(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结(2),推荐文档
英国文学史
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2. Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 ·乔叟1340~1400
(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
②
③
Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1. new discoveries in geography and astrology
2. the religious reformation and economic expansion
3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）The poets’poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
①
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
②
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
③
2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①
3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
①
②
The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
②
5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
①
②
③
6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?
① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies四大喜剧:
③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:
④Shakespeare Sonnet :
154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③
④
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.
Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
IV The 18th Century
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：
In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1. Alexander? Pope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.
①
Artistic features:
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c618759170.html,ing “heroic couplets”
②
③
2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =英语大词典
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
①
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国
Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛
Houyhnhnm 马岛
②
③ 木桶的故事
④
4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福1660~1731
小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
①
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.
②
③
④
5. Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
① novels:
② plays:
6.Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems:
② novel:
7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯利·施莱登1751~1816
①
②
8. William Blake威廉·布莱克1757~1827
①
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.
②
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
9.Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
② 一朵红红的玫瑰
③
④ 不管那一套
⑤
⑥
⑦
V The Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to
the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets）
①
②
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
②
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①
②
③
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
④
⑤
⑥
3. George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
①
②
4.Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822
① Poetic Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
②
Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
5.John? Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
① Four great odes:
②
Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods
6. Jane Austen简·奥斯丁1775~1817
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
①
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
7. Walter? Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
①
②
VI The Victorian Period
Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.
1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
①
②
③
④圣诞颂歌
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑨
⑩
2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863
①
②
3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855
①
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.
②
③
4. Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wuthering? Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880
①
② < Adam? Bede>亚当?比德
③ < Silas? Marner>织工马南
④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契
6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break,? Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击
③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
7. Robert? Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889
① < My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人
② < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思
Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
①
8. Robert Louis Stevenson
①
9. Thomas? Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）
⑴ Novels
① < Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
② < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德
③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下
④ < Far From? The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥ < The Return of the Native>还乡
⑵Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century Playwrights
① Oscar Wilde
② George Bernard Shaw
1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies:
② Novel:
③ Fairy Stories:
2. George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
⑴ Plays
① Plays Unpleasant
② Plays Pleasant
③Plays
Novelists (Realists)
1. Joseph Concrad
①
②
1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart.
2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.
According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.
Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c618759170.html,ment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.
Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the
比的知识点整理
【求几个数的连比方法】求几个数的连比的方法，如 已知甲数与乙数的比是5∶6，乙数与丙数的比是8∶7，求甲乙丙三个数的连比。 解题时，可先把两个比排列成右面竖式的形式，再在两个空位上填入左边或右边相邻的数（为了与比的项相区别，用括号括起来），然后将每一竖行的两个数相乘，就得出了甲乙丙这三个数的连比。如果这个连比中各个项都含有除1以外的公约数，就用公约数去除各个项，直到它们的最大公约数是1为止，从而将这一连比化简。 【求比的未知项的方法】求比的未知项的方法比较简单：（1）未知项x为前项，则x=后项×比值；（2）未知项x为后项，则x=前项÷比值。 【解比例的方法】解比例就是求比例中的未知项。解比例的方法也比较简单： （1）若未知数x为其中的一个外项，则 （2）若未知数x为其中的一个内项，则 比和比例
