高级英语翻译与意译
unit 9
1,The other was……
The other was a newspaperman through and through uncompromising,energetic,and intelligent about how to report reliable news based on facts.
2,The news media seem to……
The different ways of providing news,i.e,the newspaper,television,and radio seem all to follow the belief that all news is bad news.Why is this so ?Could it be because people are used to dwelling on negative news as a rule and because newspaper people are generally sensitive to such news when facing everyday happening?
3,I am not suggesting that……
I do not mean to propose that we make up somegood news and use it as a remedy for the catastrophies reported on the front page.Neither do I consider good news as a thorough and detailed news story about how the local YMCA operates.
4,News people provide us with……
What the news media report on us and on the world is the only information about ourselves and about the world we get.Such reportage had better be faithful to our life and not be a discision because we must rely on the truthful picture of our life to make our decision and plan our future. 5,"The acquire culture is not……
The knowledge that you come to possess by your own efforts over a long period of time does not become part of your inborn character.You may be able to earn the good life in a good society,but such good life cannot be yours permanently.If the understanding of the good life in a good society is not passed on,you will lose what you have earned.
unit 10
1,Little girls adore Barbie……
The reason why Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she looks just like a real person in real life who can be dressed up in the way they wish.
2.Moreover,Mattel made public that,for the first time,all girls desirous of buying a Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at
a reduced price.
3.But increasingly,it is……
But more and more, man-made public form a very important part in the lives of people .en
4,man-made things enter into……
Technologically produced things come to be accepted by people and are begining to shape their mentality.
5,Their number is expanding……
There has been a tremendous increase in machine-produced things in terms of their actual amount as well as their physical size in proportion to our natural environment.
6,Nothing could be more dramatic……
This difference seems most noticeable between the modern throw-away-oriented girls who,on the one hand,are delighted in replacing their out-of-date Barbies for up-to-date ones,and their old-fashioned counterparts,on the other hand,who,like their mothers and grandmothers are reluctant to part with their dear little dolls until they are timeworn and broken/until they fall apart. 7,The idea of using a product ……
The practice whereby people use a product and then quickly discard it may readily be rejected by
those accustomed by scarcity to holding on to their old possession.
unit12
1,The life history of the individual……
A person's life is,above all else,shaped by conformity to the custom s passed down in his society. 2,Until we are intellignt ……
We cannot understand the complexities of human life unless we know the role of custom in all its manifestations.
3,……any scientific study requires ……
If we conduct any systematic inquiry,it is essential for us to be unbiased/we need to be unbiased hat towards every componpent part of the subject under examination.
4,Anthropology was by definition……
While people were convinced that differences between themselves on the one hand and aboriginal and backward people on the other hand were irreconcilable,the scientific study of the human race as such was not possible.
unit 14
Such is my outlook.……
This is how I look at the world.I am optimistic about a future when man shall be engaged not in something merely to keep himself alive with,but in something to benefit the whole society with,and a future when man is motivated to strive for a task loftier than the satisfaction of being fed.I have faith in the virtue of mankind.I am confident that human love and devotion will take the place of the widespread insatiable greed of today and be triumphant.And last of all,I have my trust in the working class.I agree with the Frenchman who talks of the stairway of history echoing to the rise of the governed and the fall of the governors.
unit 15
1,One hundred years later……
One hundred years later after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamtion,black people in the US. still remain on the edges of society and are treated as outcasts in their homeland.
2,When the architecs of ……
When the founders of the U.S drew up the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence,they were making a promise to the American people that each and every one of them would be ensured freedom and justice/equality and liberty.
3,We have also come to ……
We have come to this scared place to call our government's attention to the compelling necessity of immediate action.
4,You have been the veterans of ……
You have long experienced untold miseries and anguish.Go on fighting for your rights with the conviction that the miseries and anguish brought upon you unjustly will give birth to a better life. Paraphrase
Unit 2
1 Moses pleaded a -----to pharaoh
Moses justified his unwillingness to pass jehovah’s order to pharaoh,saying that he was “ slow of speech”
2 yet for all the ---- creative soul
Deley leads to problems . however ,in many cases , it can often stimunate the creativity in an
artist .
3he notes ----costly
He points out that hastiness may give rise to decisions which turn out to be humiliating or expensive .
4 bureaucratization ,which ---- being made.
