翻译理论与实践1(英译汉)实战练习 15篇1
翻译理论与实践1（英译汉）实战练习15篇
1．The Policy of Mass Media
1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions as citizens or as private individual.2) But neither the real difficulty of these decisions nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual can often be communicated through the mass media.3) The disinclination to suggest real choice which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.4) The organs of the Establishment however well—intentioned they may be have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.5) They will tend to move when exposing problems well within the accepted cliché—assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life
2. The American and the English
1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in
the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards by a regard for precedent.4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no such restrain and acquired no such habit of conformity.5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring and so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hand which now broadly marks them.
3. The Education of Humanists
1)The education of humanists cannot be regarded as complete or even adequate without exposure in some depth to where things stand in the various branches of science particularly in the areas of our ignorance.2)Physics professors most of them look with revulsion on assignments to teach their subjects to poets.3) The liberal arts faculties for their parts will continue to view the scientists with suspicion and apprehension. 4) But maybe a new set of courses dealing systematically with ignorance in science will take hold.5) The scientists might discover in it a new and subversive technique for catching the attention of students driven by curiosity delighted and surprised to learn that science is exactly as some scientists described it: an “endless frontier.”6) The humanists for their part might take considerable satisfaction in watching their scientific colleagues confess openly to not knowing everything about everyone.7) And the poets on whose shoulders the future rests might late nights thinking things over begin to see some meanings that elude the rest of us.
4. . American Study
1) The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become bast in which individuals were imp0rtant chiefly as types.2) Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history it was at least as important to the world.3) Should history ever become a true science it must expect to establish its laws not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities but from the economical evolution of a great democracy.4) North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large uniform and isolated as to answer the purposes of science.5) There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons under conditions of undisturbed growth.6) In Europe or Asia undisturbed social evolution had been unknown.7) Without disturbance evolution seemed to cease.8) Wherever disturbance occurred permanence was impossible.9) Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.
5. Jack London
1) Life itself led London to reject this approach in his writing.2) He knew what it meant to be one of the disinherited
to be chained to the deadening routine of the machine and to soul-destroying labor for an insufficient reward.3) Consequently he swept aside not only the literature that pretended that ours is a society of sweetness and light but also that which contended that the inculcation of the spirit of Christian fellowship would put an end to class controversy.4) He did not oppose labor organization nor balk at the strike as a weapon of labor; rather he took his heroes and heroines from the labor movement and wove his plots within their struggles.5) He poured into his writings all the pain of his life the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him and the conviction it had brought to him that world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.
6. President Carter
1) President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his administration’s troubles but who will tell him the truth? 2) You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism” from their aides but seldom get it and usually don’t follow it when they do.3) The reasons for this are not obscure.4) The Oval Office is the most frightening room in
America.5) It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors and even those legislative lions who roar against the president on Capital Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door.6) Few While House aides dare to say anything against the president without betraying their fears.7) Even Henry Kissinger who is not an excessively modest or silent man hesitated to face President Nixon with the disaster he knew lay ahead.
7.On “Mein Kampf”
1) Mein Kampf’s the me song recurring again and again is race race purity race supremacy though nowhere did Hitler attempt to define race.2) It was never intended by Nature Hitler claims that all races should be equal any more than individuals are equal.3) Some are created superior to others.4) The Germans as the world’s strongest race should rule over the inferior through having the habitat of the highest race extended and scattered Germanic peoples united under one rule.6) The vast expansion visualized by Hitler would take place principally at the expense of other races.7) To attain the objectives set by his soaring ambition Hitler proposes three methods: propaganda diplomacy and force. 8) Nowhere in Mein Kampf is the author more revealing of himself and his tactics than in his discussion
of propaganda techniques—correctly believed by him to be one of the Nazis’ most effective and formidable weapons.
8. How to Write Clearly
1) I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.2) You have only to go to great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections.3) One cause of obscurity is that many writers think not before but as they write.4) The pen originates the thought.5) The disadvantages of this and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard is that there is a sort of magic in the written word.6) The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands in the way of its own clarification.7) But this sort of obscurity merges very easily into the willful.8) Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.9) It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reis with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.
9. 1) Of course there is a strong element of luck in both success and failure but it is my belief that there are no “secrets” to success.2) One thing I have discovered is that attitudes and values that I acquired in China long before came to the United States have had a great bearing on the success in my business.3) These values have much in common with some of the virtues of Confucianism the Chinese philosophy that stresses moderation.4) However although I respect the spirit of Confucianism I have not tried to adapt this ancient Chinese philosophy to modern society.5) For besides moderation other things I have found to be essential to success are patience adaptability decisiveness confidence unconventional thinking social responsibility and last luck.6) The importance of these attributes is in their interaction.7) Some of them are antithetical to others—patience will often collide with decisiveness for instance—and yet it is hard to think of any of my decisions in which they did not play a role.
10. Tragedy
1) Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear
so long sustained by now that we can even bear it.2) There are no longer problems of the spirit.3) There is only the question:4) When will I be blown up? 5) Because of this the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about worth the agony and the sweat.6) He must learn them again.7) He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and teaching himself that forget it forever leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart the universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice.8) Until he does so he labors under a curse.9) He writes not of love but of lust of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion.
