新编英语教程第三版4第三章翻译

Unit 4 [见教材P61]

Writing Between the Lines

阅读时要做读书笔记

Mortimer J. Adler（.）

莫迪摩尔. J. 阿德勒（美国）

①You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything. ②I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. ③I want to persuade you to “write between the lines.” ④Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.

①你很清楚，为了能够最充分地理解，你必须要能听读懂言外之意。

②现在，我想建议你在阅读时也要做同等重要的事，那就是建议你在阅读时做读书笔记，否则你的阅读不大可能是最有效的。

①I contend, quite bluntly, that

①坦白说，我认为，人们阅读时在书上做笔记不是毁书，而是爱书。

①There are two ways in which you can own a book. ②The first is the property right [you establish by paying for it], just as you pay for clothes and furniture. ③But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. ④Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in

it. ⑤An illustration may make the point clear. ⑥You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own. ⑦But you do not

own the beefsteak in the most important sense and get it into your bloodstream. ⑧I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

①人们可以通过两种方式来拥有一本书。②第一种就是你通过付款买书而确立产权，就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。③但是，这种购买行为只是拥有的前提，只有你把书完全变成你自身的一部分时，你才可以说你完全拥有了这本书。④把你（译者加注：作为读者）变成书的一部分的最好办法就是在书上做笔记。⑤有一个例子可以很好地说明这一点。⑥你买一块牛排，这只是把牛排从肉铺的冰箱里转移到了你自己的冰箱里。⑦但是，只有你把这块牛排吃掉并消化以后，你才可以说在最重要的意义上完全拥有了这块牛排。⑧我认为书也是这样，只有它完全融入到你的血液里时，才可以说对你真正有益。

①There are three kinds of book owners. ②The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers—unread, untouched. ③The second has a great many books—a few of them read through, most of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) ④The third has a few books or many -----every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back.

①有书的人常常可以分为三类。②第一类人拥有最完整成套的书，还有畅销书，但是他们一本也没有读过，甚至就没有碰过。③第二类人也有很多书，但是他们通常只读过其中的几本，而绝大多数都非常干净光亮，与刚刚买回来时一样（这样的人可能非常喜欢占有书，但是错误地认为破坏了书的外观就是对书的不尊重）。④第三种人的书或多，或少。⑤但是，每一本都因为反复阅读而破烂不堪，页角卷起，甚至都散了页，而且从头至尾有很多标注和草草写下的笔记。

①Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition ②Of course not.

③I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! ④I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. ⑤Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. ⑥And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.

①你可能会问，把一本印刷得非常精美的书，或者一个装订得非常雅致的版本保存地非常干净完整，算不算是对书不应有的尊重呢②当然不是。③我绝对不会在第一版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画，我也同样不会把一套蜡笔和一本由荷兰著名印刷家Rembrandt印刷的原始版的书拿给我的孩子玩耍。④我也不会在画和雕像上做标注。⑤可以这么说，它们的精神内涵是与其物质形式是不可分割的。⑥从美的角度来说，一个珍贵罕有的版本，一本内容丰富的卷册就像是一幅画、一座雕像。

①But the soul of a book can be separated from its body. ②A book is more like the score of a piece of music than it is like a painting.

③No great musician confuses a symphony with the printed sheet of music. ④ If your respect for magnificent binding or typography gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.

①但是，书的精神内涵也可以脱离其物质形式。②一本书，与绘画相比，更像是一首音乐的乐谱。③没有哪一个优秀的音乐家会把交响乐本身和乐谱混为一谈。④如果你对书的优美装帧或排版的尊重妨碍了你的阅读，那么你可以给自己买一个廉价的版本来充分阅读（译者加），以显示你对作者本人的尊重。

① Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading ②First, it keeps you awake. (And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.)

③In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. ④That marked book is usually the thought-through book. ⑤Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.

⑥ Let me develop these three points.

①为什么说做读书笔记对于阅读是必不可少的呢②首先，做笔记可以使你保持清醒（这里不是指神志上的清醒，而是指态度上的清醒）。

③第二，阅读，如果是积极的，本身就是思考，思考本身往往会以口头或书面的形式表现出来。④那些布满笔记的书往往就是人们深入思

考过的书。⑤最后，做笔记可以让你记录下你曾经有过的思想，或者作者表达过的观点。⑥我会充分阐述这几点。

①If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. ②You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. ③Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, Gone with the Wind, doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. ④The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. ⑤But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading

of which you are capable. you’ve finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you have read actively.

①如果阅读是为了有实际收获，而不是消遣时间，那么它就必须是积极的。②你不可以在一目十行之后提出你对你读过的内容的大致理解。③普通的休闲小说，例如《飘》，并不要求进行最积极的阅读。

④如果你阅读只是为了消遣时间，那么你可以以非常轻松的状态来阅读，你也不会有什么遗憾和损失。⑤但是，如果你读的书富有哲理，内容优美，值得反复回味和深思，那么你就应该尽可能进行最积极的阅读。⑥如果你已读完一本书，而且书上到处都是你做的笔记，那么可以说你的阅读是非常积极的。

①But, you may ask, why is writing necessary ②Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply

before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. ③To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions.