Excessive red-tape developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated. In his sense ,red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in an enormous amount of paper work and judgement ,thus making it impossible for an immature decison to result .
5many of my friends =-----blank page
many of my friends have a hard tie the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.
Unit 15
1 Most previous ----to teaching
Amost none of the analogied that have been used so far fully can decribe waht teaching is all about. In this case ,none of them serves as an apt analogy for teaching .
2 rather than ----his clients
Each of these popular analogies sees the teacher and his students not as an organic nuit tied together in a joint effort ,but as being isolated from each other .
3 the teacher as ----by large numbers
The teacher ,seen in the role of the actor ,would be simply lecturing to an audience who do no participate ,and he would evaluate his performace not by their involvement in class activities , but by the size of the class .
4 the mountaineer ------of the group
The mountaineer knows his own function as a leader and is well aware ,too that whether they can climb to the top is decided by how well each member can cooperate with the others and how far each member is ready tto involve himself in the endeavour.
5 essential skills -----ominous possibility .
For a good journey ,basic skills form an indispensable part ,without which one is likely to encounter misfortune.
1.Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver...
2.Yet for the trouble procrastination may incur,delay can often inspire...
3.He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.
4.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and...
5....many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.
1.如果对器械有什么不清楚的地方，你可以写信到我们公司去询问。
If there is anything you are not clear about the device,address your inquiry to our head office.
2.在执行计划之前，我们最好把它的每一个方面仔细考虑，看看是否切实可行。（scrutinize）
Before we put the new plan into practice,we had bitter scrutinize every aspect of it to make sure that it is practicable.
3.在新的规章执行后，我们预期这地区的情况会有好转。
We expect that there will be a change for the better in this area after the new rugulations are implemented.
4.不要把他的话当真。它仅仅是开个玩笑而已。（literally）
Don't take his words literally.He's just cracking a joke.
5.在农业中应用固氮作用的前景良好。（prospect）
The prospect of employing nitrogen fixation in agriculture is promising.
6.他想发明一种不留痕迹的改正液的企图以失败告终。（contrive）
His attenpt at contriving a correcting fluid which leaves no marks on paper ended in failure. 7.那个外国人不会说汉语，他用手势表达他的要求。但是他无法把他的意思表达出来。The non-Chinese-speaking foreigner gestured to make a request,but he just couldn't get his idea across.
8.他不考虑这件事的迫切性而断然拒绝了。不留一些余地。
Without considering the urgency of the matter,he gave us a flat refusal,once and for all.
1.他奇特的行为与对良好举止的一般观念背道而驰。
His peculiar behaviour runs counter to the popular concept of good conduct.
2.相对论对现代科学产生了巨大的影响。
The theory of relativity made a great impact on modern science.
3.任何人都没有权利嘲笑残疾人的不利条件。
No one has the right to deride the disadvantages of handicapped people.
4.在她毕业典礼那天，Judy的叔叔婶婶以丰盛的晚餐来款待她。
On her graduation day,Judy was treated to a sumptuous dinner by her uncle and aunt.
5.关于他过去在公司的经历，没有什么人有不满。
With respect to his past record in the firm, no one has anything to complain about.
6.他深深的陷入反对校董会的密谋之中。
He is inextricably involved in the plot against the school board.
7.我年迈的叔祖母很不习惯那些充斥市场的一次性物品。
My aged great-aunt is not used to the disposable goods which flood the market today.
8.他在考试中作弊被发现后，他的名字马上从应试者的名单上删去了。
His name was immediately eliminated from the list of candidates after he was caught cheating in the exam.
Unit 12
1.习俗不同于传统在于前者是一个社会中一般被接受的行为规范，而后者则是指从过去传到现在的思维和行为的习惯方式。
Conventions are different from tradition in that the former are the generally accepted standards of behavior in a society ,whereas the letter refers to the customary
2.孔孟之道在很长一段时期内统治着中国社会。
For a long time the teaching of confucius and mencius held sway over Chinese.
3.他的潦草书写只有他自己看得懂。
His scribbling is unitelligible to any one but himself.
4.他向上一级法院上诉的前提是他被判两年徒刑是不公正的。
He appealed to the higher court on the premise that he was unjustly sentenced to two years imprisonment
5.我的一个同班同学觉得很难区分||和||两个辅音的发音。
One of my classmates finds it very difficult to differentiate between the two consonants /f/ and //v/ 6.植物园的一个显著特色就是它的面积宽广。
The predominant feature of the botanical garden is its spaciousness.
