新世纪研究生英语课后习题及答案 考试复习

新世纪研究生英语课后习题及答案

Unit1

1. The representative（众议员）presented to the committee a petition(请愿书) signed by 1,200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislature.

2. The landlady fired the servant who pocketed(独吞) household funds for his own use.

3. After exploring for more than half a year, the ecologist felt a great from thrill(兴奋) spotting the

rare species at the foot of the mountain.

4. “Better late than never” is a platitude(陈词滥调) that is very familiar to most English speakers.

5. The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been importuning (胡搅蛮缠) for more pocket moneny all the time.

6. The unruly(不守规矩的) crowd became even more boisterous(喧闹的) when the negotiator tried to quiet them.

7. The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply ingrained（根深蒂固）in our culture.

8. The company was financially cornered（把…逼入绝境）and almost went into bankruptcy(破产) during last year’s economic recession.

9. The employees tried to avoid every risk that might incur（导致）her displeasure during the first

month after her divorce.

10. In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must make no provocative（刺激的，挑拨的）move.

11. The author of the book made a comparative study of courtesy（礼貌，礼节）between the two different cultrues. (etiquette 礼貌，礼节)

12. After long night of revelry（狂欢）at the New Year’s Eve party ,most of the guests were drunk（喝醉的）.(looped 喝醉的)

13. Since the beginning of last month, she has suffered now and then from a sharp and unexplained (不明原因的) headache for which the doctors are trying to find a cure. (unaccountable不明原因的)

14. The security guard spoke angrily and seriously(气愤的斥责) to the group of noisy boys acting up in the garden of the hotel. (told off 斥责)

15. Compared with all his peers, the young engineer had been noticeably（显着地）successful in that field.(conspicuously显着地)

16. Many men tend to regard daily housework such as cooking, cleaning and laundry to be an irritating（使人烦恼的）nuisance. (pesky使人烦恼的)

17. The psychiatrist encouraged his patient to release（释放）all his resentment at the way life had treated him.(let loose释放，放松)

18. In this lively(生动的) romantic historical novel, the author narrates a riveting（引人入胜的）love story between two great figures of the 19th century. (racy 生动的)

19. She was depressed by the gloomy(阴郁的，沮丧的), fog-bound scene on the waterfront and felt even more lonely.(murky 阴郁的，沮丧的)

20. The chairman advised both parties to calm down and be rational because thy had reached

a sensitive(敏感的) stage of their business negotiation.（ticklish棘手的，敏感的)

翻译：

To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.

Unit2

1. Italian neo-realist(新实在论者)cinema focused on working—class subjects, using amateur actors and filming on location, rather than in the studio.

2. Despite his wartime atrocities,(暴行)Hitler is still revered by neo-Nazi(新纳粹主义的) in many countries.

(新法西斯主义者)groups are an increasing threat to ethnic minorities across Europe.

4. By neocolonialism（新殖民主义）we mean the practice of granting a sort of independence with the concealed intention of making a liberated country a client—state.

5. The tutor tried hard to dissuade(阻止) students from using neologisms（新词）in formal writing

6. He is a neo-Darwinist(新进化论者) animals is principally determined by natural selection, and that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.

7. The architect traveled around the whole of Europe seeking Palladio’s wonderful

16th-century neoclassical（新古典主义的）buildings.

8. In view of the still unknown physical risks that cloning might impose on neonates（婴儿）appropriate.

9. The challenge for the future lies in fostering（培养）conditions in cities that will be favorable to economic growth.

10. The old lady reaved（赞扬）about her grandchildren for about an hour.

11. Gene therapy-----the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences in the embryo or the adult ------is the holy grail（最受欢迎的）of genetic medicine.

12. Through genetic engineering, will scientists be tampering with the genetic diversity that has been the mainstay（支柱）of human survival in the past?

13. A news release by the Chinese Ministry of Personnel printed in a few leading newspapers and on news websites caught the attention of thousands of twenty-somethings（人到二十）in October.

14. For many reasons, the vast majority of heterosexuals(异性的) still prefer the “old—fashioned”, sexual way of producing children. No other method better expresses the loving union of a man and a woman seeking to make a baby.