①但是你可能会问，为什么要写下来呢②因为手写这种行为可以使词句更清楚地呈现在你的心里，可以更好地保存在你的记忆里。③如果你记录下你对你读过的某些重要词句的感受，记录下这些词句在你心里所引发的问题，那么你就可以很好地保存这些感受，并且可以使这些问题更加清楚明朗。

①Even if you wrote on a scratch pad, and threw the paper away when you had finished writing, your grasp of the book would be surer. ②But you don’t have to throw the paper away. ③The margins (top and bottom, as well as side), the end papers, the very space between the lines, are all available. ④They aren’t sacred.⑤And, best of all, your marks and notes become an integral part of the book and stay there forever. ⑥You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt, and inquiry.

⑦It’s like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.

①即使你写在了便签上，而且写完之后就随手扔掉了，那么你对该书的理解是也更为透彻的，但是你没有必要把这些纸条扔掉。②书上的空白处（上、下或左右两侧空白处）、扉页、字里行间都是可以利用

的，它们不是“神圣不可侵犯”的。③此外，最重要的是，你所做的标注和笔记会成为这本书必不可少的组成部分，而且会永远保存在那里。④一周或一年之后，你还可以重新拿起这本书，书上的标注和笔记表明了你对该书中观点的赞同、反对、存疑或探究。⑤这就像是继续进行曾经中断的谈话，其好处就是你可以从上次中断的地方继续。

①And be: a conversation between you and the author. ②Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do;naturally, you’ll have the pr oper humility as you approach him. ③But don’t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. ④Understanding is a

two-way operation;learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. ⑤The learner had to question himself and question the teacher. ⑥He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. ⑦And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences or agreements of opinion, with the author.

①就应该这样读书，读书是在你和作者之间进行的一次对话。②也许作者对这个问题的了解要超过你，所以很自然地，你越是接近作者，你就越是谦虚。③但是，不要让任何人告诉你作为读者就只能是被动地接受。④理解是双向的，学习本质上并不是往空洞洞的容器里填东西。⑤学习者不仅要向自己发问，还要向老师发问。⑥他如果明白

了老师所讲的内容之后，甚至还可以和老师争论。⑦在书上做笔记的过程就是你表达对作者的观点或赞同或反对的过程。结束

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新编英语教程5(第三版)

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新编英语教程第三版unit4分析解析

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Dialogue A Trip to China A. Listening to the recording B. Questions on specific details C. Broad questions: 1. Describe the changes in China’s rural areas, particularly in the coastal areas. 2. What are the ways in which Chinese farmers get up-to-date information? 3. Why college education important for modern farmers? 4. Do you believe in “You get what you put in”? D. Language Points 1. Fancy meeting you here.=It’s a surprise to meet you here. 2. world-renowned/ world-famous世界闻名的 eg. 1) Shanghai is a world-renowned cosmopolitan metropolis. 上海是国际知名的大都会。 2）Tonight a solo concert will be given by a world-renowned singer in Shanghai gymnasium. 今晚一位世界著名的歌手在上海体育馆 举办个人演唱会。 3. on and off/ off and on : not happening continuously or regularly断断 续续地 eg. 1) John has worked with Johnny on and of for 10 years. 断断续续共事了十年。