7.你相信人类是从类人猿进化而来的吗？
Do you believe that human beings have evolved from the apes .
8.教师的责任不仅是传授知识，还必须教学生道德规范。
It is incumbent on the teachers not only to impart knowledge but also to teach the students moral principles.
Unit 13
1.不要期望每一件小事就有酬报。从长远来看，你所做的全部努力都会得到适当的报偿。Do not expect to be remunerated for every little thing you do . in the long run ,all the eforts you have made3 will be duly rewarded
2.超级市场要经常地补充商品库存。
The supermakets have to replenish their stock of goods every regularly
3.那天是植树节。所有的志愿者都积极投入工作，种了数千棵柳树。
It was the Treeplanting Day . all the volunters piched in and planted thousands of willow trees
4.不像他那性情温和的妹妹，他脾气急躁，并且动不动就训斥别人。
Not like his sweet –tempered sister , he has a qick temper and he fulminates at people easily
5.一场长病以后，他的气力消失殆尽。
His strength diminished after a long illness
6.在参加辩论之前，你必须确定你所有的论点都正确并且都有根据。
Before you take part in a debate , be sure to ascertain that all your arguments are sound and weii- grounded.
7.在新学期的开始，她下决心记英文日记。
At the beginning of the new term , she resovled to keep a dairy in english.
8.他一再催促逼迫，使我都不愿意去参加下一周末的集会了。
All his pushing and goading disinclined me towards going to the party next weekend .
Unit 15
1.一份合同，只要已由双方签订，不论发生什么事都必须履行。
A contract ,once signed between two parties must be honored whatever happens.
2.一场强大的风暴席卷了沿岸的小乡村。
The heavy storm engulfed the small village along the coast
3.在解放前，无数贫农和城市里的贫农市民受尽了贫困的折磨。
Before the biberation innumerable poor peasants and needy city-dwellers in China languished in poverty .
4.我们必须全心全意为人民服务的信条仍为我们极大多数的人民所遵循。
The creed that we should serve the people whole –heartedly is followed by great majority of our people
5.管理不善和无效率的工作作风使得这公司瘫痪了。
The corperation was crippled by missmanagement and ineficient work style .
6.人们愈来愈认识到治理污染和保护环境的迫切性了。
The people have become more and more aware of the urgency of fighting pollution to protect the environmnet .
7.观众热烈的掌声足以证明管弦乐队的成功。
The orchestra’s success was envidenced by the warm applause from the audience .
8.生物化学家开始对遗传学有了一个更好的理解。
Biochemists are on the threshold of a better understanding of genetic engineering
1.富兰克林在他的《自传》里力劝读者要勤俭。
Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. 2.谁能证明这签名无诈？
Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature?
3.人们给它起了"小家伙"的绰号,因为就他年纪而言，他看上去长得很小。He is dubbed "Tiny" because he looks so small for his age.
4.他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解。
He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice.
5.他的一番话引起了我们的不满。
His words incurred our displeasure.
6.要我们在这么短时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的。
It is virtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time.
7.他反复思考这个手术可能会产生的后果。
He ruminated over the likely consequences of the operation.
8.这个地区的报业很兴旺。
The newspaper business in the region is flourishing.
9.掌握英语需要孜孜不倦的努力。
It takes assiduous efforts to acquire a good command of English.
1.他感到有一种不能抑制的冲动，很想驾车尽快赶到那里。
He felt an irresistible impulse to drive there as fast as possible.
2.我认为她的言行不一致。
I don't think that her words and actions correspond.
3.他去取回遗留在演讲厅里的伞。
He went to retrieve his umbrella he had left in the lecture room.
4.要骗取他的同意是不可能的。
It is impossible to cajole him into consent.
5.他受到那本小册子的诱惑，游遍了欧洲。
The brochure lured him into traveling all over Europe.
6.他敦促他的工友坚持原则。
He urged his workmates to adhere to their principles.
7.人们往往瞧不起那些玩两面派的人。
One tends to disdain those who resort to double dealing.
8.在许多场合，反感会产生仇恨。
Aversion, in many cases, engenders hate.
9.在经过漫长而又艰难的旅程之后，他感到筋疲力尽。
He felt exhausted after a long and arduous journey.