15. It is absolutely mandatory（强制的）that every driver of a veh icle must pass a driver’s license test.

16. In today’s lightning—speed world many singles are embracing（拥抱，接受）the newest trend in relationship ----- speed dating-------to size up a potential love interest.

17. As a young man, he spent a lot of time meditating（冥想）upon the purpose of life.

18. She really enjoyed the film because it was a(n)fusion(融合) of history and contemporary events.

翻译：

Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.

Unit3

1. In China, home computer ownership is expected to exceed（超过）that of the . and Europe combined. ( outstrip超过)

2. The company has been placed in a state of uncertainty(处于不确定状态) as the board decides what to do next.( limbo处于不确定状态)

3. He wrote quickly, but from time to time he stopped(停下来) and look out of the window. ( ceased停止)

4. Thousands of refugees left the country following（紧随）the outbreak of civil war.( in the wake of 紧随)

5. An airline spokesman stated that the safety of passengers was absolutely of the most importance（最重要的）.(paramount 最重要的)

6. The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult moral(道德的) questions. (ethical道德的)

7. TV coverage of the match had to be extended(延长) when it went into over -time.（prolonged延长)

8. He’s a good person to be with if ever you’re in a tough(艰难的) situation. ( thorny 艰难的)

9. He seemed to be a born（天生的）liar. ( congenital天生的)

10. The operation was rather painful, but I felt a lot better afterwards(之后). (subsequently 之后)

11. In the Netherlands euthanasia（安乐死）has already been legalized.

12. Some observers doubt whether the peace process can be salvaged(挽救).

13. Lack of essential minerals can cause deformity（畸形）in unborn children.

14. All the cars are tested for defects（不合格）before they leave the factory

15. We help people with mental or physical handicaps（残障）to find work

16. She had a(n)lingering（挥之不去的）sense of guilt for some time after breaking off her relationship with Henry.

17. The Government has to grapple with（努力克服）the problem of unemployment.

18. He was arrested for allegedly（据说，据称）stabbing his former wife

19. To her relief she was acquitted（无罪开释of all the charges laid against her.

20. The frontiers(尖端科学) of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.

翻译：

People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.

Unit 4

perceive shape and dimensions(规模，大小)------(size)

2. see cross-cultural varieties(品种；种类)------(types)

3. any intrusion(侵入；闯入)------(penetration)

4. essence(本质，实质)------(core)

5. the word means “in a house” or “from a chamber(室内的；私人的)”------(room)

6. adaptations(适应；改编)------(adjustments)

amount of distinguishing(有区别的)------(distinctive)

8. make careful distinctions(区别) among different spatial elements ------(differentiation)

9. secular and sacred(神的；神的）(holy)

10. different perceptions of time may cause cultural conflicts(冲突；矛盾)------(clashes)

11. Time is not a “mere connection”, as som e English anthropologists(人类学家)but one of the most basic organizing systems of life, because all situational behavior has a temporal and

a spatial dimension.

12. Patterns(模式)are those implicit cultural rules by means of which sets are arranged so that they take on meaning.

13. In fact, compared with more tangible(有形的；切实的)assaults on his

character------namely Jones’ pending sexual—harassment lawsuit and the federal investigation into White—water ------words in a book could barely hurt him.

14. A small but persistent(固执的，坚持的) … still don’t buy it.

15. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might infringe(侵犯；违反)—abiding gun owners , had already voted against the bill.

16. After all, scientists noted, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate(使…完整；使…成整体)

17. Suddenly, perfectly secular(世俗的；长期的)medieval—era arguments against the hubris of science.

18. My study of space---- how people experience it and create a model of the spatial(空间的；存在于空间的)world in the central nervous system-----forced me to acknowledge the perceptual clichés of my culture.

19. My ignorance of both hydroponics and of florist’s(花店)shops made me feel somewhat

I did not communicate in the manner I generally use when I am speaking on a familiar subject in a familiar setting.

20. To understand an organization, you have to consider all of its components. Organizations are

networks of related parts. Each element works together with the others to support efficient operations. The new MBA buzzword for it all is Organizational .Architecture(建筑学；建筑风格).

翻译：

As one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.

