(完整word版)英国文学整理
英国文学选读
Old and Middle English Periods 450-1485
Anglo –Saxon Epic Poem Beowulf （贝奥武夫）被认为是英国的民族史诗。
Unit 1 （Middle English period）
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟(1343-1400) —“ Father of modern English poetry”
Major works: The Book of the Duches s《公爵夫人之书》
The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会)》
The House of Fame 《声誉之堂》
Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗斯特与克丽西德》
代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《卡特伯雷故事》
A collection of stories in a frame story, written between 1387 and 1400. It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims朝圣者to Canterbury. The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury. If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer intended that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. He never finished his enormous project and even the completed tales were not finally revised
Unit 2(English Renaissance) 1485-1616
威廉莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)——dramatist, poet
Four tragedies:
Hamlet《哈姆雷特》(hesitation)
Othell o《奥赛罗》 (jealous)
King Lear《李尔王》
Macbeth《麦克白》（ambition）
Four comedies:
A Mid Summer Night Dream《仲夏夜之梦》
As you like it《皆大欢喜》
Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》)
The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》
Others:
Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
Sonnet18《十四行诗之18》押韵方式：ABAB,CDCD,EFEF,GG
The University wits: 大学才子
a notable group of pioneer English dramatists who wrote during the last 15 years of the 16th century (the Elizabethan era) and who transformed popular drama with their plays of quality and diversity
7 talented dramatists:
Robert Greene John Lyly Thomas Nashe
Thomas Lodge Thomas Kyd George Peele
Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根（1561-1626）
1、A great thinker: (New Instrumen t《新工具》)the necessity of abandoning a priori speculation in favor of observation and induction.
2、The first important English essayist Essa ys《论说文集》
3、The founder of experimental philosophy, the father of modern positivistic philosophy
“现代科学的奠基人，英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”
Works : Of Marriage and Single Lif e《论婚姻和单身》
Of Studies《论读书》
New Atlantis《新大西岛》
Unit 4 The Seventeenth Century 1616-1688
一、John Milton（1608—1674）约翰弥尔顿
Epic poems:
Paradise Lost（1667）《失乐园》
Paradise Regained ( 1671)《复乐园》
Samson Agonistes (1671)《力士参孙》（长诗）
Works:
Lycidas (1637)《利西达斯》
Areopagitica(1644)《论出版自由》
二、John Donne 约翰邓恩（1572-1631）玄学派诗人（metaphysical poets）
Works : The Fle a《跳蚤》
Holy Sonnet 10《圣十四行诗之10》
Conceit(奇喻): An elaborate and surprising figure of speech, comparing two very dissimilar things.
Unit 5 The Eighteenth Century 1688-1780
The Age of Classicism
1.Alexander Pope (英雄双行诗-heroic couplet)
Works: Essay on Criticism
It expresses his Neo-classic in poetry.
2、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特（the rise of novel）
Satirical prose(讽刺性散文): “A Tale of Tub”《一只桶的故事》
“A Modest Proposal”《一个温和的建议》:His pity for the oppressed受压迫的, ignorant, populous人口稠密的, and hungry Catholic天主教徒peasants of Ireland; his anger at the rapacious English landlords
2. Masterpiece: Gulliver’s Travels《格利佛游记》Lilliput《小人国》Brobdingnag《大人国》Laputa《拉普他岛》Houyhnhnms 《慧骃国》
3、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福英国小说家
Works：Robison Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》
Robinson Crusoe: a hero，an invader, a colonist.The hero is typical of the rising English bourgeois class, practical and diligent. Defoe beautifies colonialism and Negro slavery.
Main idea: A typical 18th-century English middle-class（中产阶级）man, with great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype(模范) of the pioneer empire builder（扩张主义者先锋）. In describing Crusoe, Defoe glorifies human labor and Puritan fortitude, which save Crusoe from despair and are a source of pride and happiness.
Moll Flande rs《摩尔弗兰德斯》:It is written in an autobiographical form called memoir. Defoe introduces, for the first time, a lowly woman as the subject of literature
4、Samuel Richardson 理查森（1689-1761)
1. Pamela《帕姆拉》:first example of the epistolary novel(书信体小说) ,first mature novel to be written in English
2、Epistolary novel: a novel of letters; written to teach lesson; the first accepted in eight century in Britain by Samuel Richardson.
In a series of Familiar Letters from a Beautiful Yong Damsel to Her Parents (1740)
The first English tragic novel ：Clarissa or the History of a Young Lady (1747-48)
Pre-Romantic poetry
5、Robert Burns (1759—1796) 罗伯特.彭斯
A Red ,Red ,Ro se《一朵红红的玫瑰》
Auld Lang Syne《昔日时光》
6、William Blake (1757-1827) 威廉.布莱克：poet; engraver雕刻师; a precursor（先驱）of the Romantic movement. Mystic and highly symbolic.
Works:
Songs of Innocence; (1789)《天真之歌》
Songs of Experience (1794)《经验之歌》
The La m《羔羊》p
The Tyg er《老虎》
T he Romantic Period
1、William Wordsworth 威廉华尔华兹poet laureate 桂冠诗人the lakers (the lake poets) 湖畔诗人
1、It is Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》that ushers in the Romantic age in English literature.