比的概念是借助于除法的概念建立的。 两个数相除叫做两个数的比。例如，5÷6可记作5∶6 两个数的比叫做单比，两个以上的数的比叫做连比。例如a∶b∶c。连比中的“∶”不能用“÷”代替，不能把连比看成连除。把两个比化为连比，关键是使第一个比的后项等于第二个比的前项，方法是把这两项化成它们的最小公倍数。例如， 甲∶乙=5∶6，乙∶丙=4∶3， 因为[6，4]=12，所以 5∶6=10∶12，4∶3=12∶9， 得到甲∶乙∶丙=10∶12∶9。 例1 已知3∶(x-1)=7∶9，求x。 解：7×(x-1)=3×9， x-1=3×9÷7， 比的意义 两个数相除又叫做两个数的比。 “：”是比号，读作“比”。比号前面的数叫做比的前项，比号后面的数叫做比的后项。比的前项除以后项所得的商，叫做比值。 例如21:7 其中21是前项，7是后项，3为这个比的比值。 同除法比较，比的前项相当于被除数，后项相当于除数，比值相当于商。比值通常用分数表示，也可以用小数表示，有时也可能是整数。比的后项不能是零。根据分数与除法的关系，可知比的前项相当于分子，后项相当于分母，比值相当于分数值。
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
(完整word版)电磁兼容知识点总结,推荐文档
填空题 1、电磁干扰的危害主要体现在两个方面：a.电气、电子设备的相互影响；b.电磁污染对人体的影响 2、电磁兼容设计方法： a.问题解决法。问题解决法是先研制设备，然后针对调试中出现的电磁干扰的问题，采用各种电磁干扰抑制技术加以解决。 b.规范法。规范法是按颁布的电磁兼容性标准和规范进行设备或系统的设计制造。 c.系统法。系统法是利用计算机软件对某一特定系统的设计方案进行电磁兼容性分析和预测。 3、电磁干扰的三要素 1、形成电磁干扰的三个基本条件：骚扰源，对骚扰敏感的接收单元，把能量从骚扰源耦合到接收单元的传输通道，称为电磁干扰三要素。 骚扰源——耦合通道——敏感单元 2、电路受干扰的程度可用公式描述I WC S S 为电路受干扰的程度；W 为骚扰源的强度；C 为骚扰源通过某种路径到达被干扰处的耦合因素；I 为被干扰电路的抗干扰性能。 4、 屏蔽技术是利用屏蔽体阻断或减少电磁能量在空间传播的一种技术，是减少电磁发射和实现电磁骚扰防护的最基本，最重要的手段之一，采用屏蔽有两个目的，一是限制内部产生的辐射超出某一个区域，二是防止外来的辐射进入某一区域。 5、常用的电磁密封衬垫有1.金属丝网衬垫2.导电布衬垫3.导电橡胶4.指形簧片 6、电源线滤波器：作用主要是抑制设备的传导发射或提高对电网中骚扰的抗扰度，虽然同为抑制骚扰，但两者的方向不同，前者是防止骚扰从设备流入电网（称为电源EMI 滤波器），后者是防止电网中的骚扰进入设备（称为电源滤波器） 6、干扰控制接地：1.浮地2.单点接地3.多点接地4.混合接地 8、电磁兼容性GB 的定义：设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作且不对该环境中任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。 9、电磁骚扰：可能引起装置、设备或系统性能降低或对有生命、无生命物质产生损害作用的电磁现象。电磁骚扰可以是电磁噪声、无用信号或有用信号，也可以是传播媒介自身的变化。 10、电磁干扰：由电磁骚扰引起的设备、系统或传播通道的性能下降。电磁骚扰是指电磁能量的发射过程，后者则强调电磁骚扰造成的后果。 11、谐波电流的抑制方法 1、电流侧设置LC 滤波器 2、采取有源功率因数校正 3、采用PWM 整流器 4、多绕组变压器的多脉整流
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
比和比例知识点归纳
比和比例知识点归纳 1、比的意义和性质 比的意义：两个数相除又叫做两个数的比。例如：9 : 6 = 1.5 前比后比 项号项值 比的基本性质：比的前项和后项都乘以或除以相同的数（零除外），比值不变。 应用比的基本性质可以化简比。 习题： 一、判断。 1、比的前项和后项同时乘一个相同的数，比值不变。（） 2、比的基本性质和商的基本性质是一致的。（） 3、10克盐溶解在100克水中，这时盐和盐水的比是1:10. （） 4、比的前项乘5，后项除以1／5，比值不变。（） 5、男生比女生多2／5，男生人数与女生人数的比是7:5. （） 6、“宽是长的几分之几”与“宽与长的比”，意义相同，结果表达不同。（） 7、2／5既可以看做分数，也可以看做是比。（） 二、应用题。 1.一项工程，甲单独做20天完成，乙单独做30天完成。 （1）写出甲、乙两队完成这项工程所用的时间比，并化简。 （2）写出甲、乙两队工作效率比，并化简。
2.育才小学参加运动会的男生人数和女生人数的比是5∶3，其中女生72人。那么男生比女生多多少人 3.食品店有白糖和红糖共360千克，红糖的质量是白糖的。红糖和白糖各有多少千克 4.甲、乙两个车间的平均人数是162人，两车间的人数比是5∶7。甲、乙两车间各有多少人 5.有一块长方形地，周长100米，它的长与宽的比是3∶2。这块地有多少平方米 6.建筑用混凝土是由水泥、沙、石子按5∶4∶3搅拌而成，某公司建住宅楼需混凝土2400吨，需水泥、沙、石子各多少吨 外项 2、比例的意义和性质： 比例的意义：表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例。例如：9 ：6 = 3 ： 2 内项 比例的基本性质：在比例中两个内项的积等于两个外项的积。 应用比例的基本性质可以解比例。 3、比和分数、除法的关系：
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
电磁兼容性分析
电磁兼容性(EMC，即Electromagnetic Compatibility)是指设备或系统在其电磁环境中符 合要求运行并不对其环境中的任何设备产生无法忍受的电磁骚扰的能力。因此，EMC包括两个方面的要求:一方面是指设备在正常运行过程中对所在环境产生的电磁骚扰(Electromagnetic Disturbance)不能超过一定的限值;另一方面是指设备对所在环境中存在的电磁骚扰具有一定程度的抗扰度，即电磁敏感性(Electromagnetic Susceptibility，即EMS)。 自从电子系统降噪技术在70年代中期出现以来，主要由于美国联邦通讯委员会在1990年和欧盟在1992提出了对商业数码产品的有关规章，这些规章要求各个公司确保它们的产品符合严格的磁化系数和发射准则。符合这些规章的产品称为具有电磁兼容性EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility)。 