11. The Choice of Life
1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment.2) They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good
will.3) They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the motorcycle that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country.4) I respect them; they are good citizens good husbands and good fathers and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I don’t find them exciting.5) I am fascinated by the men few enough in all conscience who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking.6) It may be that we have no such thing as free will but at all events we gave the illusion of it.7) At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and the choice once made it is difficult to see that whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.
12. Science Fiction
1) Moreover if SF is the laboratory of the imagination its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out.2) That is SF has always had a certain feedback effect on society as its visions emotionally engage the future consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities.3) The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by
its image of the future.4) For that matter some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-style after appealing models provided by SF stories.5) The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up and augmented SF’s social feed back effects.6) Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it.7) This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed here.
13. 1) Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous changes among which is its rapid increase in population as many Chinese have kept flooding into America’s shore.3) As the population of the American citize ns of Chinese descent has increased and their qualities have evidently improved so their economic conditions have prospered.4) It is said that since 1986 the US citizens of Chinese descent have leapt to a good lead over other racial minorities Japanese and Koreans for instance.5) The average Chinese family’s yearly income has now come to exceed that of the average American family.6) At present there is a number of
enterprisers of Chinese descent in the economic circles in the US who enjoy considerable fame.7) An even more cheerful phenomenon is that in recent years there have sprung up in the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent.8) Their achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world.9) Meanwhile Chinese-descent citizens have roles to play in American political circles as they have risen evidently in political status.
14. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2) Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3) but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4) Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5) Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6) Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7) As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream
such as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8) On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9) Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.
15. Mr. Zhang a retired miner bought four chicks early this yeae.2) One day he found one of them missing.2) He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time.3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch the chick.4) Naturally Zhang’s wife wouldn’t let him go with the chick.5) and so a quarrel ensued.6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did.7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening.8) Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off.9) The chick went straight to join Zhang’s flock and kept returning whenever it was driven to Wang’s home.10) And at Zhang’s call “Chick chick” all the chicks including the one in question recede in response to him.11) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.