翻译硕士英语翻译常考单词汇总
翻译硕士英语翻译常考单词汇总 2014年 1) articulate 清晰的表达， 2) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account根据某人自己所说，letalone更别提， 3) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 4) associate联系， 5) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 1) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 2)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 3) ineffect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 4)blame批评， 5)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的; 2012年 1) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致，generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 2) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 3) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 4) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见， 5) track跟踪; 2011年 1) erroneous错误的，error错误， 2) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 3) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 4) circumstance环境， 5) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列; 丰富的词汇量会让我们在英语考试中占得优势，小编整理2006-2010年考研英语中真题中的常用词汇，希望大家认真背诵，集中记忆，相信会对大家的考研有很大帮助，也预祝大家考研成功。 2010年
4英语翻译技巧-直、音、意译
英语翻译方法：直译与意译 这里所讲翻译方法是指通过英、汉两种语言特点对比，分析其异同，阐述表达原文的一般规律。英、汉语结构有相同一面，汉译时可照译，即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容，又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。但这两种语言之间还有许多差别，如完全照译，势必出现“英化汉语”，这时就需要“意译”，在忠实原文内容前提下，摆脱原文结构束缚，使译文符合汉语规范。特别要注意是：“直译”不等于“死译”，“意译”也不等于“乱译”。试比较： 1、直译与死译 原文结构与汉语结构是一致，照译即可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致，仍然采取直译方法，就成“死译”了。如： ①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。（直译） ②、The earth acts like a big magnet．地球作用着像一块大磁铁。（死译） ③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。（死译） 例②、例③既不忠实原意，又不符合汉语表达方式。因此，必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词（语）序调整”等手段使译文通顺。例②、例③应分别译为：“地球作用像一块大磁铁。”…“锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。” 2、意译和乱译 只有在正确理解原文基础上，运用相应翻译方法以调整原文结构，用规范汉语加以表达，这才真正做到“意译”。翻译实践证明，大量英语句子汉译都要采取“意译法”。 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文，可以不分析原文结构，只看词面意义，自己编造句子，势必造成“乱译”。如： It is easy to compress a gas，it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape，but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.气体是很容易压缩，这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。（乱译） 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想（不正确选择词义、任意转换成分）造成。在这里，将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通，因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”，两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。 将will expand任意转换为时间状语，致使不符合原义。will expand and fill应译为“会扩张并充满”。综上所述，原译文可改为“气体很容易压缩，那只不过是缩小分子之间距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它容器。” 就翻译方法而论，总来说，就是“直译法和意译法相结合”，又可细分为“照译”、“词义引伸”、“成分转换”、“句转成分”等译法。 英语翻译训练方法-直译 直译是一种重要的翻译方法，它有不少优点，例如能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。据估算，大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理，所以直译广为译者采用，由此可见直译法之重要。但是，直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆，晦涩难懂，有时不能正确传达原文意义，有时甚至事与愿违。所以，如果不顾场合条件，不顾中外两种语言的差异，一味追求直译，就必然闯红灯，进入误区，造成误译。直译之所以有误区，是因为语言的形式与内容，句子的表层结构与深层意义有时不统一；另一方面，中外文化历史背景不同，造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译，指出过直译有局限性，但是直译到底有哪些局限性，它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区，明确这些误区，就要在翻译中避免一些错误，就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。 一、否定句型中的直译误区
法律英语翻译(2)
法律英语翻译技巧（二）法学语言与法学语言翻译 例1：The law holds that the individual is responsible for his acts. The law also indicates what is good and right, and what may and should be done. It also indicates what is evil and wrong, and should not and may not be done. The law further holds that what is evil and wrong is a crime and may not be done, and if done, renders the doer liable to punishment. The law also recognizes the principle that man has free will and that, with certain exceptions, he exercises free will in commission of any crime that he may commit. 译文1：法律认为公民应对自己的行为负责。法律还规定什么是美好的和正确的，规范了哪些事是允许做或应该做的。同样，法律规范了什么是邪恶的和错误的。法律还进一步明确规定哪些邪恶的错误的事是不能做的犯罪行为看，如果某人做了这样的事，那么该行为就要受到惩罚。同样，法律还承认这样一个原则，每个公民除犯罪自由外都具有自由意志，如果某人在各种违法活动中实施其自由意志，那么他就可能触犯法律。 译文2：法律规定人人应对自己的行为承担责任，分清善良和正义，规范了人们的行为准则；法律还认为，作孽枉法即是犯罪，法不可恕，
法律英语翻译专业词汇大全
法律英语翻译专业词汇 大全 This model paper was revised by LINDA on December 15, 2012.
