言就容易些，但也有很多时候要用几种，甚至有时根据需要还得交叉使用几种时态。一篇文章如果多处出现谓语动词的时态错误，就要降等给分。这就要求学生在审好体裁的基础上学会灵活变通，根据题目的内容要求正确使用因时态不同而不断变换的动词。同时，这也要求学生在平时的学习当中要牢记并学会正确使用动词的过去式和过去分词，尤其是要记住哪些动词的过去式和过去分词是规则变化的，哪些是不规则变化的，尽量避免那种一遇到要用到动词的过去式或者过去分词就不假思索的在其后面加-ed 的混乱现象。

3、要突出要点。

每篇文章都有它的要点，高考英语作文同样也不例外。作文的得分点也集中在要点的发挥和体现上。每篇作文一般都有4到6个要点，学生阅题题目提示时应该认真找出这些要点并列出相关的关键词，写作时候顺着这些关键词灵活进行，这样既能保证要点齐全、突出，而且又能节省时间。

4、要层次分明。

根据不同的文章体裁，学生在行文中要注意如何才能做到层次分明，这样才能让读者一目了然。比如记叙文大多数以人物活动、时间顺序或事情发展过程为线索，说明文大多以时间空间为线索，议论文的写作一般按先总后分或先分后总的顺序，通知则要注意时间、地点和人物的安排为线索，所以学生在写作时要理清思路，动笔前先在大脑中按照线索迅速去安排好文章的各个层次（之所以用“迅速”一词，是考虑到学生的考试时间的紧凑），这样写出来的英语作文才会让人感到思路清晰，层次分明。

5、要将书面表达写成一篇连贯的文章。

根据字数多少，扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数，以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分在写的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考。

1、在整篇文章中，避免只是用一、两个句式。要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

2、使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子地连贯性和表现力。

3、改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状

语至于句首，或用分词等。.

4、学会使用过渡词。

如：1)递进further more，more over，besides，in addition，then，etc.

2)转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc.

3)总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc.

4)强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，abovea11，etc.

5)对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc.

5、避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

三、坚持大量的写作实践

写作能力必须通过长期的、大量的反复实践才能获得。如果实践不够，即使学生完全掌握了课堂上所学的语言知识，也懂得了一定的写作技巧，一旦使用语言时，也难免开口结结巴巴，下笔力不从心。

总之，作文教学是高中英语教学中的重点和难点之一，正所谓“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”，因为要想高考英语作文得高分，并非一朝一夕能办到的事情，所以学生只有在老师的指导下，平时刻苦训练，多方积累知识和经验，才能决胜高考。

参考文献：1、侯兰华 2005“高中英语阅读与写作的整合”《中小学英语教学与研究》

8、胡春洞、王才仁 1998 《英语写作论》广西教育出版社

9、钟启泉、张华 2001《教学原理》教育科学出版社

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