英语翻译理论与实践
第二讲 原句：I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. 译文：我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。 原文：There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. 译文：吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并不能使你感到太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。 原文：Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking. 译文：德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。 He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it. He is the last person for such a job. He should be the last (man) to blame. 原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 译文：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。 Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 死译：one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word. 硬译：word-for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences. Literal translation goes beyond one-to-one translation, ranges from one word to one word, through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. Literal translation is the basic translation procedure both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there. ---by Newmark Liberal Translation mainly conveys the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech. 原文：我们的朋友遍天下。 错译：Our friends are all over the world. 译文: We have friends all over the world. 单词
英语翻译实践报告
英语翻译实践报告 《翻译1》课程实践报告 翻译课程介绍 翻译是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程。英汉翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，是一门实践性很强的课程。 通过学习本课程，学生应该熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点;能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容准确，文字流畅;能将比较简易的汉语文章译成英语，用词得当，语法平稳。本课程与英语专业其他课程相辅相成。它作为一门实践课，有赖于英语专业其他课程为应考者打下良好的基础，使应考者掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，初步达到阅读英文原著的水平，并有一定的写作能力，因而具备从事英汉翻译的条件。另一方面，通过大量翻译实践和语言对比研究，学生可以进但在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，而容易一步认识英汉两种语言各自的特点。 忽略在译文中体现原有的特点。这也就是本课程的难学之处。但通过学习本课程，了解了英汉两种语言的各自特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的能力和翻译水平。 课程实践目的及过程 为了将课堂上所学知识更好地运用于实践，10级翻译3班在王静老师的带领下，来到了位于德胜工业园区的百瑞源枸杞养生馆和厚生记食品有限公司进行参观学习。 在参观之前，王老师要求同学们查找关于枸杞的相关资料，基本上了解了枸杞的种植技术、生产流程、营养价值等知识。
宁夏枸杞产业在宁夏省外也有不少公司，而且，百瑞源是宁夏唯一一个进驻2010年上海世博会的企业，这不仅提升了宁夏在国内外的知名度，也让更多国内外朋友了解了宁夏枸杞的与众不同，同时也为百瑞源走出中国，迈向国际舞台提供了良机。 在参观过程中，同学们品尝了味美色鲜的枸杞、其他枸杞制品和，可谓是大饱了口福。但同学们并未忘记此行的目的，大家一边参观，一边了解相关的知识，对于枸杞的营养价值和种类有了进一步了解;同时，在参观过程中，同学们发现了不少汉英翻译的错误，对于一个企业来说，要想进入全球市场，对外宣传和对外交流是至关重要的，所以企业品牌的跨文化交流成为了一种必然趋势。这让同学们不禁为企业的进一步发展担忧。作为翻译专业的学生，对此比较敏感，于是，大家纷纷把有错误的地方拍下来，准备参观结束后再进行更正。 回校后，王老师把全班分成若干组，每组负责一部分企业的宣传资料，然后让同学们查找翻译的错误并改正。我们组分到的任务比较少，但是，在我们仔细读过之后发现了不少错误，而且有些还是由于英汉表达习惯的不同导致的比较明显的错误。虽然字数不多，却涉及不少商贸以及新闻语体。我们小组成员认真思考，经过讨论后把我们最后的翻译结果交给了王老师。 课程实践的收获 通过这次的翻译实践，我更加清楚的认识到自己英语相关方面的知识还远远不足，也让我更加清醒的认识到，丰富自己的词汇量及语境英语句型的重要性。我对翻译充满了热爱，怀着这份热爱，我要跟加严格的要求自己。今后，把更多的时间和精力投身到翻译知识中去，争取在翻译方面有所突破和发展。 翻译是一项很困难的工作，要做到精益求精，专业性非常强，而且要与时俱进，这让我知道了仅有翻译技巧是远远不够的，需要平时大量的艰苦练习，不断积累，才能在翻译中获得巨大收获。而且，作为翻译专业的学生，只凭课堂上学到的
《翻译理论与实践(笔译)》期末复习辅导_0
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必拘泥于--D----的形式。 A. 词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段 5. 翻译是一种（ A ）的交际活动。 A．跨语言，跨文化，跨社会 B. 跨语言 C．跨语言，跨社会 D. 跨语言，跨社会 6. 翻译的理想单位是： __________。 （） A．篇章 B. 句子 C.词语 D. 单词 7. 下列四个语言特点中， ----B--不是广告英语的特点。 A. 多祈使句 B. 多后置定语 C. 多新词汇 D. 多常用词汇 8. 鲁迅曾提出过-------B-------- 的翻译观点。 A. 宁顺而不信 B. 宁信而不顺 C. 与其信而不顺，不如顺而不信 D. 忠实、通顺、得体 9. 在下列四组特点中， ---D---组符合英语语言的实际情况。 A. 重意合，多主动结构，多动态词，多重复，多生物词作主语 B.重形合，多主动结构，多动态词，多替代，多物称词作主语 C.重意合，多被动结构，多静态词，多重复，多生物词作主语 D.重形合，多被动结构，多静态词，多替代，多物称词作主语 10. 下列四种语言特点， ----B----不符合英语语言的实际情况。 A. 重形合 B. 多动态词语 C. 多替代 D.多物称词作主语 11. Last night I heard him driving his pigs
翻译理论与实践论文