equality of men and women, equality between [of] the sexes南昌市 Nanchang Municipality南京市 Nanjing Municipality南宁市 Nanning Municipality南平市Nanping Municipality南通市 Nantong Municipality脑外伤综合症 combined external head injuries年报 annual report年度账目 annual accounts宁波市 Ningbo
Municipality宁静的占有权 quiet possession宁夏回族自治区 Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources纽约公约 New York Convention农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labour农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农工商联合企业 agro-industrial-commercial combines农垦区 land reclamation district农民集体 peasant collective农药残留物 pesticide residue农业部 Ministry of Agriculture农业发展银行 Agriculture Development Bank农业税agricultural tax农转非 rural residents become urban residents虐待 maltreat虐待罪 crime of abuse挪用公款 misappropriation of public funds殴打他人 assault 偶犯 casual offender排斥外在证据原则 parol evidence rule排除责任条款 exclusion clause排纷解讼 dissolution of disputes and litigation排他性的独占权exclusive monopoly right派生的分租人 derivative under-lessor派生的分租租契derivative under-lease判案理由 adjudicative reasons, grounds of judgment判处sentence判定 confirm判定债务人没有付款的誓章 affidavit of default on the part of the judgment debtor判决 judgment判决理据 grounds of judgment判决书 written judgment判决执行 enforcement of the judgment判刑 sentence泡沫经济bubble economy泡沫效应 bubble effect培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth赔偿 compensate赔偿金 compensation money赔偿损失 compensation for losses赔偿责任 liability to damages配股 allotment of shares, rationed shares配合饲料 compound/mix feed配偶 spouse配偶的父母 parents-in-law配套改革concomitant reforms配套人民币资金 local currency funding of批复 Reply批评教 育 re-education批准 approve, approval批准机关 approval authority批准文号
英语翻译汇总
Unit One 1. Personal consumption expenditure, consisting of the market value of goods and services purchased by individuals and nonprofit institutions as well as the value of food, clothing, housing and financial services received by them as income in kind. 个人消费开支：指个人和非盈利机构以物品形式得到的食品、衣服、住房和金融服务，以及他们购置的产品和劳务的市场价值。 2. Gross private domestic investment, consisting of newly produced capital goods —buildings and equipment — acquired by private business and non-profit institutions, including the value of inventory changes and all new private houses. Gross investment can also be seen as consisting of two portions. One portion is necessary to replace the depreciation — or wearing out — of some of the existing stock of capital goods. The remaining portion is net investment and represents an addition to the size of the stock of capital goods. 私人国内总投资：指私人企业和非盈利机构所需的新产品的资本货物——建筑和设备，其中包括存货变化和所有新的私人住房屋价值。总投资还可以看成包括两部分。一部分是以替代现存资本货物的消耗或磨损。另一部分是净投资，它增加了对资本货物的存货量。 3. Government purchases of goods and services, consisting of general government expenditure for compensation of employees and net purchases from business and from abroad. 政府购买的物品与劳务：指补偿雇工和从企业及国外的进料净额所支付的一般行政费用。 4. Net exports of goods and services, consisting of the amount of exports minus the amount of imports. 商品和劳务的净出口：指减除进口量的出口量。 5. Economics involves that study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, large enterprises and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them. 经济学涉及的研究课题有财富和贫困、金钱和银行、收入、税收、繁荣和萧条、大企业、工会以及几百种直接影响我们生活方式的其他方面。经济实力影响我们日常生活的各个方面，包括获得职业的难易、所选定工作的收入多少、得到工资后能买到多少东西等。 6. In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concern of human history. 事实上，经济学中的每一个课题可能毫无例外地不仅接触到你的个人生活，而且对一个政府的当前某些经济问题或社会政策，也有着重要意义。同时，经济学中的每个课题也涉及到人类历史中长期以来所关心的问题。 7. It is particularly worth noting that the services of whole-salers, retailers, bankers, and similar “middlemen” are an important part of the productive process. After all, it
商务英语翻译练习 - 直译与意译
Translation exercises A.Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1.I’ve read your articles and I expected to meet an older man. 2.The ship turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of water beside her. 3.To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 4.For White, to disclose his long-held privacy means to strike the heel of Achilles. 5.In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 6.Jefferson believed that the Baghdad Pact had already been reduced to less than a shadow. 7.We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where all can have equal opportunities. 8.Every time Robert visits me, one of my books disappears. I’m beginning to smell a rat. 9.We are very sorry to disappoint you, but hope you will understand that stock offers are a touch-and-go kind of things. 10. What sort of force does the sun exert on the planets which causes the planets to move according to the laws which Kepler has discovered. B.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese In 1776, Adam Smith, a Scottish economist, wrote the wealth of Nations, a book that has had an enormous influence on American economic development. Like many other thinkers, Smith believed that in a capitalist system people are naturally selfish and are moved to engage in manufacturing and trade in order to gain wealth and power. Smith’s originality was to argue that such activity is beneficial because it leads to increased production and sharpens competition. As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, Smith argued, “an invisible hand” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. And yet, American industrial development in the 19th century took a toll on working men and women. Factory owners often required them to put in long hours of low wages, provided them with unsafe and unhealthy workplaces, and hired the children of poor families. There was discrimination in hiring: African Americans and members of some immigrant groups were rejected or forced to work under highly unfavorable conditions.