电磁兼容性electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) 设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作且不对该环境中的任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。(GB/T 4365-1995中1.7节) 干扰的形成 1、折叠干扰源与受干扰源 无论何种情况下电磁相容的问题出现总是存在两个互补的方面: 一个是干扰发射源和一个为此干扰敏感的受干扰设备。 如果一个干扰源与受干扰设备都处在同一设备中称为系统内部的EMC 情况。 不同设备间所产生的干扰状况称为系统间的EMC 情况。 大多数的设备中都有类似天线的特性的零件如电缆线、PCB 布线、内部配线、机械结构等这些零件透过电路相耦合的电场、磁场或电磁场而将能量转移。 实际情况下设备间和设备内部的耦合受到了屏蔽与绝缘材料的限制而绝缘材料的吸收与导体相比的影响是微不足道的。 电缆线对电缆线的耦合既可以是电容性也可以是电感性并且取决于方位、长度及接近程度的影响。 2、折叠公共阻抗的耦合 公共阻抗耦合线路是干扰源与受干扰设备共用电路阻抗所引起的。 公共导线也因两个电流环之间的互感而引起或因两个电压节点之间的互容耦合而引起。 对于传导性的公共阻抗耦合的解决是将连接线分离使系统各自独立避免形成公共阻抗。 折叠发射 来自PCB 的发射:在大多数设备中主要的电流源是流入PCB 板上的电路中这些能量借由PCB 板所模拟成的天线而将干扰辐射出去。 来自电缆线的辐射:干扰电流以共模形式产生于在PCB 和设备内部其他位置形成的对地噪声并沿着导体或者屏蔽电缆的屏蔽层流动。 传导发射:干扰也可能从其他电缆以感性或容性方式偶合到电缆线上。 产生的干扰可能以差模(在火线与中线或在信号线之间)或共模(在火线/中线/信号线与接地
比例知识点归纳及练习题教学提纲
《比例》的整理与复习 重点知识归纳 1：比例的意义 （1）什么叫比例？比和比例的区别和联系？从意义、各部分名称、基本性质这几个方面找区别 （2）判断四个数是否成比例的方法是什么？ 2、比例的基本性质 3、什么是解比例？解比例的依据 4、正比例和反比例的意义、它们的图像分别有什么特点。 正比例和反比例的相同点和不同点有哪些？ 5、比例尺的意义。比例尺、图上距离、实际距离三者的关系 比例尺的分类 （1）按表现形式， 可以分为数值比例尺和线段比例尺 （2）按将实际距离放大还是缩小分， 分为缩小比例尺和放大比例尺。 6、图形的放大与缩小 把图形按2：1表示 把图形按1：2缩小表示 （1）图形的放大与缩小的特点是：相同，不同 （2）图形的放大或缩小的方法： 一看，二算，三画。分别说出它们的含义 7、用比例解决问题的方法步骤是什么 一、填空： 1、写出比值是6的两个比，并组成比例是（）。 2、比的前项缩小2倍，后项扩大3倍，则比值是原来的（）。 3、在y=12x,x与y成（）比例；在y= 中，x与y成（）比例 4、把比例尺1 ：2000000改写成线段比例尺是（）。 5、在一个比例里，两个外项的积是10，一个內项是0.4，另一个內项是（）。 6、18的因数有（）；选出其中的4个组成比例是（）。 7、圆的周长与半径成（）比例；圆的面积与半径成（）比例。 8、正方形的周长与边长成（）比例；正方形的面积与边长成（）比例。 9、三角形的面积一定，它的底与高成（)比例。 10、三角形的高一定，它的面积和底成（）比例。 11、如果8a=9b，那么a和b成（）比例。 12、把一个长6cm,宽4cm的长方形按2 ：1放大，得到图形的面积是（）。 13、圆锥的底面积一定，它的体积和高成（）比例。 14、一张地图的比例尺是1 ：5000000，地图上的1厘米相当于实际距离（）千米。 15、x的等于y的，则x与y成（）比例。
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
如何提高电磁兼容性
如何提高电磁兼容性 电磁兼容性设计是老生常谈的话题，但在电磁环境日益复杂的今天，电磁兼容设计依然很重要，不是么？这里分享几点“过来人”总结的电磁兼容设计策略，或许这已经是您电路设计践行的准则，那就让我们一起多多分享这些设计经验，努力提高电磁兼容性，构建“和谐”电磁环境吧！ 1、选择合理的导线宽度 由于瞬变电流在印制线条上所产生的冲击干扰主要是由印制导线的电感成分造成的，因此应尽量减小印制导线的电感量。印制导线的电感量与其长度成正比，与其宽度成反比，因而短而精的导线对抑制干扰是有利的。时钟引线、行驱动器或总线驱动器的信号线常常载有大的瞬变电流，印制导线要尽可能地短。对于分立元件电路，印制导线宽度在 1.5mm 左右时，即可完全满足要求；对于集成电路，印制导线宽度可在0.2～1.0mm之间选择。 2、采用正确的布线策略 采用平等走线可以减少导线电感，但导线之间的互感和分布电容增加，如果布局允许，最好采用井字形网状布线结构，具体做法是印制板的一面横向布线，另一面纵向布线，然后在交叉孔处用金属化孔相连。 3、为了避免高频信号通过印制导线时产生的电磁辐射，在印制电路板布线时，还应注意以下几点： （1）尽量减少印制导线的不连续性，例如导线宽度不要突变，导线的拐角应大于90度禁止环状走线等。 （2）时钟信号引线最容易产生电磁辐射干扰，走线时应与地线回路相靠近，驱动器应紧挨着连接器。 （3）总线驱动器应紧挨其欲驱动的总线。对于那些离开印制电路板的引线，驱动器应紧紧挨着连接器。 （4）数据总线的布线应每两根信号线之间夹一根信号地线。最好是紧紧挨着最不重要的地址引线放置地回路，因为后者常载有高频电流。
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
六上-第三章-比和比例知识点总结及相应练习(20210120073134)
第三章比和比例 3.1比的意义 1. 将a 与b 相除叫3与b 的比，记作a ： b,读作&比b 2. 求&与b 的比，b 不能为零 3. &叫做比例询项，b 叫做比例后项，前项&除以后项b 的商叫做比值 4-求两个同类量的比值时，如果单位不同，先统一单位再做比 5.比值可以用整数、分数或小数表示 练习： 1、 比的前项是73,比的后项是3 7 ,它们的比值是 _____________________ : 2、 一支铅笔长23厘米，一根绳子长4.6米，它们的比是 3.100米的赛跑中，若甲用了 12秒，乙用了 14秒冲乙的速度之比是 _________ 4、把10克盐完全溶解在110克水中，盐与盐水重量之比是 _________________ 3.2比的基本性质 1. 比的基本性质是 比的前项和后项同时乘以或除以相同的数（0除外）, 比值不变 2. 利用比的基本性质，可以把比华为最简整数比 3. 两个数的比，可以用比号的形式表示，也可以用分数的形式表示 4. 