谈严复翻译 翻译，作为一种实践活动，在人类文化的交流中一直在广泛进行着。丰富的翻译活动，有利于我们科学系统地对翻译进行研究，也有利于我们形成独特的中西文化观。严复就是中国近代第一个学贯中西的人，他的翻译对中国近代思想有着深远的影响。 严复曾在福州马尾船厂船政学堂学习了五年，他学习了英文，几何，代数，电磁学，光学等新科学知识，到过新加坡，日本等地考察，后又到英国学习考察政治，经济，法律和社会制度，“了解中西政教，风俗之差异，关心世界大事。”回国后，他翻译了向国人敲起危亡警钟的《天演论》。揭示了自然界和人类社会“物竞天择，适者生存”的客观规律，宣传了进化思想。 下面研究一下严复的翻译思想和特点。在词法和句法结构中，他模仿先秦文体的词法句法结构，桐城派古文的优点，其他文体的积极因素，在此基础上进行创造性转化，创造了独具个人特色的新型文体。在《天演论》的手稿初稿中，他直接引用先秦散文中的句子并标明出处，虽然后来他觉得译作中放入中国古书的名字，中国古人的名字明显不妥，使读者感到彷徨，于是在改稿过程中将正文中出现的中国特色的专有名词尽皆删去，但导言仍保留部分如《导言十三》中的“以其所爱，及其所弗爱”一句系取自《孟子》；《导言十二》中的“诱然
皆生，而不知其所以生；同然皆生，而不知其所以得”系庄子所云，“自营为私”是韩非所言，“人之性恶”出自《荀子》。译文中多用单音节词，双音节词很少。而且他的翻译话语中有很多词类活用的范例。 1. 辨物穷微，明揭天道必不可知说。（《天演论·论六》） 2.不见夫业真者乎？（《原富》） 微是形容词，在句1中活用为动词。句2的业本来为名词，但在句中担任动词职务。同时，严复话语中疑问代词宾语前置，否定句中代词宾语前置的例子也不少。如： 何以明之？（《天演论·人群》） 人弗之觉也，觉亦弗之异也。（《天演论·能实》） 其少见的被动句主要采用先秦的“见”字句结构，如： 特在人者，每为气禀所拘。（《天演论·论八》） 而为是幻且虚者之所主。（《天演论·论九》) 若是物特为天下只所厚而择焉以存也者，夫是之谓天择。（《天演论·导言一》） 为了追求群内达旨，他用了很多排偶句： 小之极于跂行倒生，大之放乎日星天地；隐之则神思智识之所以圣狂，显之则政俗文章之所以沿革。（《天演论·导言二·广义》） 人，动物之灵者也，与不灵之禽兽鱼鳖昆虫对；动物者，生类之有知觉运动者也，与无知觉之指植物对；生类者，有质之物而具支体官理者也，与无支体官理之金石对。（《天演论·导言三·趋异》） 严复的翻译使用最多的策略当推意译，为了启发民智，在翻译过程中
(完整word版)英语专业翻译实践报告
实践报告 这周是英语专业的翻译实践周，这次的专业实习让我受益匪浅，收获颇多。专业实习的主要目的是要培养我们理论联系实际，综合运用所学基础知识、基本理论和技能，独立分析、解决问题的能力。在大学的第三学年，实习是一个很重要的环节，对我们以后的工作实习也有一定的帮助。所以，我们要端正态度，认真对待这次的专业实习。 我们的主要任务是进行英译汉和汉译英的翻译实践，为此在实践的过程中，我总结了四种必备的翻译工具：一是灵格斯翻译工具，里面可安装各式的词典；二是百度搜索工具；三是有道词典；四是英汉词典；五是汉英词典。翻译的过程如下：首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词和词组，寻找最符合原文的解释。然后采取同时在百度和有道词典搜索的做法，并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。他们有着各自的优缺点。所以我们最后用到的就是英汉和汉英辞典，可以对我们翻译之中的词汇，进行最后的确认，确定出最最准确的译法。 在翻译过程中也遇到到了一些困难，这说明在漫漫的英语学习过程中我还要继续努力。学如逆水行舟，不进则退，只要每天我认真学习，那就是一种进步。人生总归会有许多挫折，但我们若不跨过这道坎，就不会有进步，滞留不前。我们要用有限的生命创造无限的价值，勇敢面对每一个挑战。 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言行为。当然纸上谈兵是无稽之谈，光有理论知识而不实践操作也是没有用的。有位翻译家这么说过，“学翻译犹如学游泳。只在岸边看别人游，或只听教练讲解，是学不会的。”所以要想提高自己的翻译能力，一定要通过实践。实践可以分为两类，直接的实践和间接的实践。 所谓直接的实践，就是自己亲身参加的实践，也就是自己动手翻译。一回生，二回熟，日积月累，第一手经验多了，做起来得心应手，翻译能力有所提高。所谓“熟能生巧”，就是这个道理。但自己能译的东西是有限的，从这种实践中得出的经验也是有限的。因此，还需要借助于间接的实践。 所谓间接的实践，就是研究别人的译文。比如，一篇文章在手，准备翻译，这时先找一些有关的资料或同类文章的译文看一看，在词语和风格方面定会有所借鉴。别人的译文是别人直接实践的产物，看了别人的译文，就是从事间接实践。
翻译理论与实践(1)
一、词语翻译选择（1分*15） 练习一： 1. 姜汁皮蛋: Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce 2. 凉拌金针菇: Golden Mushroom with Vegetable 3. 五香牛肉: Spiced Beef 4. 盐焗鸡:Salt Baked Chicken 5. 素鸭: Dried Tofu 6. 电脑盲: computer illiterate 7. 翻两番:quadruple 8. 光谷:optical valley 9. 黑客:hacker 10. 排外主义: exclusivism 练习二： 1. 我打算买辆汽车，可心里一直犹豫不定，不知道买那个牌子的好。 I’m thinking of buying a car, but I’m still of two minds. I can hardly decide as to which brand I should take. 2. 老板这几天沉默寡言，看起来好像是心事重重的。 The boss is quite down these days. He seems to have something weighing heavily on his mind. 3. 千万别得罪他，他会对你怀恨在心的。 Take care not to offend him, or he’ll bear you a grudge. 4. 当老板问起是谁把消息说出去的时候，他们两个人相互推卸责任。 When the boss was asking who had disclosed the news, the two of them began to pass the buck to each other. 5. 这几天不知是什么事把我搞得心烦意乱的。 I don’t know what has set my nerves on edge these days. 6. 火上浇油。To add fuel to the fire. 7. 混水摸鱼。Fish in troubled waters. 8. 小题大做。Make a mountain out of a molehill. 9. 口是心非。Say yes and mean no. 10. 胸有成竹。To have a well-thought plan before doing something.
翻译理论与实践
翻译理论与实践 I. Improve the following Translations: 25% 1. Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole. 译文：往往一天辛苦工作结束时，一个人会灰心地意识到他所完成的少量的一堆工作对整个工作产生无限小的影响。 2. They left me at the gate, nor easily or lightly; and it was a strange sight to me to see the cart go on, taking Peggoty away, and leaving me under the elus tree looking at the house in which there was no face to look at me with love or likely any more. 译文：他们在大门前离开我，这也不容易的，不愉快的；看见车子载着辟果提走了，把我留在那些老榆下看那所房子，房子里再也没有一张怀着爱或欢心来看我的脸了，我觉得这是一种稀有的景象。 3．Any visitor to China is overwhelmed by the contradictions inherent in its helter-skelter (喧嚣混乱的)progress. 译文：任何到中国的人，都会被她喧嚣混乱的进步中所固有的矛盾所压倒。 4. 二十岁的时候，随时随地向人透露我的年龄，答得比问得还快。三十岁之后， 最恨别人问年龄，你要是非问不可，你猜啊。 译文：At the age of twenty, I was always ready to disclose my age on all occasions and could not wait to speak out the answer until the inquirer finished his words. After I have turned thirty, I hate any inquiry about my age. If you insist, have a guess.
