高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第—学期 定语从句讲解及巩固练习(有答案)

定语从句

一、概念：

修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）

The man（who lives next to us ）sells vegetable.

You must do everything（that I can do）.

二、要点：

跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：

①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

②关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代

人/物），as, whose等

关系词的分类:

关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)

1. 引导定语从句

关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词

3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分

三、基础知识学习：

I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句

1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that

先行词在从句中作主语：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.

先行词在从句中作宾语：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.

关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.

2. 指物的关系代词: which / that

先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.

先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.

关系代词前有介词：Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.

总结：⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。

⑵关系代词中在从句中充当宾语的是which、that、who、whom且可以省略。

⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。

⑷which 只能指物，who\whom 只能指人，that既可指人又可指物。

3. 表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)

表示人的所有：The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.

表示物的所有：I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

4. as作关系代词的用法

as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。

当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。

Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.

注意：the same…as… vs the same…that…

指代相似的人或物指同一人或物

This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?

This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.

such…as… vs such…that…

It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.

It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.

区别:as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.

that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.

as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，

区别：which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”

as 可以放在句首，句中，句末，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out

As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.

As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.

记住下列表格

II. 关系副词where when why引导的定语从句

Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? (where=at which)

There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)

The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)

They didn’t explain the reason wh y they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)

（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词+ 关系代词）

注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。以the city为例

(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.

分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语

(2) This is the city where I lived last year.

分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。

四、考点梳理

I. 关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况：

1) 当先行词被为不定代词。如：

There is nothing (that) I can say about it.

2）先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.

3）先行词被the only或the very修饰时。如：

The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help.

Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?

4) 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：

The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.

When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall. 5）被修饰的先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。如：

I am interested in all that you have told me.

There isn’t much that I can do.

He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.

6）先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如：

They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.

7）先行词是疑问代词时。如：

Which is the book that he bought yesterday?

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?

8）先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如：

This is no longer the place that it used to be.

He is not the man that he was.

II. 关系代词只能用which不用that 的情况

1. 引导非限制性定语从句时,

2. 当关系代词做介词宾语时,

He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.

在上一例句中,引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语,所以不可以用“that”代替.

Ⅲ. 介词+关系代词

1. 在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+

关系代词的结构浅析如下：

1) 介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。

如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.

The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.

This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.

2) 介词+which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定

语从句主谓一般要倒置。

如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

3) 介词+ which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种

结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。

如：Could you t ell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?

The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.

4) 介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。

如：The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.

5) 不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定

代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。

如：There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me.

6) 数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是

基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。

如：In our class there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom are girls.

Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.

7) 名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。

如：I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.

I live in a house, the windows of which are all broken.

8) 形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。

如：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从

句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定

语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

课堂练习

第一部分：基础题

1. This museum is ______ you visited the other day.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. the one

2. This is the museum ______ you saw the other day.

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. in that

3. It is the third time ______ late this month.

A. that you arrived

B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived

D. when you’ve arrived

4. We often think of the days ______ we spent together on the island.

A. when

B. which

C. in which

D. during which

5. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ______ I left ten years ago?

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. when

6. He has left Beijing, ______ a meeting is to be held.

A. when

B. where

C. as

D. which

7. This is the very place ______ I’m wishing to live in.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. in which

8. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. than

9. The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was injured.

A. that, because

B. why, that

C. why, because

D. that, that

10. He must be from Africa, ______ can be seen from his skin.

A. that

B. as

C. it

D. what

11. What surprised me was not what he said but________ he said it.

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

12. There was ________ time ________ I hated to go to school.

A. a; that

B. a; when

C. the; that

D. the; when

13. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

14. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which

B. When

C. What

D. As

15. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which

B. at which

C. in which

D. on which

16. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.

A. the large

B. the large of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

17. Anyway, that evening, ________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. which

18. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.

A. works

B. is working

C. are working

D. has been working

19 . Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai.

A. have gone

B. have been

C. has been

D. had gone

20. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is

B. who am

C. that is

D. which am Keys: 1— 5 DACBB 6—10 BCABB 11-15 A BBDC 16—20 DDCCB

第二部分：强化题

1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest.

A. once they grew

B. they grew once

C. that once grew

D. once grew

2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home.

A. that

B. which

C. whose time

D. by which time

3. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained

B. what he explained

C. how he explained

D. why he explained

4. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.

A. it

B. that

C. this

D. which

5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. what

6. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one ______ he can get more money to support his family.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

7. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when

8. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _____ they faced many years ago.

A. that

B. which

C. that which

D. it

9. The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work.

A. that, the place

B. it, the place

C. which, where

D. what, where

10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go.