2、“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”
Not only does Wordsworth suggest a radical change in subject matter, but he also dramatically shifts focus concerning poetry’s “proper language.” Unlike Pope and his predecessors, Word sworth chooses “language really used by [people]’—everyday speech. Wordsworth redefines poetry itself: “For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”Wordsworth highlighted poetry’s emotional quality. Imagination, not reason or d isciplined thought, becomes its core.
Works：I wandered lonely as a cloud 《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》She dwelt among the untrodden ways
2、Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) 赛谬尔泰勒柯勒律治
Works：1. Biographia Literaria 《文学传记》
2. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子吟》
3. Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》Mysticism , exoticism and strong imagination
3、George Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦(1788-1824)
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》
Don Juan 《唐璜》
She Walks in Beauty《她在美中行》
When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home
《当男人没有在家战斗的自由时》
4、Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希雪莱(1792-1822)
1、Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》（Poetic drama）
heroic endurance, man’s intellect, defiance against tyranny, love of humanity,
2. Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》
west wind: a symbol of force that destroys the old, decayed order and constructs a new one.
5、John Keats (1795-1821) 约翰.济慈
1. Ode to Autumn
2. Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》
3.Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》
Ode: a lyric poem typically of elaborate or irregular metrical （测量的，韵律的）form and expressive of exalted（兴奋的）or enthusiastic emotion.
6Jane Austen (1775-1817) 简奥斯丁
Reality refers to a trend towards depictions of contemporary life and society "as they were." In the spirit of general realism, realist authors opted for depictions of everyday activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.
Six novels by Austen
Sense and Sensibility(1811) 《理智与情感》
Pride and Prejudice(1813) 《傲慢与偏见》
Mansfield Park (1814) 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》
Emma(1816) 《爱玛》
Persuasion (1818) 《劝导》
Northanger Abbey (1818) 《诺桑觉寺》
Victorian Literature
一. Victorian Novelists
1. Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(1812-1870)
1. Novels of social criticism
?Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》
?Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》
?The Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》
?Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》
?David Copperfield 《大卫，科波菲尔》
?Bleak House《荒凉山庄》
? A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》
?Great Expectations 《远大前程》
?Hard Time
2Charlotte Bronte (1816—1855) 夏洛特.勃朗特
Jane Eyr e《简爱》
Shirley 《雪莉》
Villette《维莱特》
The Professor 《教师》
Victorian Poets
一、Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)阿尔弗德丁尼生
In Memoriam A.H.H .(1850)《悼念》
Idylls of the King 《国王之歌》
The Eagle《鹰》
Break,Break,Break《溅吧，溅吧，溅吧》
二、Robert Browning(1812-1889) 罗伯特布朗宁
My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》
The Ring and the Book《指环与书》
Dramatic monologue （戏剧独白）：A dramatic monologue is a piece of spoken verse that offers great insight into the feelings of the speaker.
Late Victorian to the First World War
一、Oscar Wilde (1854—1900) 奥斯卡王尔德
Art’s for art’s sake （为艺术而艺术）：
Aesthetic Movement(唯美主义运动)
Thomas Hardy(1840—1928)
The Return of the Native(1878)《还乡》
Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》
Wessex : Hardy set all of his major novels in the south and southwest of England. He named the area “ Wessex". The idea of Wessex plays an important artistic role in Hardy's works (particularly his later novels), assisting the presentation of themes of progress, primitivism, naturalism.
Naturalism: is a literary movement taking place from 1865 to 1900 that uses detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment have inescapable force in shaping human character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces (e.g. the social environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include uncouth or sordid subject matter and expose the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, sex, prejudice, disease, prostitution, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being too blunt.