最新翻译理论与实践(笔译)期末复习及答案
浙江广播电视大学 英语专业(开放本科) 《翻译理论与实践》期末复习 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 二、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共30分） 三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分） 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。 A. 语内翻译 B. 语际翻译 C. 符际翻译 D. 以上选项都正确 2. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物 C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水 3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适？________。 A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。 B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。 C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。 D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。 4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的？________。 A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。 B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。 D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。 A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒 C．许渊冲D．鲁迅 6. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_____。 A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tiger C．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in sea D B C D C D 7.哪句话的描述是正确的？______。 A. 严复提出的翻译是：重神似不重形似 B. 傅雷的翻译标准是：信、达、雅 C. 许渊冲的翻译标准是：美化之艺术，创优似竞赛 D. 泰特勒的翻译标准是：通顺 8. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry State：实行禁酒的州B．white goods：白色的货物 C．dry white wine：涩白酒D．toilet water：花露水 9. 泰特勒(Tytler)提出的著名翻译原则是：_______。 A. 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容。 B. 译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同。 C. 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。 D. 以上选项都正确。 10．下面哪个选项是正确的？________。 A．bring down the house 翻译为：“推倒房子” B．pull up one's socks 翻译为：鼓起勇气 C．think a great deal of oneself 翻译为：“为自己想得很多” D．an apple of love 翻译为：“爱情之果” 11．A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.下面哪个译文是最合适的？_____。A．一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。 B．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。 C．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。 D．闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
翻译理论与实践的实习报告
1、 实习时间、地点和实习单位 略 二、实习过程概述； 1.结合翻译理论基础知识，周一周二集中训练英译汉各种翻译技巧，采用技巧讲解→学生实践→集体讨论→范文讲解→学生互评→老师点评的形式进行。 2.周三周四集中训练汉译英各种翻译技巧，方式步骤同英译汉。 3.周五进行总结。 三．主要实习岗位和实习内容； 根据该门课程的教学大纲的要求，设置以下内容为检测目标： 1.对翻译标准，基本翻译步骤，基本的翻译方法和评价译文的基本 知识予 以掌握。 2.翻译过程中的文化意识的训练 3.基本翻译技巧的掌握：增译，减译，转译等等 4.基本修辞手段的翻译训练：隐喻、提喻，双关等 5.难句和从句的翻译训练：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等 6.一些特殊句式和惯用语的翻译训练 7.从语言篇章的角度训练翻译过程中语篇的连贯和衔接 四．实习收获和重要心得体会； 作为英语专业的学生，我想这次实习的经历对我们而言尤为重要。明年我们就要面临走向社会，踏上自己寻找工作的旅程，这次翻译大实习对我们而言无疑也是一次珍贵的、工作前体验和模拟翻译工作坊的机会。尽管知道自己已经学了这么多年英语，英语水平应该也提高很多，但心里总是对自己没有信心，总觉得自己英语不够好，对未来的一切感到忧愁。但这次的翻译实习之后，我感觉到翻译其实也没有那么难。只要认真分析句子结构，我们都可以翻译出来。但这次实习让我受益匪浅。
1.再次巩固了我翻译理论的学习，并将这些理论运用到了实践中，加深了我的深层认识。 2.这次实习中我收获了很多翻译有关的知识，如词汇，语法，文化背景知识等等。 3.增加了做一个合格翻译工作者的信心。我相信自己的能力，对自己的翻译生涯充满了热切的期待。也许我不是天才，不能一下子就成为优秀的翻译者，但我愿意先从一个合格的翻译者做起，从合格到优秀，一直努力，一直在进步，这才是我一生所应该追求的梦想。 翻译是一个理解、求证、表达的过程。在此过程中译者要与不见面的作者和读者进行对话，了解原文的背景和目的，将作者的思想准确、通顺地传递给读者。非文学语篇的翻译要求译者在对原文进行解构和重构时，特别注意信息的准确、逻辑的严密和表达的严谨。这就需要译者进行深入广泛的调查研究，接近或达到作者的理解水平，充分发掘作者原语语境下所要表达的意义，以符合习惯及规范的目标语表达出来。 有人说，译者是戴着镣铐的舞者。此话一点不假。经过阅读、理解、翻译、查证、修订、审校，完成一篇译文，过程是相当耗费心力和时间的，期间得承受身心的煎熬。因此从事翻译工作需要高度负责的态度和专注的精神。我们在翻译时常说，译者要突破语言的外壳，这并非易事。在翻译时怎样实现归化与异化、直译与意译的平衡，阿阿其实都要译者做出艰难的选择。世界上什么最难？选择最难！所以，翻译工作是相当具有挑战性的。也正因为永远没有最完美的翻译，所以才不是每个人都能成为好的翻译，所以我们才需要不断学习和实践。尽管我们戴着镣铐，但是如果我们肯下苦功，在点滴进取中不断突破自我、超越自我，假以时日，我们也能成为出色的舞者。还是那句话，译海无涯，学无止尽。 五，存在不足和建议； 初次着手翻译时，发现有诸多长句、比喻句等很难理解的句子，而
翻译理论与实践作业
班级：2011英研 姓名：赵金美 学号：20111100335
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、倒置法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。 一、增译法： 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 如： 1）You could be mad as a mad dog at the way things went. 你可以像疯狗那样对周围的一切愤愤不平．（出处：电影《返老还童》 2） A she sailed into it. 在他航行中找到的。（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》） 3）Spanzurati it! Place the neck and lathe!