当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。因为从来没有人教我们要把空间与其它联想区别开来，所以我们常认为空间处理引发的感觉是出于其它的原因。从小到大。人们要学会几千种空间暗示，所有这些暗示在不同的情境中都有不同的含义。

Unit 5

(complete; engrossed) 全神贯注

for the use of the inn’s facilities (resources; means) 设施

(overlook; ignore) 宽恕，赦免

(contemptible) 令人憎恶的

(appraisals)评估

friend’ s mother was livid (furious) 狂怒的

(bravely; politely) 勇敢的

(idiot; fool) 性情古怪的人

(irritation;annoyance) 挑衅

(intentional; purposeful) 深思熟虑的

is not our desire to be provocative（挑衅的）, but the status quo cannot continue. Neither can the present standoff, without the danger of a more serious confrontation that nobody wants.

all derivatives, they function, essentially, as bets on the direction of particular markets.

So coveted is such insurance that the total face amount -----or notional（概念性的，抽象的）“ value”-----of swaps and similar contracts has soared to an astronomical $11 trillion.

, shareholders have moved to curb（抑制）such abuses-----just as they have moved to remove a number of CEOs in recent months.

day was star—crossed, Friday, October 13th, on the eve of the second anniversary of a(n) devastating（灾难性的）market crash.

15. In a(n)appalling(令人震惊的) demonstration of the mistreatment of recruits and their meager food rations, in March 1993 four sailors on Russky Island in the Far East died of malnutrition.

16. Even more interesting, from a business perspective（远景，观点，角度）,is the so—called intranet----the collection of networks that connect computers within corporations---- that both Sun and Microsoft have targeted as a rich area for growth.

17. She was at times less successful winning over her counterpart（副本，相似的人或物）at the ., who, like Napoleon’s army, travels on his stomach.

18. Members of the NASA—led team arrived in Washington fully prepared to enter the

fray(紧张).

19. Negotiation could sometimes defuse（平息，缓解）these situations and produce more acceptable consequences for both parties.

20. It may not seem much consolation to point out that the teacher, too, becomes frustrated （挫败的，泄气的）when his efforts appear to produce less than obvious result.

翻译：

Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangders of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well.

财富使美国人的行为一直受到国际上的关注，因为它是旅游业的基础。19世纪末，有人认为，在海外的美国人是那些骤增财富的内在危险的象征，并使他们那并非完美无缺的社会准则和道德标准面临腐蚀的危险。自吹自擂、粗俗鲁莽、贪得无厌、麻木不仁很快成了早期的丑陋美国人的象征。周游列国的旅行者在全国人口中虽然只是一小部分，但在许多外国人眼里，他们好像代表了这个国家的所有人。他们挥霍无度，看起来有用之不尽的资产，这是最大的危险。美钞大有把旧世界历史上的奇珍异宝掠之一空之势。一群追逐名利和涉猎文物古玩的人无孔不入，极大地扰乱了欧洲人的私生活。

Unit 6

1. Marsgall’s skills and her pleasant and sociable personality made her very effective in her public relations job. (outgoing)(对人友好的，开朗的)

was small, pretty, and very ambitions. (petite)（女子）娇小的，小个子的

3. He was always strongly and clearly…(emphatically)着重地；强调地

4. On the surface Dana was calm and self-assured,…(self-possessed)镇静的；冷静的

5. Many of its best-educated residents have been driven to neighboring countries in searching of better jobs. (quest)追求；寻找

was certainly the most attractive and pleasant lecturer there. (personable)风度好的；貌美的

7. For a while she imagined that …. (fntasized)幻想；想像

8. I like the idea of getting m arried but I don’t accept the traditional view of what marriage should be all about. (buy into)买进；入股

9. They decided to postpone that she wedding until Pam’s mother was out of the hospital (defer)推迟；延期

10. The government involved in a bitter dispute between the miners and their

employers.( caught up)抓起，捉住

11. Fathers are encouraged to be more involved(有关的；卷入的)with their families.

12. Edinburgh sees itself as a university of the new millennium,committed(坚定的；效忠的)to research and teaching.

13. I couldn’t figure out(解决；算出；想出)who the lady with the sunglasses was.

14. Researchers are convinced(确信的；深信的) that…

15. Spatial mobility tends to be highest among the most affluent(富裕的；丰富的)groups on the one hand and the poorest on the other.