Modernist Literature
Modern Dramatists 现代剧作家
George Bernard Shaw（1856—1950）乔治萧伯纳——a dramatist of high seriousness Mrs. Warren’s Profession(1898)《华伦夫人的职业》
Major Barbara （1905）《巴巴拉少校》
Pygmalion （1913）《皮格马利翁》
Saint Joan（1924）《圣女贞德》
Modernist Novelists现代主义小说家
James Joyce 詹姆斯.乔伊斯（1882—1941）
Dubliners (1914)《都柏林人》的第3篇Araby （阿拉比）
A Portrait of the Artist as a You ng（1916）《一个青年艺术家的画像》(首次展示意识流)
Ulysses（1922）《尤利西斯》（全文无标点符号）
Finnegans Wake(1939)《芬尼根的苏醒》
Stream of consciousness(意识流)：P172
Virginia Woolf (1882—1941) 弗吉妮娅.伍尔芙
Mrs. Dalloway (1925)《达罗卫夫人》
To the Lighthouse （1927）《到灯塔去》
The Waves(1931) 《海浪》
Modernist Poetry
一、T.S.Eliot (1888—1965) T.S.艾略特
The Waste Land 《荒原》
二、William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝——A nobel prize winner ,a modernist poet, a dramatist (Irish)
When you are old《当你老了》
Down by the Salley Gardens 《柳园》
The Second Coming《第二次来临》
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学 整理
Term Definition： Alliteration（押头韵）: Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. Arthurian legend（亚瑟王传奇）: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur L, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity. Sonnet（十四行诗）: A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: ( 1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (named after the fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch) falls into two main parts: an octave(eight lines) rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet (six lines) rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc . (2) the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. Conceit（夸张）: From the Italian concetto (meaning idea or concept), it refers to an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings. Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets and metaphysical poetry. Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron. Neoclassicism（新古典主义）: A style of Western literature that flourished from the mid-seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century and the rise of Romanticism. The neoclassicists looked to the great classical writers for inspiration and guidance. They believed that literature should both instruct and delight, and the proper subject of art was humanity. Neoclassicism stressed rules, reason, harmony, balance, restraint, decorum, order, serenity, realism, and form—above all, an appeal to the intellect rather than emotion. The Restoration in 1660 marked the beginning of the Neoclassical Period in England, whose writers included John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, etc. Romance（传奇小说）: It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur of Britain and the Knights of the Round Table, and the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. Renaissance（文艺复兴）: Renaissance ("rebirth") is the name commonly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages. The development came late to England in the
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学作品选读复习提纲
English Renaissance (1500-1625) 14.15世纪 Humanism人文主义: Emphases the worth of life in this world, and the dignity of human being Three periods: 1.Imitation and assimilation同化------14世纪末到16世纪上半叶 2.Elizabethan Age-flowering time -----16世纪下半叶----Shakespeare 3.Epilogue收尾of the English Renaissance------------17世纪初 Effect：not confined to literature, music and the fine arts, but affected the whole development of civilization, a broad line dividing Middle Age and Modern Age. William Shakespeare 代表作：Hamlet,哈姆雷特Othello, King Lear,李尔王, Romeo and Juliet The Merchant of V enice:Bassanio巴萨尼奥Antonio安东尼奥,Shylock夏洛克,Bassanio’s girlfriend, Portia Theme: praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a woman of great wisdom, and to disclose the cruelty of shylock. The play is a triumph of friendship and love over greed and avarice, good over evil, humanity over inhumanity. The 17th Century Metaphysical School 玄学派 特点：complex, highly intellectual verse诗filled with intricate错综的and far-fetched牵强附会metaphor. Many are about love and death and religion. 1.John Donne 代表作：An Anatomy解剖in the medieval中世纪, Of the Progress of the soul, A Valediction告别演说: Forbidding Mourning 2.John Milton Paradise Lost---epic Satan: intelligent and eloquent雄辩的, pride, courageous and cannot be defeated, question the authority of God, stand for freedom and liberty. God: cruel, unjust, and selfish Adam and Eve: power of man—humanism Miltonic style：Long and involved sentence, a varity of pause, oratorical and logical, use inversion倒装and allusion典故. The 18th century 1.Daniel Defoe 代表作：The life and strange surprising adventure of Robinson Crusoe Theme: struggling against nature and human fate with an indomitable不屈的will and highly praise his creative labor, mental and physical, an allusion to the glorification赞颂of the bourgeois资产阶级creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage原始期of its historical development.
英国文学名著整理
☆英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。雪莱（Shelley ，1792一1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”（If Winters comes,can spring be far behind）成为妇幼皆知的诗文。 华兹华斯（Wordsworth，1770-1850），18-19世纪之交英国浪漫主义运动最伟大和最有影响的诗人。他和克勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞(Robert Southey)三人组成“湖畔派诗人(the Lake Poets)”其作品的主题是人与大自然的关系。1813年他接受政府长期津贴，1843年又被封为桂冠诗人。他的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)、《水仙》(Daffodill)和《序曲》(The Prelude)等。 笛福（Daniel Defoe,1661-1731）是英国小说之父。59岁时发表的成名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）出版后立即成为家喻户晓的畅销书。随后，他又写了《辛格顿船长》(Captain Singleton)、《摩尔·弗兰德》(Moll Flanders)、（大疫年日记）(a Journsl of the Plagure Year)等小说。《鲁滨逊飘流记》是根据苏格兰水手亚历山大·塞尔扣克的航海遇险、流落
英国文学期末考试复习要点
英国文学期末考试复习要点 1.英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts 2.英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征服Norman Conquest之后。 3.古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian）；BEOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗national epic of England），人物角色(Beowulf,Grendel, Grendel's mother, Fire Dragon,Wiglef)，修辞手法（头韵法alliteration，暗喻metaphor，低调陈述understatement） 4.诺曼征服人物William the Conqueror，骑士Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）, 《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事matters of Britain。骑士的优良传统美德（忠诚loyalty） 5.威廉朗莱德William Langland作品《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman（十四世纪以梦境dream vision呈现的作品）
6.乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品The Canteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable） 7.实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The King broke off with the Pope. 8.托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty 分离和建立理想国度ideal state。 9.托马斯怀亚特Thomas Wyatt把十四行诗sonnet引入英国，分离为莎士比亚体Shakespearian Sonnet和斯宾塞体Spencerian Sonnet，十四行诗源于意大利
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are