翻译理论与实践
翻译理论与实践试题 一、选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）：20% 1.中国古代佛经翻译家------提出了“既须求真，又须喻俗”的翻译思想。 A. 鸠摩罗什 B. 玄奘 C．安世高D。释道安 2.严复说的“一名之立，旬月踟躇”是指---------------------。 A.翻译一部书要化一个月时间作准备 B 翻译一个术语往往要考虑很久 C. 只有化苦功才能翻译成一部名著 D. 书名的翻译颇费思量 3..下列四句，----句的表述是不正确的。 A.鲁迅提出过“宁信而不顺”的翻译观点。 B. 马建忠主张“善译”的翻译标准。 C. 钱钟书认为文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。 D. 傅雷认为文学翻译的最高境界是“形似”。 4.下列四位翻译家中，英译《红楼梦》的是------。 A.林语堂 B. 杨宪益 C. 杨必 D. 鲁迅 5.英国语言学家M.A.K.Halliday提出的构成语境三要素中，fields of discourse指---------------------------。 A.交际内容 B. 交际方式 C. 交际风格 D. 交际地点 6.多用被动语态是----------的一个比较明显的语法特点。 A.广告英语 B. 科技英语 C. 新闻英语 D. 法律英语 7.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于------的形式。 A.词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段 8.. ------翻译了莎士比亚的全部戏剧作品。 A.朱生豪 B. 卞之琳 C. 梁实秋 D. 林语堂 9.fast, firm, secure三个同义词中，firm的正规程度介于前后两者之间，由此可以判定，它最有可能源自------。 A.法语 B. 拉丁语 C. 盎格鲁-撒克逊语 D. 德语 10.下列四种“语体”中，--------的语言最为正规。 A.广告英语 B. 法律英语 C. 新闻英语 D. 科技英语 二、问答题：30% 1.为什么严复要在他的翻译标准中加上一个“雅”字？你认为现在我们应该怎样理解这个“雅”字？
翻译实践报告80937
翻译实践报告 姓名：荆一嵘学号：041180 进入英语系伊始，周围的朋友便不断以“帮忙翻译东西”相求。似乎存在着一种共识：语言学习的直接作用就是翻译。而实际上，在不得已而帮朋友的忙，以及逐渐参与翻译可学习的过程中，我却越来越明显地感觉到：语言学和翻译是两种学问。语言的学习可能其目的作用皆与翻译无关。而同时，懂得或熟练的掌握一门语言，也并不等同于可以从事翻译工作。在此谨以我在学习翻译理论前后的实践活动作比较，一来总结我的所学和进步，提出实践中遇到的问题；二来例证我前面所述的观点。 （一）??在接触翻译课之前 1观念上 只要学好两门语言，就可以从事其互译工作。在翻译工作中，力求更优美更纯熟地运用文字，尤其是专业词汇的正确运用，是做好翻译的必经之路。 2实践上 由于学习英语专业，周围朋友和自己都感到在英语方面我可能更胜一筹，于是就帮助同学翻译论文和简历。这成为我“翻译生涯”的开端。 3实践总结 为了“不丢英语系的人”，自己力求精准优美，大量的查字典学词汇，客观上还是基本合格地传达了原文意思，并且学到了不少知识。但是，整个实际操作的过程却显得尤为艰难，而且交付定稿时很多地方都还不尽如人意，颇有“心有余而力不足”之感。尽管之前听过“信，达，雅”之类的说法，但用到实处，却无从下手。现在回想起当时的情形来，大约是看到洋洋洒洒的几页文字，鼓足勇气下定决心，抱着“排除万难，不怕牺牲”的信念，硬着头皮从一个个生词查起，
心中念着“死要面子”，活受罪到最后，才一句加一句地弄完。那份活里面，恐怕除了“辛勤的汗水”，还包含了我日后面对翻译时抹不去的“心理阴影”。 首先，由于那时还没有接触到翻译课，仅凭自己英语比同学好点，之前写过些有人拍手叫好的中文文章，就贸然行动。一没能对文章体裁语言风格等清楚定位，二还带点想“显摆显摆”的小聪明，结果弄到后来大词生词大用特用，从句长句连篇累牍，洋腔汉腔混杂一气，书面口语轮流上阵。现在看看，真是热闹得很。 其次，那时最突出的感觉是，明明很清楚明白的读懂一句话，再换个语言转述，就怎么都不地道了。正是这种感受，让我开始认识到，语言的学习可能只是停在更好地理解一门语言，更熟练的运用它去阅读和交流。但翻译，远比说明一个词一句话的意思要难，文化背景（成语典故等为例）语言习惯（句式句法等）方言以及词的引申义等等，都是易懂难翻的。 最后，回到“阴影”问题。经历了那次痛苦不堪的战役，我对翻译大有敬而远之之势。乐意花时间去读英文小说，写自己的感想日记。唯独不愿翻译东西，且对翻译的印象保持在矛盾不断困难重重的阶段。一直到大三听说要上翻译课，都再三确认是必修还是选修。 （二）??被迫无奈上翻译课时 1认识上 首先，开始重新对翻译定义。认识到至少大体上讲文学性的和实用类的翻译，其功能和语言要求是不同的，要“对症下药”。其次，接触到不同的翻译方法，如直译，意译等。再次，对于遣词造句，从“华丽”的审美走向“恰当”的标准。最后，虽然迄今为止自己的翻译水平还处于初级阶段，但感觉无论是理论上还是操作上还是（至少比以前）入门了。尤其要说的一点是。不知不觉有了推敲的习惯，常有晚上做完一篇翻译，半夜突然灵感大发又起来删删改改的情形。那时改完一篇手稿，总要在室友微微的鼾声中“孤芳自赏”一下再睡。
