英国文学史复习资料(吴伟仁版上册)
英国文学史复习资料（上册）
★《贝奥武夫》Beowulf 它体现的是英雄叙事长诗，完成于公元九世纪。全诗长3183行，以斯堪的纳维亚（Sc andinavia）的英雄贝奥武夫（Beowulf）的英勇事迹构成主要内容。勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗，使其断臂而死。怪物之母为子复仇，又被他追踪杀死。后来他做了国王。一次火龙来犯，他挺身斩龙，伤重而死，人民为他举行了隆重的葬礼。本诗以西撒克斯（Wessex）方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，是流传至今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。（安格鲁-撒克逊时期）
★《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》Sir Gaw ain and the Green Knight是英语韵文浪漫诗的杰出代表。全诗共2529行，作者不详，创作于诺曼时期向新时代过渡的14世纪它的题材属于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的传说系列。作品以巨大的艺术表现力反映了骑士制度的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。在艺术上，此诗语言优美含蓄，情节完整紧凑，人物性格细腻丰满，诗中对大自然的精确而富于魅力的描写尤为引人注目，代表了中古英格兰北部头韵体诗歌艺术的最高成就。（安格鲁-罗马时期）
★杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chauc er,约1343～1400）率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》Canterbury Tales,描写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术成就
很高，远远超过了以前同时代的英国文学作品，是英国文学史上现实主义的第一部典范。作品将幽默和讽刺结合，喜剧色彩浓厚，其中大多数故事用双韵诗体写成，对后来的英国文学产生了影响。乔叟用富有生命力的伦敦方言进行创作，也为英国文学语言奠定了基础。（杰弗雷·乔叟时期）
★莎士比亚（W. William Shakespeare；1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》(英：Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello)、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Mac Beth）。著名喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）。历史剧：《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《查理二世》等。还写过154首十四行诗，二首长诗。本·琼森称他为“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。1616年4月23日病逝，出生日期与逝世日期恰好相同。莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先驱者伽利略同一年出生。被人们尊称为“莎翁”。（文艺复兴时期）
★弗兰西斯·培根（Franc is Bac on ，1561—1626）是英国哲学家、思想家、作家和科学家。被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”。他在逻辑学、美学、教育学方面也提出许多思想。著有《新工具》《论说随笔文集》等。（文艺复兴时期）
★约翰·多恩（John Donne（1572 - 1631）英国诗人、教士。1572年生于伦敦的一个富商之家，1631 年3月31日卒于伦敦。信仰罗马天主教。早年曾参加埃塞克斯伯爵对西班牙的海上远征军，后成为女王大臣托马斯·埃格尔顿爵士的秘书。1615年改信英国国教，后出任教职，成为当时著名的布道者，1621年起被任命为伦敦圣保罗大教堂
的教长。代表作《歌》Song、《死亡，不要骄傲》Death be not proud、离别辞：节哀A Valediction：Forbidding Mourning。（资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期）
★约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton,1608～1674）英国诗人、政论家，民主斗士，是清教徒文学的代表，他的一生都在为资产阶级民主运动而奋斗，代表作《失乐园》Paradise Lost 是《荷马史诗》、《神曲》并称为西方三大诗歌。另外写有《复乐园》Paradise Regained 和《力士参孙》Samson Agonistes。（资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期）
★约翰·班扬(John Bunyan，1628—1688)是和莎士比亚齐名的、同属英国文艺复兴后期的著名作家。他出身贫寒，16岁便应征参加了一场集宗教和政治于一体的双重战争，后来又经历了历时多年的生活和信仰危机。代表作为《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress、《浮华集市》Vanity fair。（资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期）
★丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe，1660～1731)，英国小说家，英国18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“英国小说之父”。代表作《鲁宾孙漂流记》Robinson Crusoe。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★江奈生·斯威夫特（Jonathan Sw ift ，1667-1745）是18世纪英国著名文学家、讽刺作家、政治家，被高尔基誉为“世界伟大文学创造者”其代表作品是寓言小说《格列佛游记》Guiliver’s Travels，其他作品有《桶的故事》The Tale of a Tub、《书的战争》The Battle of the Books，另有大量的政论和讽刺诗以抨击英国殖民主义政策，受到读者热烈欢迎。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★约瑟夫·艾迪生（Joseph Addison，1672年5月1日~1719年6月17日）英国散文家、诗人、剧作家以及政治家。艾迪生的名字在文学史上常常与他的好朋友理查德·斯蒂尔（Richard Steele）一起被提起，两人最重要的贡献是创办两份著名的杂志《闲谈者》（Tattler）与《旁观者》（Spectator）。作品《战役》（The Campaign），《乡村礼拜日》（Sir Roger at church）、《法庭上的罗杰绅士》（Sir Roger at the Assizes）。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★亨利·菲尔丁（Henry Fielding，1707-1754）18世纪最杰出的英国小说家，英国现代小说之父，戏剧家。代表作品《汤姆·琼斯》Tom Jones对后世影响极大.《约瑟夫·安德鲁传》Joseph Andrews是菲尔丁出版的第一部小说，而他写作的第一本小说是《大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传》The History of Jonathan Wild the Great（1743 ）。魏尔德是18世纪声名狼籍的罪犯首领，有“伟人”的称号，最后被处以绞刑。18世纪早期便出现关于他的谣曲、虚构性对话、小传和小册子，其中就有笛福写的小传。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★托马斯·格雷(Thomas Gray，1716—1771 ),是英国新古典主义后期的重要诗人，“墓畔派”的代表人物。其代表作《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard，对乡村一处墓地的描写，表达对下层默默无闻的人民的深切同情。对他们纯朴善良品质的赞扬，为他们没有机会施展天赋和才华而惋惜，同时也表现了对权贵、人间虚荣的蔑视和嘲讽，对大人物傲慢奢侈生活的谴责。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★奥利弗·哥德史密斯（Oliver Goldsmith, 1730 - 1774)，十八世纪著名的英国剧作家。他生于一个爱尔兰家庭，早年毕业于都柏林圣三一学院(Trinity College)及于爱丁堡就读医科，不过他并不是一个成功的医生。1756年，哥德史密斯定居伦敦，并展开其创作事业。不论是诗歌、小说、文章还是剧本，葛史密的写作格风格均是以嘻笑怒骂的