16. She didn’t want to be tied down(冷静) by a full-time job.

17. She loves her life and is immersed in the quest(追求；寻找)for knowledge for knowledge’s sake.

18. It seems like everybody in America is looking for the end of the rainbow(虹桥的尽头).

19. Some claim that the herb has therapeutic(治疗的)value for treating pain.

20. She has lots of good ideas, but she has formulating(使公式化；系统地阐述)difficulty. 翻译：

我赞成这样的理想：人应该各方面都很出色，既要有头脑，也要有健美的体格。我希望能得到某种幸福和快乐。美国是能得到这些东西的最好的地方，因为这里的人和我们的思想来自世界各地。至今到美国来寻梦的仍然大有人在。

现在我明白了，决定美国梦能否实现的不是教育、不是机会、也不是艰苦的工作，而是权势和恐惧感。你在企业里爬到的地位越高，你失去的东西就越多。美国梦并没有破灭。今天在美国十分流行的想法是：千万不能失去梦想。

I agree to this ideal: people should be good in all aspects, It is necessary to have not only the mind, but also magnificent physique. I hope to get some kind of happiness and joy. The United States is the best place to get these things, because the people here and their ideas come from all over the world. So far , here are still many people to seek a dream.

Now I know, It is not education, not opportunities, and not hard work, but power and fear that decide whether the American dream can come to be or not. The higher your position is in enterprise, the more you lose something. The American dream is not the end. The idea is very popular in the United States today: never lose one’s dream.

Unit 7

1. The old lady complained continuously（不停抱怨）about the way her granddaughters dressed .(carped 吹毛求疵)

2. His painting gave a concrete form(给一个…形式) to the spirit of the age.(embodied呈现)

3. The poor couple suffered great pain(经受巨大痛苦) every night over the decision to send their sons to school and keep their only daughter at home to help with farming

work.(agonized感到巨大痛苦)

4. He issued an open and direct （公开直接的）denial (否定)of the story that he was involved in bribery. (outright 直率的，彻底的)

5. Bill looked hard(凝视) at the computer screen, wondering what his programming mistake was. (peered凝视)

6. Mary’s parents knew clearly that their daughter’s poor （可怜的）scoreswould keep her out of any prestigious university. (mediocre中等的，普通的)

7. The company was flooded with（被…淹了）application letters after their advertisement for new employees appeared in local newspapers. (inundated 淹没)

8. The manager stubbornly opposed(坚决反对) the suggestion to reduce his staff despite his failing business. (bucked 抗拒)

9. John Bull is always speaking sharply(尖锐的地说) to his workers for no apparent reason. (snarling at咆哮)

10. The rain came gradually to a stop（逐渐开始停止）before we got started. (petered out 逐渐消失)

11. Gas lamps became obsolete(淘汰) when electric lighting became popular.

12. It is very hard for me not to wince(畏缩)when I see a nurse putting a needle into my arm.

13. No one would deny that the marathon is the most grueling(折磨人的) event in the sports meeting.

14. They whizzed through the rehearsal so that there would be time for a short meeting.

15. The film star made a(n)pretentious(自命不凡的，做作的) speech to journalists, stating that he only cared about art,not wealth.

16. The senator squelched（镇压）the reporters who tried to interrupt him during his speech.

17. It took a long time for him to mull（思索）over the whole thing before eventually making

a decision.

18. It was exciting to see such a movie for the first time, but we soon became jaded (厌

倦)when our TV was flooded with programs of a similar kind.

19. Jane hoped her new housemaid could be trusted, but she will had some misgivings（疑虑）.

20. When the war broken out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking sanctuary（避难所）in the neighboring country.

21. Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has been unfazed （坦然的）by all the recent media attention.