翻译理论与实践作业2
廉洁的遗嘱 1925年2月24日，国父孙中山病逝时，留下一段《家事遗嘱》：“余因尽瘁国事，不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄，以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立，望各自爱，以继余志。此嘱。” 中山先生艰苦奋斗40年，功勋卓然。但终生廉洁，从未为自己和子女亲属置办过田地遗产。他任过国家临时大总统，官可谓高矣，然而从不追求俸禄。临终留下的遗物只有生前的一些衣物、2，000多本书籍杂志，还有一所旅居加拿大的华侨为他募捐的住宅。 A Testament of Probity On February 24 1925, Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China, passed away out of disease, leaving a testament to his families. “For a full commitment to the country cause, I left no savings for you. All my belongings of books, clothes and an apartment will be given to my wife Soong Qing-ling as a commemoration. As for my son and daughter who are already grown-up enough for self independence, my entire wish is your self-respects. ” Mr. Sun Yat-sen devoted himself to China’s revolution cause for 40 years with remarkable contributions, during which never had he purchased any property for himself or his family members. Nor did he ever chase for the emolument in quite a high-rank position as the temporary president of the Republic of China. All he left before death were several clothes, 2000 books and an apartment coming from donations of a chinese resident in Canada. 分析：“国父孙中山”不能照字面翻译，国父特制“中华民国的创始人”。“国家临时大总统”要译成“中华名过临时大总统”才确切。要适当解释孙中山先生艰苦奋斗四十年是为了什么目的。从“从未为自己和子女”到“从不追求俸禄”这几句话在英文的表述中应体现一定的强语势，从“临终留下的遗物”至结束这一句译文挺体现与前面内容在逻辑霍桑的关联性。
翻译理论与实践
第一部分---老龄化产业 随着中国老龄化快速到来，如何养老已经成为各方关注的焦点话题。演员吴秀波最近成为媒体的焦点倒不是演什么新片或有什么绯闻，而是居住在养老院的母亲想儿子，抱怨来的次数太少，老太太每次都要用笔记录双方见面甚至是通话时间。是居家养老还是去养老院，记者随机采访了身边的人。 “如果夫妻双方都健在，我还是愿意居家养老。毕竟，一切都是熟悉的，有感情，也方便。”一位现年近50岁的朋友表示。 调查显示，愿意居家养老的占大部分。理由如下：一般家庭目前居住都是成熟社区，医疗、购物、交通等都比较方便，这些都是老年人最需要的服务设施。 其实，各地政府已经采取相关措施，应对老龄化的到来。如上海是全国老龄化程度最高的城市，每五个人中就有一个60岁以上的。最近，上海静安区提出了“床位不离家，服务送到家”的居家养老模式。即上海静安区委、区政府结合区域内居家养老的实际，将本区餐饮、医疗、商业、家政、服务等公共资源进行整合，给予适当经济补贴，成立了15个助老服务站，使老年人享受到社区居家养老服务。 上海静安区模式的好处在于：第一，能够为空巢老人提供“量体裁衣”式服务，服务站上门服务，基本上做到了人性化；第二，能够减轻老人思想压力，使老人安心静养。老人们待在家里静心休养，而不再为吃饭、就医、保健、洗澡、理发等犯愁；第三，能够减少子女的负担，促进家庭和谐。 成都这个休闲城市，也在居家养老上成效明显。全市有10126名“空巢老人”享受政府购买的居家养老服务，有22000余名志愿者、1000余个社会组织、5000余名专业人员为老年人提供居家养老服务。 “过去是养儿防老，现在不同了，估计独生子女的父母们早有思想准备”，一位受调查者告诉记者。 根据国务院日前印发《中国老龄事业发展“十二五”规划》，“十二五”时期，随着第一个老年人口增长高峰到来，我国人口老龄化进程将进一步加快。从2011年到2015年，全国60岁以上老年人将由1.78亿增加到2.21亿，平均每年增加老年人860万；老年人口比重将由13.3%增加到16%，平均每年递增0.54个百分点。 更为重要的是，老龄化进程与家庭小型化、空巢化相伴随，与经济社会转型期的矛盾相交织，社会养老保障和养老服务的需求将急剧增加。未来20年，我国人口老龄化日益加重，到2030年全国老年人口规模将会翻一番，老龄事业发展任重道远。 调查显示，有部分人群选择去养老院或者是老年公寓养老。也不是喜欢不喜欢的问题，而是可以和同龄人在一起，各种服务设施齐备，万一出现问题，也能得到及时救助。只是，远离自己熟悉的家庭环境，对亲情的渴望显得极为迫切。 再看吴秀波将自己母亲送进北京西城区老年公寓的事情。一个月4000元，30多平方米，卫生设备齐全。电视冰箱洗衣机等家电用品一应俱全。 “现在很多老年公寓或养老院，都建立在远离市区的郊区，这很不方便，尤其是医疗等。毕竟，老年人一般都有些身体上的毛病，对医疗服务的需求更为迫切”。一位长期从事医疗卫生事业的人士告诉记者，她认为把老年公寓或养老院孤零零地建在郊区，不太合
