英国文学知识点总结

莎士比亚

莎士比亚（W. William Shakespeare；1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》(英：Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello)、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Mac Beth）。著名喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）。历史剧：《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《查理二世》。正剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。还写过154首十四行诗，二首长诗。本·琼森称他为―时代的灵魂‖，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为―人类最伟大的戏剧天才‖。虽然莎士比亚只用英文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。儒略历1616年4月23日（公历1616年5月3日）病逝，出生日期与逝世日期恰好相同。莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先驱者伽利略同一年出生。被人们尊称为―莎翁‖。

The course of true love never did run smooth. (A Midsummer Night‘s Dream 1.1)

真爱无坦途。——《仲夏夜之梦》

/真诚的爱情之路永不会是平坦的。

Things base and vile, holding no quantity, love can transpose to from and dignity: love looks not with the eyes, but with mind. (A Midsummer Night‘s Dream 1.1)

卑贱和劣行在爱情看来都不算数，都可以被转化成美满和庄严：爱情不用眼睛辨别，而是用心灵来判断/爱用的不是眼睛，而是心。——《仲夏夜之梦》

Lord, what fools these mortals be! (A Midsummer N ight‘s Dream 3.2)

上帝呀，这些凡人怎么都是十足的傻瓜！——《仲夏夜之梦》

The lunatic, the lover and the poet are of imagination all compact. (A Midsummer Night‘s Dream 5.1) 疯子、情人、诗人都是想象的产儿。——《仲夏夜之梦》

Since the little wit that fools have was silenc‘d, the little foolery that wise men have makes a great show. (As You Like It, 1.2)

自从傻子小小的聪明被压制得无声无息，聪明人小小的傻气显得更吸引眼球了。——《皆大欢喜》

世界是一个舞台，所有的男男女女不过是一些演员，他们都有下场的时候，也都有上场的时候。一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色。——《皆大欢喜》

Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold. (As You Like It, 1.3)

美貌比金银更容易引起歹心。——《皆大欢喜》

Sweet are the uses of adversity. (As You Like It, 2.1)

逆境和厄运自有妙处。——《皆大欢喜》

Do you not know I am a woman? When I think, I must speak. (As You Like It, 3.2)

你难道不知道我是女人？我心里想什么，就会说出来。——《皆大欢喜》

Love is merely a madness. (As You Like It, 3.2)

爱情不过是一种疯狂。——《皆大欢喜》

O, how bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man‘s eyes! (As You Like It)

唉！从别人的眼中看到幸福，自己真有说不出的酸楚！——《皆大欢喜》

It is a wise father that knows his own child. (A Merchant of Venice 2.2)

知子之父为智。——《威尼斯商人》

Love is blind and lovers cannot see the pretty follies that themselves commit. (A Merchant of Venice 2.6)

爱情是盲目的，恋人们看不到自己做的傻事。——《威尼斯商人》

All that glisters is not gold. (A Merchant of Venice 2.7)

闪光的并不都是金子。——《威尼斯商人》

So is the will of a living daughter curb‘d by the will of a dead fat her. (A Merchant of Venice 1.2)

一个活生生的女人的意愿，却被过世的父亲的遗嘱所限。——《威尼斯商人》

外观往往和事物的本身完全不符，世人都容易为表面的装饰所欺骗。——《威尼斯商人》

没有比较，就显不出长处；没有欣赏的人，乌鸦的歌声也就和云雀一样。要是夜莺在白天杂在聒噪里歌唱，人家绝不以为它比鹪鹩唱得更美。多少事情因为逢到有利的环境，才能达到尽善的境界，博得一声恰当的赞赏。——《威尼斯商人》

The quality of mercy is not strained. (A Merchant of Venice 4.1)

慈悲不是出于勉强。——《威尼斯商人》

Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. (Measure for Measure 2.1)

有些人因罪恶而升迁，有些人因德行而没落。——《一报还一报》

O, it is excellent to have a giant‘s strength; but it is tyrannous to use it like a giant. (Measure for Measure 2.1)

有巨人的力量固然好，但像巨人那样滥用力量就是一种残暴行为。——《一报还一报》

I‘ll pray a thousand prayers for thy death but no word to save thee. (Measure for Measure 3.1)