A. what

B. which

C. where

D. when

11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.

A. when

B. if

C. since

D. until

12 When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _______ she had arranged with James.

A.the which was what

B. what was that

B.C. which was what D. that was that

13. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

15. What have you got _____ will help a cold?

A. what

B. that

C. it

D. who

16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.

A. how

B. that

C. what

D. which

17. Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen?

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whose

18. I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and

expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why

B. which

C. as

D. where

19. Is this all that you need? If you married me, I’d give you everything you _____.

A. want

B. wanted

C. had wanted

D. are wanting

20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago.

A. which

B. when

C. where

D. who 第三部分：能力拓展

Section A: Reading comprehension.

Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning income from their land. This involves 1 planting new kinds of crops, but some 2 ways of making money, the most unusual of which has got to be sheep racing. Yes, you heard me 3 ! A farmer now holds sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past year over 100, 000 people have 4 to watch the race. "I was passing the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday," one punter (赛马经纪人) told me, "and I thought I'd have a look. I didn't believe it was serious, to tell you the truth." According to a regular visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on horses. "At proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse in advance,

Most people find it difficult to tell one from another in any case. " I stayed to watch the races, and I must admit that I found it quite 7 . In a usual sheep race, half a dozen sheep race down hill over a course of about half a mile. Food is waiting for them at the other end of the 8 just to give them some encouragement, I ought to add! The sheep run surprisingly fast. Although they have probably not eaten for a while. Anyway, the crowd around me was obviously enjoying their day out at the races, 9 by their happy faces and the sense of excitement.

Section B: Choose the right answer.

Jenkins was a jeweler, who had made a large diamond ring worth $ 57,000 for Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which 1 looked like the first one but was worthy only $2,000. This he took to the shop, which 2 it without a question.

diamond," he said. " It isn't worth the high price I paid," Then he told them the

ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.

The shop had to agree. They knew that no fire on earth can 9 damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the real diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: Who 10 it?

A picture of the ring appeared in the 11 . A reader thought he 12 the ring. The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which 13 a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer was a woman 14 a large diamond ring. " Do you know the 15 with the lovely diamond ring?" The papers asked their readers. Several months later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison.

1. A. only B. surely C. nearly D. exactly

2. A. accepted B. received C. refused D. rejected

3. A. real B. modern C. worthy D. valuable

4. A. first B. second C. last D. next

5. A. sold B. posted C. brought D. returned

6. A. facts B. matters C. questions D. results

7. A. affair B. accident C. incident D. experience

8. A. so B. or C. but D. and

9. A. almost B. even C. just D. ever

10. A. copied B. made C. stole D. did

11. A. notices B. magazines C. newspapers D.

programmes

12. A. had seen B. had known C. had printed D. had

carried

13. A. showed B. drew C. printed D. carried

14. A. carrying B. dressing C. wearing D. holding

15. A. dancer B. woman C. reader D. jeweller 课后作业

Reading

A

I was born in Korea, and my family came over to America when I was 10. I’m the

middle child of three girls, and my parents moved so we would experience a different life.

They did it for our education and to give us more of a chance than they had. We moved to Staten Island, and I went to the High School of Performing Arts in New York City. My parents didn’t agree with me when I told them I wanted to be an actress. My father suggested

I try premed(医学预科). But after they saw me in plays they were really proud.

I graduated from Boston University and was doing theater in New York when I got cast

in a Korean miniseries(电视连续剧). We started shooting the show in New York, and then went to Korea to finish it up. They said I would be there for three weeks, but it ended up being two months. The miniseries took off, and overnight, I became recognizable. It was sort of like Lost. It blew up. Then amazing projects were offered to me. I kept thinking, “ I’ll do one more and then go back to the US.” I ended up staying for seven years.

Some people described me as the Julia Roberts of Korea, which is a bad comparison because she’s the queen of romantic comedy. I became famous in Korea for a dramatic role in a film called Shiri. I played a “La Femme Nikita” type of role. I was the girl with gun—all action．

51. The writer’s parents moved to America so as to _________.

A. offer a good chance to their children.

B. receive a good education in performing

C. seek a good life in America

D. film a Korean miniseries

52. When the writer announced her decision to become an actress, her parents_____.

A. were both in favor of her

B. felt very ashamed of her

C. didn’t agree at first

D. took it for granted

53. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The author’s performing life in A merica.

B. The difficulties of filming abroad.

C. The popularity of the miniseries Lost.

D. The author’s first performing breakthrough.

54. The writer referred to the Julia Roberts of Korea as a bad comparison to show______.

A. she looked down upon Julia Roberts.

B. she disliked to compare with others

C. she had a different style of performing

D. she was better at dramatic roles than Julia

B

London Summer School in Classics

Dates

The London Summer School in Classics 2008 will be held at King’s College London. It will run from 8th July until 17th July. Applications close on 2nd June, 2008.