英语专业翻译实践报告
实践报告 这周就是英语专业的翻译实践周,这次的专业实习让我受益匪浅,收获颇多。专业实习的主要目的就是要培养我们理论联系实际,综合运用所学基础知识、基本理论与技能,独立分析、解决问题的能力。在大学的第三学年,实习就是一个很重要的环节,对我们以后的工作实习也有一定的帮助。所以,我们要端正态度,认真对待这次的专业实习。 我们的主要任务就是进行英译汉与汉译英的翻译实践,为此在实践的过程中,我总结了四种必备的翻译工具:一就是灵格斯翻译工具,里面可安装各式的词典;二就是百度搜索工具;三就是有道词典;四就是英汉词典;五就是汉英词典。翻译的过程如下:首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词与词组,寻找最符合原文的解释。然后采取同时在百度与有道词典搜索的做法,并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。她们有着各自的优缺点。所以我们最后用到的就就是英汉与汉英辞典,可以对我们翻译之中的词汇,进行最后的确认,确定出最最准确的译法。 在翻译过程中也遇到到了一些困难,这说明在漫漫的英语学习过程中我还要继续努力。学如逆水行舟,不进则退,只要每天我认真学习,那就就是一种进步。人生总归会有许多挫折,但我们若不跨过这道坎,就不会有进步,滞留不前。我们要用有限的生命创造无限的价值,勇敢面对每一个挑战。 翻译就是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言行为。当然纸上谈兵就是无稽之谈,光有理论知识而不实践操作也就是没有用的。有位翻译家这么说过,“学翻译犹如学游泳。只在岸边瞧别人游,或只听教练讲解,就是学不会的。”所以要想提高自己的翻译能力,一定要通过实践。实践可以分为两类,直接的实践与间接的实践。 所谓直接的实践,就就是自己亲身参加的实践,也就就是自己动手翻译。一回生,二回熟,日积月累,第一手经验多了,做起来得心应手,翻译能力有所提高。所谓“熟能生巧”,就就是这个道理。但自己能译的东西就是有限的,从这种实践中得出的经验也就是有限的。因此,还需要借助于间接的实践。 所谓间接的实践,就就是研究别人的译文。比如,一篇文章在手,准备翻译,这时先找一些有关的资料或同类文章的译文瞧一瞧,在词语与风格方面定会有所借鉴。别人的译文就是别人直接实践的产物,瞧了别人的译文,就就是从事间接实
翻译理论与实践(1)
翻译理论与实践（1） Theory and Practice of Translation (1) 一、基本信息 课程代码：2020030 课程学分：2 面向专业：日语专业本科 课程性质：专业必修课 课程类型：理论教学课 开课院系：外国语学院 使用教材：主教材：《新世纪高等学校日语专业本科生系列教材日汉翻译教程》，高宁主编， 上海外语教育出版社，2008 辅助教材：《翻译教程》，张鸿成编，上海外语教育出版社，2005 参考教材：《日语翻译教程》，苏琦编，商务印书馆，1994 先修课程：《基础日语》（5）、《日语语法》（2） 并修课程：《商务日语会话》（1）、《日语高级听力》 后续课程：《翻译理论与实践》（2）、《日语报刊阅读》 二、课程简介 翻译理论实践（1）为日语学科专业必修课，是高等教育专业外语教学的重要组成部分。适用于有一定日语语言基础的本科三年级学生使用，该课程实践性比较强，结合日语语法的结构讲解翻译理论，重点应放在实践翻译上。教学过程中还辅以大量的翻译练习，并对每次练习加以详细讲评，在讲评中指出理解原文和译文表达方面的问题，有的放矢地穿插讲述相关的翻译理论和技巧，促使学生全面提升翻译能力。最终，通过本课程的教学，可以使学生做到真正意义上的理解原文，准确分析原文结构，进而借助词典进行一般性的笔头翻译。 三、选课建议 本课程需要学生有一定的日语基础，建议日语本科三年级第二学期开设本课程。 四、课程基本要求 本课程侧重讲解日译汉问题，同时辅以一些汉译日练习，要求学生使用两种不同的思维方式和语言处理信息，学会在宏观上把握原文的功能与意义，通过微观的理解与表达实现宏观的整体效果，学会把握整体关照细部、处理细部不忘整体的翻译方法，有效地提高翻译水平。具体说来，要求学生掌握翻译的基本理论和技巧，在大量的翻译练习中提升日、汉两种语言的文字表达能力，进而提高笔译水平。同时，增强自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。 五、课程内容 第一章教与学的互动与制衡―日汉翻译教学理念探索 学习要求：知道翻译课的性质与目标、翻译理论教学的重要性及存在的问题，对本 课程有一个总的把握，制定一个学习目标。 第二章论译文的审美制约机制