三项连比性丿贞是：如果a ： b=m ： n, b ： c=n ： k,那么定b ： c^m ： n ： k a b c 如果 kHO,那么心 b ： c=ak ： bk ： ck=^： 丄 5. 将二个整数比化为最简整数比，就是给每项除以最大公约数； 将三个分数化为最简整数比，先求分母的最小公倍数，再给各项乘以分母的最 小公倍数； 将三个小数比化为最简整数比，先给各项同乘以10, 100, 1000等，化为整数比, 再化为最简整数比 6. 求三项连比的一般步骤是： （1） 寻找关联量，求关联量对应的两个数的最小公倍数 （2） 根据毕的基本性质，把两个比中关联量化成相同的数 （3） 对应写出三项连比 练习 5、化成最简整数比 6、如果d :b = 2:3、b :c = 6:5,那么 a\b\c = _________ 7、一项工程，甲队单独做4天完成.乙队单独做5天完成，丙队单独做7天完成，那么 甲乙 丙三队的工作效率之比是 _____________________ : 3.3比例 (1) 0.75:1.5= ____________ (3) ―-一=9:5 ( ) (5) 48 分：0.4 小时= ______________ (2) 76g ： 19g (4)-= (6) 1.125:51 = ____________ 2
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
EMC测试基础知识
EMC的基本概念 电磁兼容EMC（Electromagnetic compatibility), 对于设备或系统的性能指标来说，直译为“电磁兼容性” 但作为一门学科来说，应该译为“电磁兼容”。 国家标准GB/T4365-1995《电磁兼容术语》对电磁兼容所下的定义为“设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作且不对该环境中任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。” 该标准等同采用IEC60050（161）。 电磁兼容是研究在有限的空间、有限的时间、有限的频谱资源条件下，各种用电设备（分系统、系统；广义的还包括生物体）可以共存并不致引起降级的一门科学。 EMC的测试项目 EMC的测试项目 EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容 EMI: Electromagnetic Emission 电磁发射 EMS: Electromagnetic Susceptibility 电磁敏感度 CE: Conducted Emission 传导发射 RE: Radiated Emission 辐射发射 CS: Conducted Susceptibility 传导敏感度 RS: Radiated Susceptibility 辐射敏感度
CE：Conducted emission 任何一个非便携式设备都和其他设备有电缆互连关系，无论是通过电源电缆还是信号电缆，只要有这种互连关系的存在，设备就有一个途径将自身的共模电流传导给与其互连的设备，这种现象就叫传导干扰，又成为传导发射。 CE：测试设备通过自己的电源端口向交流电网或直流配电网络传送的干扰，测试频段为 150kHz～30MHz，（原来直流的测试频段起始频率为20MHz，新版的欧洲386标准将其改为150kHz，此外FCC标准中测试频段也已经和CISPR 22一致了）。 n通信端CE、测试频段同上，此处描述的通信端指得是针对接驳到公网的端口，如网口、ISDN 口等才有CE测试要求，而对于接终端的信号端口如音视频端口则无CE要求。 n LISN：Line impedance stabilization network线路阻抗稳定网络，用来 n进行电源端CE测试时的阻抗稳定，并且该网络上面有一取样端子， n EUT沿电源线向外的干扰就从此端子取出，送至接收机进行检波。 n RE主要是考察设备在正常工作时自身对外界的辐射干扰强度，测试频段根据不同的标准要求不同，在CISPR 14中，测试频段为30～300MHz，值得注意的是设备进行RE测试时标准要求尽可能满配置、满负荷的运行。RE问题是EMC中的难点。主要因为RE设计产品EMC设计的各个环节：屏蔽、滤波、接地。 Harmonics：交流电源谐波 n设备的输入电压为正弦波（50Hz或者60Hz），当该电压的输入负载为非线性电路时，将会使得输入电流发生畸变，即输入电流不为正弦波，根据傅利叶变换，非正弦波信号在频域将会存在谐波，这些谐波电流将会降低设备电源的使用效率，并且会倒灌至电网，对电网产生污染。 n测试标准：IEC 61000-3-2。 n测试上限为基频的40次谐波频率。 Flickers：交流电源闪烁 n考察设备电源模块引起输入电源的频率变化能力，该中频率变化从设备端口反灌入电网，会引起电网频率的波动，导致对人体的伤害。 n测试标准：IEC 61000-3-3。 ESD：Electrostatic discharge n ESD：静电放电，考察设备在接收外界静电源（如带电人体、带电设备等）所产生的直接放电或静电场干扰时的抵抗能力。 n测试标准：IEC 61000-4-2。 n静电波形及参数
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后历代对教师的别称之一。《韩非子》也有云：“今有不才之子……师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 一、正比例：两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的比值(也就是商)一定，这两种量就叫做成正比例的量，它们的关系就叫做正比例关系。 单靠“死”记还不行,还得“活”用,姑且称之为“先死后活”吧。让学生把一周看到或听到的新鲜事记下来,摒弃那些假话套话空话,写出自己的真情实感,篇幅可长可短,并要求运用积累的成语、名言警句等,定期检查点评,选择优秀篇目在班里朗读或展出。这样,即巩固了所学的材料,又锻炼了学生的写作能力,同时还培养了学生的观察能力、思维能力等等,达到“一石多鸟”的效果。 二、反比例：两种相关联的量，一种量变化，另一种量也随着变化，如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定，这两种量就叫做成反比例的量，它们的关系就叫做反比例关系。 三、正比例与反比例的区别： 课本、报刊杂志中的成语、名言警句等俯首皆是,但学生写作文运用到文章中的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。为什
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