For an application form, please download either the 2-page PDF or the word format document from the foot of the page.

If you have any problems downloading the application form or any questions, please contact: London Summer School in Classics, King’s College London.

Tel: 020 7848 2299

Fax: 020 7848 2545

Organization

The school is organized by the colleges of the University of London. The summer school offers eight days of intensive teaching in Greek and Latin. There are four language classes each day as well as lectures and a debate, between 10:30 am and 4:30 pm. The course is not residential (提供住宿的), and there is no teaching during the weekend of 12th to 13th July.

The fee is £85.00. Travel grants (旅行补助金) are available as a contribution to your travel costs, but may not cover all your expenses. The travel grants are arranged during the summer school.

Teaching is generally in groups of 12-15 people and it, as far as possible, comprises (包含) of students of roughly the same level of experience. The style of teaching is friendly, but demanding: a lot of work is expected from students during the school, but they usually find the whole experience both stimulating and valuable. Some classes concentrate chiefly on reading, while others offer a mixture of grammar and translation practice. Our tutors include some of the most experienced and talented teachers of Classics in the London area and beyond.

The Summer School in Classics caters for a wide range of interests and for both school & university students as well as those who wish to learn Greek or Latin, or to revive their knowledge of the languages. Our principal concern is to provide a thorough program of language learning in a lively university environment.

62. To join in the school, you have to apply before ________.

A. 8th July, 2008

B. 2nd June, 2008

C. 17th July, 2008

D. 13th July, 2008

63. As a student of the school, you are probably asked to _______.

A. do a lot of reading in Greek and Latin

B. learn the grammar of Greek and Latin only

C. do some translation work only

D. speak Greek and Latin with experienced teachers

64. What is the London Summer School in Classics most concerned about?

A. Providing a stimulating experience for students.

B. Promoting students to develop a wide range of interests.

C. Teaching students languages in a lively environment.

D. Improving students’ level of debating in the argument.

65. Which is one of the teaching ways of the school?

A. Student groups consist of the same level students strictly.

B. Students needn’t do any work in the class.

C. Students learn Greek and Latin by listening to teachers all day.

D. Students are generally divided into groups of 12-15.

Keys: 51—54 ACDC

62. B。结合文中的“Applications close on 2nd June, 2008.”可知B项正确。

63. A。根据倒数第二段中的“Some classes concentrate chiefly on reading …”可知A项正确。

64 C。根据文章最后一句可知C项符合。

65. D。根据文中的“Teaching is generally in groups of 12-15 people …”可知D项正确。

Part1：

(A)

Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young of going on the stage is “Don’t!”. But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way

to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.

Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!

65. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should from becoming actors is____.

A）actors are very unusual people

B）the course at the drama school lasts two years

C）acting is really a hard job

D）there are already too many actors

66. According to the context, the sentence “But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy,” at the end of the first paragraph means____.

A）they don’t care if their job is hard

B）they like the stage naturally

C）they are born happy

D）they are easily satisfied

67. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress by____.

A）learning some lessons about the art of speaking

B）once playing her part in the “Blue Colored Moon”

C）successfully matching the most famous actors

D）acting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time

68. The phrase “once in a blue moon” in last line refers to ____.

A) all at once B) once for a long time

C) once in a while D) once and for all

Keys 65-68 DBDB

综合练习

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A Grammar

Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean. He was one of __25___ (important) explorers in history. The famous Italian started out by trading sugar in the seaports of Portugal. He lived during the golden age of discovery, and everybody wanted to explore the world.

Columbus first set sail in 1492, __26___ working for the King and Queen of Spain. His goal was __27___ (discover) a passage to Asia. Europeans thought there were wonderful treasures in Asia, but it was too hard to enter Asia on land.

After 70 days out at sea, on Oct 12, Columbus and his crew saw land. It was a small island, which __28___ (call) San Salvador (now an island of the Bahamas). He thought he __29___ (find) A sia and named the local people “Indians”. He discovered more islands and called them the “Indies”. But it was actually America. Columbus, like the rest of Europe at the time, never knew America existed. And Columbus even died never knowing this.

Nevertheless, __30___ _____ Columbus, Europe started to do more business with these new lands. Once people found out that the land was actually a new continent, America, they called it the “New World”. Columbus was able to connect the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) with the New World. This allowed for future globalization, and the modern world __31___ we live today.

(B)

How do you study each day? You may answer it in one second: have classes at school,

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