法律英语翻译练习与答案-0609
练习1：外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失。If the foreign joint venturer causes any losses by deception through the intentional use of backward technology and equipment, it shall pay compensation for the losses. 修改提示：单复数考虑不周；用语不够简洁。 答案（修改要点）：causes any losses →causes any loss(es) 造成一项或多项损失时都应当赔偿，不能仅用复数形式。 pay compensation for the losses →pay compensation therefor (therefor=for that/them) 练习2：人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件，应当分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。 原译文：The people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public s ecurity organs shall, in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law. 修改提示：“分工负责”，应理解为：侧重点在“负责”，而非“分工”，即分工过程中各负其责；respective 比own 更为妥当、准确；原来的译文中，and they shall …比较啰嗦，更严重的问题是，使to ensure …割断了与divide their functions 的联系。 答案（修改要点）：in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law.→… in handling criminal cases, take responsibility for their respective work while dividing functions, co-ordinate, and check each other, to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law. 练习3：商标注册人享有商标专用权，受法律保护。 原译文：Trademark registrants shall enjoy the right to exclusive use of their trademarks and shall be protected by law. 修改提示：商标专用权的译文“貌合神离”，立法原意是“商标专有权”；受法律保护的主语有些歧义，可加括号处理；原文shall滥用，因为并未刻意强调“必须，一定要”。 答案（修改为）：Trademark registrants have the exclusive trademark right, (and are) protected by law. 练习4：被告人的犯罪情节极其严重、社会影响极其恶劣、社会危害极其严重。 原译文：The extremely serious circumstances of the offense committed by the accused have brought abominable influence and severe hazard to the whole society. 修改提示：bring的用法有些生硬，动宾搭配不太适当。 答案（修改为）：have brought abominable influence and severe hazard to the whole society. → have exerted an abominable influence and posed a severe hazard to society. (exert, vt. 施加，产生，如exert pressure on, exert an influence on; abominable, adj. 可恶的，极坏的；pose v. 提出，形成，成为；使摆好姿势pose a problem; pose an obstacle/a threat to …) 练习5：买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：货号; 品名及规格；数量；单价；总值(数量及总值均有_____%的增减, 由卖方决定)；生产国和制造厂家；包装；唛头；装运期限；装运口岸；目的口岸；保险；
高级英语翻译[试题]
高级英语翻译[试题] 1. 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强的毅力写出了一部部催人泪下的奋进小 说。(同位语语序)
A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases，she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will. b5E2RGbCAP
2. 这 3 个县经历了那场中国 70 年代第四次较为严重的遍及数省的自然灾害。 (英文定语的语序)
The three counties underwent the fourth most serious natural disaster that plagued several provinces in China in the 1970’s. p1EanqFDPw
3. 这首歌并不曾继续多久，就和笛声共同消失在黑暗里了。(拆开状语从句) The singing did not last very long.Soon，together with the sound of the flute it faded away in the darkness. DXDiTa9E3d
4. 说毕，张道士方退出去。这里贾母与众人上了楼，在正面楼上归坐。凤姐 等占了东楼。(合句法)