新编英语教程第三版第三册-句子翻译

1. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They all believed that he had a slim chance of success. 2. 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 I don’t know why she has an air of sadness all the time. 3. 等到所有同学都就座后，学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。 It was after all the students had taken their seats that the president of the students’union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4. 胃是人体至关重要的器官，请善待之。 The stomach is a vital organ of the human body; please take good care of it. 5. 他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles. 6. 她的研究涉及到多种语言和文化，富有挑战性。 Her study, which ranged over many languages and cultures, was full of challenge. 7. 根据安排，全体工作人员轮流值晚班。 As is scheduled, all the members of the staff take turns to do late duty. 8. 想到要远离父母独立生活，她深感不安。 She was greatly upset at the thought of leaving her parents and living on her own in a remote area. 9. 对于她是否胜任这项工作我们不甚担心，我们担心的是她的健康问题。We do not worry so much about her qualifications for the job as about her health. 10. 想到要作一次环球航海旅行，他为之激动不已。 He was greatly excited about the prospect of having a cruise around the world. 1. 看着自己孩提时代的玩具，我不禁疑惑起自己当年为何如此喜欢它们了。When looking at some children’s toys I played with during my childhood, I can’t help but wonder why I liked them so much then. 2. 一些官员指出：给银行高管发巨额奖金显示有必要实施某些金融改革。Some officials point out that the lavish bonuses to bank executives show the need for certain financial reforms. 3. 会长简单地陈述了马上要做的事，即选出一个秘书和财务管理人。 The president of the society briefly stated the business in hand, namely to choose a secretary and treasurer. 4. 与其因此发火，我们还不如想想该怎么办。 Instead of getting all riled up about this, we should try to figure out what to do. 5. 要是你爱上一个已经有男朋友的女孩又会怎样呢？你会告诉她你喜欢她吗？ What if you fall in love with a girl who is already attached with a boy friend? Will you tell her that you like her? 6. 他喜欢得意地欣赏自己赢得的所有奖品，他把这些奖品存放在一个玻璃柜里。 He likes to gloat over all the prizes he has won, which he keeps in a glass case. 7. 为了我们的所有孩子，请大家记住这一点，在选举日投出你明智的一票。For the sake of all of our children, please keep this in mind and vote sensibly on election day. 8. 上个月我们减少了外出吃饭的次数，因此节省了一大笔开销。 Last month we cut back on the amount we were eating out, so we saved a lot of money. 9. 之前我从未想过去尝试让“脸谱（Facebook）”成为联系老朋友的一个途径，但是我试了一下，就和多年前的一些老朋友取得了联系。 It never occurred to me to try Facebook as a way of connecting with old friends, but I tried it and got in touch with some friends from years ago. 10. 一位驻伊拉克的美军高级司令官宣布，伊拉克军队准备在美军撤走其战斗部队后接管安全工作。 A top U.S. military commander in Iraq declares that Iraqi forces are ready to take over security operations when the U.S. withdraws its combat troops. 1. 凡是听到她不幸遭遇的人无不深表同情。 No one who has heard about her misfortune will not feel deep sympathy for her. 2. 他提出这个问题是出于好奇心，而非出于求知欲。 He asked the question out of mere curiosity rather than out of any genuine desire for knowledge. 3. 这位年轻学者专心致志地开发新型的电脑翻译软件，他深信在不久的将来自己会成名。

新编英语教程5课文翻译

Unit One Hit the nail on the head恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety”含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety”跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道： 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异（singularity）”的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一，即抱定一个信念永不改变，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪，特性，是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用，这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话： 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment”暗示着强迫，威逼，这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结（summed up ）”就要好些。“概括（epitomized）”也行，尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”，那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质（essence）的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为： 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。 英语词汇丰富，运用灵活。一个意思有很多种表达方式。但是无论意思上如何相近的词总是存在着些许区别。作为学生就要敏感地意识到这些区别。通过查字典，尤其是通过阅读，

新编英语教程(第三版)unit6练习册答案

Reference for Unit 6 workbook exercises Blank Filling A. 1.changed, promising https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c17595608.html,ing, qualified 3.determined 4.spoken, leading, surprising 5.frightening 6.demanding 7.pleased, soiled https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c17595608.html,plicated 9.interested, exciting, soaked 10.tiring, tired B. 1.giving 2.Fascinated, rising / rise 3.singing, to do, making

4.keeping, playing, to be, to see, climbing 5.opening 6.to take, shopping, doing, to do 7.to have remembered, to tell, preparing, to do 8.to watch, to read, reading, watching 9.missing, to tell 10.to be taken 11.swimming, cleaning, to do 12.waiting, seeing, missing, to find, to be C. 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.on 5.read 6.across 7.about / for 8.in 9.until / till 10.opinion 11.by 12.keep 13.excellent 14.time 15.pleasure 16.from 17.yourself 18.in 19.filled 20.trains

新编英语教程6课文翻译

新编英语教程6课文 翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

第1单元避免两词铭记两词 在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。 他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。 当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人？” 我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。带着一丝忧伤的自豪。我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。我讲完后，他取下眼镜说：“到我的办公室去。”“到你的办公室你忘了带什么了吗”他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。” 外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切：放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说：“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听，看你是否能找出双字词的短语，这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑道：“不要这么困扰，我有我的目的。” 对我来说，录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人，他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败，他指责自己没有辛勤工作，也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人，她还没有结婚，因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思，她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲，她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦，她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机，侧身坐到椅子上：“在这些录音中，有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗没有噢，这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。”我向下一看，那里有两个清晰的红色的印字：如果。 “你受惊了吗？”老人说：“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗？他们总是对我说：如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。（如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点，或更无私点，或更自控点。）直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说（如果你停止说如果，我们就已取得进展了。）” 老人伸出双脚，说：“问题是，‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进，那样只是在浪费时间。最后，要是你让它成为一个习惯，它就会变成真的障碍，变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。” “现在回到你的情况：你的计划没成功，为什么？因为你犯了某种错误。唔，这个没关系，毕竟错误谁都会犯，我们也从中学到东西。但是，当你告诉我那些东西时却悔恨这个， 后悔那个的时候，你还没有从错误中学到什么。” “你怎么知道呢？”我用一种辩驳的语气问道。 “因为你还没有从过去中走出来。你根本没提及到未来。在某种程度上——老实说，——现在你仍沉溺于过去。我们

新编英语教程第三版李观仪Unit课文及译文参考

Unit 1 恰到好处 Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose. 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 The French have an apt（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,” (the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调）of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it. 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so（某某等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that