我要千遍祷告让你死，也不祈求一字救你命。——《一报还一报》

O, what may man within him hide, though angel on the outward side! (Measure for Measure 3.2) 唉！一个人外表可以装得像天使，但却可能把自己掩藏在内心深处！——《一报还一报》

赞美倘从被赞美自己的嘴里发出，是会减去赞美的价值的；从敌人嘴里发出的赞美才是真正的光荣。——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Beauty, wit, high birth, vigour of bone, desert in service, love, friendship, charity, are subjects all to envious and calumniating time. (Troilus and Cressida 3.3)

美貌、智慧、门第、臂力，事业、爱情、友谊和仁慈，都必须听命于妒忌而无情的时间。——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

You gods divine! Make Cressida‘s name the very crown of falsehood, if ever she leave Troilus. (Troilus and Cressida 4.2)

神明啊！要是有一天克瑞西达背叛特罗里斯，那么就让她的名字永远被人唾骂吧！——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Beauty! Where is thy faith? (Troilus and Cressida 5.2)

美貌！你的真诚在何方？——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

Take but degree away, untune that string, and, hark, what discord follows! (Troilus and Cressida 1.3) 没有了纪律，就像琴弦绷断，听吧！刺耳的噪音随之而来！——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》要一个骄傲的人看清他自己的嘴脸，只有用别人的骄傲给他做镜子；倘若向他卑躬屈膝，不过添长了他的气焰，徒然自取其辱。——《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

O, she dothe teach the torches to burn bright! (Romeo and Juliet 1.5)

啊！火炬不及她那么明亮。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

My only love sprung from my only hate ! (Romeo and Juliet 1.5)

我唯一的爱来自我唯一的恨。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

What‘s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. (Romeo and Juliet 2.2)

名字中有什么呢？把玫瑰叫成别的名字，它还是一样的芬芳。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

/名称有什么关系呢？玫瑰不叫玫瑰，依然芳香如故。

Young men‘s love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. (Romeo and Juliet 2.3)

年轻人的爱不是发自内心，而是全靠眼睛。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. (Romeo and Juliet 2.2)

那是东方，而朱丽叶就是太阳。——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

A little more than kin, and less than kind. (Hamlet 1.2)

超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《哈姆雷特》

Frailty, thy name is woman! (Hamlet 1.2)

脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！——《哈姆雷特》

This above all: to thine self be true. (Hamlet 1.3)

最重要的是，你必须对自己忠实。——《哈姆雷特》

The time is out of joint – O, cursed spite, that ever I was born to set it right! (Hamlet 1.5)

这是一个礼崩乐坏的时代，唉！倒霉的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任。——《哈姆雷特》

Brevity is the soul of wit. (Hamlet 2.2)

简洁是智慧的灵魂，冗长是肤浅的藻饰。/言贵简洁。——《哈姆雷特》

There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy. (Hamlet 1.5) 天地之间有许多事情，是你的睿智所无法想象的。——《哈姆雷特》

/在这天地间有许多事情是人类哲学所不能解释的。

There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. (Hamlet 2.2)

世上之事物本无善恶之分，思想使然。——《哈姆雷特》

/没有什么事是好的或坏的，但思想却使其中有所不同。

To be or not to be: that is a question. (Hamlet 3.1)

生存还是毁灭，这是个值得考虑的问题。——《哈姆雷特》

There‘s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. (Hamlet 5.2)

一只麻雀的生死都是命运预先注定的。——《哈姆雷特》

The rest is silence. (Hamlet 5.2)

余下的只有沉默。——《哈姆雷特》

Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. (Othello 1.2)

收起你们明晃晃的剑，它们沾了露水会生锈的。——《奥赛罗》

O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on. (Othello 3.3)

主帅啊，当心你会嫉妒，那可是一只绿眼的妖魔，它惯于耍弄爪下的猎物。——《奥赛罗》Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, is the immediate jewel of their souls: Who steals my purse steals trash; ‘tis something, nothing. (Othello 3.3)

无论男人女人，名誉是他们灵魂中最贴心的珍宝，如果有人偷走了我的钱袋，他不过偷走了一些废物，那不过是些毫无价值的东西罢了。——《奥赛罗》

O, curse of marriage, that we can call these delicate creatures ours, and not their appetites! (Othello 3.3) 啊！婚姻的烦恼！我们可以把这些可爱的人儿据为己有，却无法掌控她们的各种欲望。——《奥赛罗》