Thereupon the priest withdrew ,while the Lady Dowager and her party went upstairs to RTCrpUDGiT
, Xifeng and her companions occupying that to the east.sit in the main balcony5PCzVD7HxA
5. 这日他比平日起得迟，看见她已经伏在洗脸台上擦脖子，肥皂的泡沫就如 大螃蟹嘴上的水泡一般，
高高的堆在两个耳朵后面。(缩句法)
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高级法律英语翻译实践,第二课
第二课法律、民主与道德分歧 最近人们常听说，在美国及其他的地方，在公开演讲和市民生活中，对手之间的相互尊重和待人接物的礼仪风尚正在减弱。有些人从种种雄辩理念中找到一种指标可能，即重要的是在许多道德分歧问题上“赞同不同意见”。许多这些观念对此类问题存在客观真理。实践共识或者两者都存在的可能性，趋于持怀疑态度。其他人则倾向于把实质性的道德争议完全排除于政治领域之外，以免不可避免要表达的道德上的政治分歧的观念危害到社会的稳定性。然而，在两本有价值的关于道德分歧的政治和法律含义的新书中，则体现了另一种不同的趋势。《民主和意见分歧：政治上难免道德冲突之探源及其对策》，政治理论家艾美?古特曼和丹尼斯?托普逊著；《法律推理和政治冲突》，法律学者卡斯桑斯坦著，提出了对公民生活行为道德分歧内涵的反思，和我们的政体如何处理牢固的道德分歧的具体建议。 1.罗尔斯和理性分歧之事实 曾参加过鸡尾酒会或在大学里教授过伦理学或政治学理论的人，很可能熟悉下列驳论的套路。社会主流不赞同，比如堕胎、色情或者同性恋行为的道德准则。道德分歧的现象表明，这些问题不存在客观真理，只有主观观点。在更大范围内，任何人都没有权利将他自己的主观观点强加于那些恰恰不赞同他们的人身上。因此法律禁止、限制甚至反对堕胎、色情或者同性恋行为的做法不正当的侵犯了人们的自由。 然而稍作反思，人们就会发现这种推理套路中有大量的谬误。也许最受争议的便是它从道德分歧之存在中得出不存在客观道德真理的推论，而这一推论违背了社会常规性。打个比方，如果埃里克斯主张奴隶制是道德性的错误，那么贝尔塔不赞同的现象并不意味着埃里克斯的观点是错误的。实际上，埃里克斯也许对奴隶制的道德性错误想法有误，但贝尔塔不赞同的这一仅有的现象是不构成埃里克斯主张错误的充分理由的。毕竟，贝尔塔的主张也有可能是错误的。如果查尔斯还没有形成自己关于奴隶制的观点，但正希望形成一个正确的观点，那么在得出一个判定之前，他将会把埃里克斯关于奴隶制的道德性的论证和贝尔塔的反证放在一起加以考虑。仅仅从埃里克斯和贝尔塔分歧这一现象中，查尔斯是不可能理性地得出该问题不会有客观真理的结论。此外，如果埃里克斯和贝尔塔的争论从奴隶制转向论证堕胎、同性恋行为、色情、娱乐性使用毒品或其他任何当前有争议的道德问题上，这样的结论依然是不合理的。 但是如果埃里克斯和贝尔塔都是“理性之人”，又该如何呢？如果理性之人对某行为是否不道德发生分歧，是否就意味着该问题不存在客观真理而只有主观观点呢？并非如此。他们的分歧仅表明他们其中之一是错误的，或者他们都是错误的。即便是理性之人也会犯错误，有时也会信息不全。埃里克斯或贝尔塔可能完全或部分的忽视了或者未能充分注意到某些相关的现象或价值。你或他（或者我们大家）都可能正在推理中犯逻辑性的错误或其他的错误。这样或那样的偏见也许或妨碍一个关键的推论或其他的洞悉。 当然，相信客观道德真理的人（像我一样）并非认为那些客观真理总是那么明显，道德问题也从不棘手。相反，某些道德问题特别的棘手。有些道德问题是自身棘手，而有些道德问题的棘手是因为人们所处的文化环境中的物质、偏见、私利或其他因素使相关价值趋于模糊，并妨碍了关键洞察力。理性之人遇见此种情况也难以幸免。然而道德问题的棘手并不是暗示着问题没有正确的答案。即使理性的分歧也并不表明客观真理的缺失。 至此，我一直想表明的是，与人们在鸡尾酒会或大学教室的听闻不同，分歧存在并不意味无客观道德真理——即便是“理性的分歧”，即，有关理性之人自己在多数场合下也可能产生分歧的棘手的道德问题之分歧。但是，有一个不太直接但相当精妙的，从理性之人间道德分歧之事实，论证得出涉及法律和公共政策中充满特定道德问题的、开明结论的方法。约翰?罗尔斯最近的著作中借助于他所谓的“理性多元主义”事实，作为其他问题除外而包含
英语翻译总结
Unit1 中译英 1. 男孩们，例如杰克和大卫，对我都很友好。（such as） Boys such as Jack and David are very friendly to me. 2.在作出这一决定的过程中，他起了重要的作用。（play a role in） He played an important role in making the decision. 3. 你如果找不到这本书没关系。（matter） It doesn’t matter if you can’t find the book. 4. 帮助他们就是帮助拯救我们自己。（by helping…） By helping them we are helping (to) save ourselves 5. 我愿意做你所期望我做的任何事情。（be willing to do, whatever）I’m willing to do whatever you expect me to do. 英译中 1. In fact, anyone can be a hero ― even you! 事实上，任何人都可能成为英雄——甚至你也能! 2. Y ou don’t have to save someone from a burning building or fight a robber.你不必从燃烧的大楼里救出某个人，或者与抢劫犯搏斗。 3. It doesn’t matter if you do something big or small. 你做的事或大或小，这并不重要紧。 4.A hero is a person who helps others in some way. 英雄是以某种方式帮助他人的人。 5. Help older people around the neighborhood.