22. The man ’s posed(假装) as a health-worker in order to get into the old lady’s house, and then stole her money.

23. Years ago, people would have scoffed（嘲笑）at the notion that robots would operate on patients instead of surgeons.

24. Mrs. Williams was upset when she heard that her son had misbehaved（行为不端）at school.

翻译:

Clinton and Bush are different greatly from each other. Clinton attends in person to everything, trival of critical; He can memorize data well just like a computer; He and his advisors never fail to take part in the interminable meeting of politics or economy. On the contrary, Bush dislike a meeting that lasts over 15 minutes, and even loathes being bothered by confusing figures. Clinton has cared very much about public approval presented by polls since his early presidency, where Bush, in a sharp contrast, proclaimed at the outset of his election that he would make all decisions on his own.

Clinton is an avid reader, but his successor is not. Joyful, casual and elegant, the ex-president time and again drinks a little, but the new president has been a teetotal since he abstained from it 14 years ago.

Bush Jr. was born of a privileged WASP family in Texas, while the former, from an ordinary family, has tempered himself and developed his talents in hardships. He works with his wisdom and eloquence, which his successor is short of.

2017年考研英语考试真题

2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，t oday’s unem ployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

新世纪大学英语1课后翻译

An Integrated English Course One Translation Unit 1 (1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. (2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police. (7) There/It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer. (8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11) The film is based on a play by/of Shakespeare. (12) If you have a good command/mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/in job-hunting. Unit 2 (1) Many teachers frowned on this practice. (2) An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn. (3) When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face. (4) My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school. (5) Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area. (6) Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest. (7) He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school. (8) The fury on her face terrified me. I dared not say no to her again. (9) No wonder you ended up in trouble. You never followed your parents’ advice. (10) It took him two years to adapt to the new environment Unit 3 (1) William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic that he will win her heart. (2) He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself. (3) They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civilization. (4) We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set. (5) We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.

考研英语试题及答案.docx

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section II Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 33changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting 22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because 23.[A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation 24.[A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response 25.[A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else 26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding

研究生英语考试试卷

General English Qualifying Test for Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008 (A 卷) ******************************考试注意事项*************************** 一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解三部分，共70题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括改错、写作。 二．试卷一的答案请按要求在答题卡上填涂，否则无效。试卷二的改错、写作部分请直接在试卷二上答题. Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A. The weather has been warm lately. B. The furnace has broken down. C. The building’s heating system dries the air. D. The woman should put medicine on her lips. 2. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A refinished cellar. D. A new record. 3. A. They need to turn up ahead. B. She doesn’t know where State Street is. C. There was no left turn at the last intersection. D. The man missed the turn.

新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀白蒋静仪

新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀 白蒋静仪 Translation in Unit1 (1)法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名。(disclose) The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim. (2)老师费尽苦心务必使我们全都理解他的话，(take pains to do sth) The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said. (3)最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查。(conduct， attain) Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence. (4)他说他要接受这份工作，我们要求他写封信证实。(confirm) He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter. (5)乔治学习很努力，他要尽量利用学习的机会。(make the most of) George studies very hard. He wants to make the most of his chance to learn. (6)我们不能去。第一，天气太冷。另外，我们正忙着。(to begin with) We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’re busy. (7)该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。(speak up) It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts. (8)此时此刻你应该工作而不该在床上躺着。(instead of) You should be working instead of lying there in bed at this time of the day. (9)他发言时，我要记些笔记。(jot down)

研究生英语期末考试试卷

ad if 命 封 线 密

A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

新世纪研究生英语课后翻译全

UNIT1 1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to climb the mountain. In a twinkling, it crash into the mountain and blew up .No one survived in the accident. 3. Students have easy access to the resource in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at the time, hit an iceberg when she was under the way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach, they packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunshine. 6. They have been to St.Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now, they lapsed into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approached. Unit 2 1. Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat various of inequality. 2. Although, internet can undeniable fosters communication, it will not put an end to wars. Since wars are by no means cause by the failure of different people to understand each other equality. 3. The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online replace real-world activities. 4. The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently, therefore, it make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal. 5. Thanks to internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased. 6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away it UNTT 3 1. Many studies indicate that desert air is so dry that it contains any moisture. 2. Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws, about 1% of the children still can not read when they have primary school. 3. After heared the news, I knew I fell restless again within a fortnight. 4. We think unanimously to answer the question, we must look more closely at the faces. 5. Though out the world, government at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution. 6. Some people think that the objective items, such as multiple choices, should be used for an examination, others do not agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students leaning.