形式，藉以讽刺时弊。他最著名的两出喜剧是《善性之人》(The Good-Natuser Man, 1768)及《屈身求爱》(She Stoops to Conquer, 1773)，《威克菲尔德的牧师》（The Vicar of Wakefield）他的戏剧以莎士比亚闹剧式的传统结构，企图重建他所谓的「畅笑」喜剧("laughing" comedy)，致力打破当时英国舞台盛行的感伤主义，以提高公众的品味。哥德史密斯於1774年在伦敦去世，后人均会把他跟另一位著名英国喜剧家谢里丹(Ric hard Brinsley Sheridan)相提并论。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★谢里丹(Richard Brinsley Sheridan 1751－1816):18世纪英国最有成就的喜剧家。最有名的作品是《造谣学校》（The School for Sc andal）。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★威廉·布莱克（William Blake，1757~1827）是十八世纪英国感伤主义诗歌的开路人，第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人。主要诗作有诗集《天真之歌》（Song of Innoc enc e）、《经验之歌》（The songs of experience）等。早期作品简洁明快，中后期作品趋向玄妙晦涩，充满神秘色彩。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
★罗伯特·彭斯(Robert Burns,1759-1796)苏格兰农民诗人，在英国文学史上占有特殊重要的地位。他复活并丰富了苏格兰民歌；他的诗歌富有音乐性，可以歌唱。彭斯生于苏格兰民族面临被异族征服的时代，因此，他的诗歌充满了激进的民主、自由的思想。诗人生活在破产的农村，和贫苦的农民血肉相连。他的诗歌歌颂了故国家乡的秀美，抒写了劳动者纯朴的友谊和爱情。代表作《我的心呀在高原》（My Heart’s in the Highlands ）、《约翰安徒生，我爱》（John Anderson, My Jo）、《一朵红红的玫瑰》（A Red ,Red Rose）、《致小鼠》（To a Mouse）。（18世纪英国启蒙运动时期）
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史复习资料
Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B
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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史复习资料
V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
英国文学史复习资料
1.Classicism(古典主义):A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music th at reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Cl assicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reas on, clarity, balance, and order. 2. Critical Realism 批判现实主义: Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflecting faithfully an a ctual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both to a literary meth od based on detailedaccuracy1of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more gene ral attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qualities of roma nce in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems of life.4. Enlightenment 启蒙主义: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th century. It w as an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlightener s fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. I t was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the societ y was the enlightenment or—educationof the people. 5. Renaissanee文艺复兴：Re naissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it ref ers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, wit h the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went t o embrace the rest of Europe. Twofeatures are striking of this movement. The one i s a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another feature of the Renaissance i s the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Hence, humanism, which reflected th e new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, is the key-note of the Renaissance. The gr eatest of the English humanists were Thomas More and William Shakespeare. 6 Soliloquy( 独白)： Soliloquy, in drama, means a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud.. 7. Neoclassicism 新古典主义:th e Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This t endency is known as Neoclassicism.8. Romanticism 浪漫主义: imagination, emoti on and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteri stics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individu alism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imag ination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature9. . Sentimentalism 感伤主义:it came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on thepart of certain En lighteners in social reality. (The representatives of sentimentalismcontinued to strug gle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of b ourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruinto the people. ) The phil osophy of the enlighteners, through rational and materialistic in its essence, did not ex clude senses, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cul t of nature and, a cult of a "natural man" whose feelings display themselves in a mos t human and natural manner, contrary to the artful and hypocritical aristocrats1.0. So nnet 十四行诗:Sonnet is a type of poem consisting of one single fourteen-line stanz a. It was perfected by the Italian poet in the 13th century and introduced into Englan d in the early 16th century. English sonnets in terms of structure, largely fall into tw o classes: Italian form (It consists of 14 iambic pentameter
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