We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly followed. (Othello 1.3)

不是每个人都能做主人，也不是每个主人都能值得仆人忠心的服侍。——《奥赛罗》

Nothing will come of nothing. (King Lear 1.1)

一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》

Love‘s not love when it is mingled with regards that stands aloof from th‘entire point. (King Lear 1.1)

爱情里面要是搀杂了和它本身无关的算计，那就不是真的爱情。——《李尔王》

How sharper than a serpent's tooth is to have a thankless child. (King Lear 1.4)

逆子无情甚于蛇蝎。——《李尔王》

我没有路，所以不需要眼睛；当我能够看见的时候，我也会失足颠仆，我们往往因为有所自恃而失之于大意，反不如缺陷却能对我们有益。

Blow, winds, and crack cheeks! Rage! Blow! (King Lear 3.2)

吹吧！风啊！吹破你的脸颊，猛烈地吹吧！——《李尔王》

?Tis this times‘ plague, when madmen lead the blind. (King Lear 4.1)

疯子带瞎子走路，这就是这个时代的病态。——《李尔王》

Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, and thou no breath at all? (King Lear 5.3)

为什么一条狗，一匹马，一只耗子都有生命，而你却没有一丝的呼吸。——《李尔王》

Fair is foul, and foul is fair. (Macbeth 1.1)

美即是丑，丑即是美。——《麦克白》

I fear thy nature; it is too full o‘the milk of human kindness. (Macbeth)

我为你的天性担忧，它充满了太多的人情乳臭。——《麦克白》

What‘s done cannot be undone. (Macbeth 5.1)

做过的事情不能逆转。——《麦克白》

/覆水难收。

Out, out, brief candle, life is but a walking shadow. (Macbeth)

熄灭吧，熄灭吧，瞬间的灯火。人生只不过是行走着的影子。——《麦克白》

黑暗无论怎样悠长，白昼总会到来。——《麦克白》

世界上还没有一个方法，可以从一个人的脸上探察他的居心。——《麦克白》

Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once. （Julius Caesar 2.2）

懦夫在未死以前就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次，在一切怪事中，人们的贪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。——《凯撒大帝》/《英雄叛国记》

行为胜于雄辩，愚人的眼睛是比他们的耳朵聪明得多的。——《凯撒大帝》/《英雄叛国记》Men‘s judgments are a parcel of their fortunes; and things outward do draw the inward quality after them, to suffer all alike. (Antony and Cleopatra 3.13)

智慧是命运的一部分，一个人所遭遇的外界环境是会影响他的头脑的。——《安东尼和克里奥帕特拉》

Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resolved to effect .

不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。

疑惑足以败事。一个人往往因为遇事畏缩的原故，失去了成功的机会。——《量罪记》

最好的好人，都是犯过错误的过来人；一个人往往因为有一点小小的缺点，更显出他的可爱。——《量罪记》

他赏了你钱，所以他是好人；有了拍马的人，自然就有爱拍马的人。——《黄金梦》

要是你做了狮子，狐狸会来欺骗你：

要是你做了羔羊，狐狸会来吃了你；

要是你做了狐狸，万一骗子向你告发，狮子会对你起疑心；

要是你做了骗子，你的愚蠢将使你受苦，而且你也不免做豺狼的一顿早餐……

——《黄金梦》

聪明人变成了痴愚，是一条最容易上钩的游鱼；因为他凭恃才高学广，看不见自己的狂妄。愚人的蠢事算不得稀奇，聪明人的蠢事才叫人笑痛肚皮；因为他用全副的本领，证明他自己愚笨。——Love's Labour's Lost 《爱的徒劳》

In delay there lies no plenty , Then come kiss me , sweet and twenty , Youth‘s a stuff that will not endure .

迁延蹉跎，来日无多，二十丽姝，请来吻我，衰草枯杨，青春易过。

一个骄傲的人，结果总是在骄傲里毁灭了自己。

时间会刺破青春表面的彩饰，会在美人的额上掘深沟浅槽；会吃掉稀世之珍！天生丽质，什么都逃不过他那横扫的镰刀。

The empty vessels make the greatest sound .

满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),

下册英语各单元知识点总结

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