英语 直译与意译-试讲教案
Good morning，class. In the last period we have learned chapter one-General principles of translation. And we have studied two important points: Definition of translation and the competence of a translator. And I will check you in the next class. As what we have mentioned last period, the process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expression. (理解和表达) Generally speaking, comprehension is of foremost importance, and express is the natural consequence of thorough comprehension. However, in the practice of translation, we may find that now and then some words in their usual senses are very difficult to deal with because of the disparity between the English and the Chinese language. In this case, we have to resort to some special means of translation. Literal translation and free translation are two alternative approaches to tackle this problem. So, in this class, we are going to learn translation strategies in 1.4.1, literal translation and free translation. To begin with, what’s literal translation and free translation? Please open your books and turn to page 12. Literal translation Vs. Free translation 1. Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1). Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 直译把句子作为基本单位，同时在翻译的过程中也考虑整个文本。 2). Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 直译是要再现文本的中心内容和原文风格，并且尽可能保留原文的修辞。 2. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where really impossible for translators to do literal translation. 意译其实是直译的一种补充的翻译手段。意译就是尽可能传达原文的意思和精髓，
法律英语翻译
Legal English (revised version for the students) Ch.1 The Main Features of Legal English 一、法律英语的英译： David Mellinkoff（加州大学洛杉矶分校法学院教授）：《The Language of the Law》1963 1.legal English---Lawful English Legal parlance（说法、用语）/legal lingo（行话、隐语）/legal jargon（行话、黑话）/legalese( 法律八股文)/language of jurisprudence(法理语言) 2. the English Language of the Law or shortened as “the language of the law” 3. 法律英语与法学英语 二、法律英语的范围： 是否凡是涉及法律的英语（词汇、表达方法、句子结构……）都是法律英语？ 英美法学界所公认的法律英语主要是指普通法国家（common-law countries）的法律人所用的习惯语言（customary language），包括某些词汇、短语，或具有特色的一些表达方法(mode of expressions)。 三、法律英语的主要特点： I. precise or exact (准确) 正常情况下，起草法律文件时，用词造句务必十分精准（with great exactness），因为一旦笔者的思想、观点、企图落实成文字，即成为法庭判断是非的重要依据，因为按严格解释原则(principle of strict construction)或唯名论原则(principle of nominalism)，尽管实践中还存在推测意图原则(principle of presumed intent)，但其不占主导地位，书面文字仍然是法官解释法律文件的唯一依据。 实务中鉴于对法律文件中文字的理解不一，也是常有纠纷出现： e.g. The Charter required that directors “shall be elected on a vote of the stockholders representing not less than two-thirds of outstanding capital st ock of the corporation.” 甲方理解成：被选上董事的人需三分之二的股东投票赞成(a candidate to be elected needs the votes of two-thirds of the stockholders ) 乙方则认为：选董事时须有三分之二的股东出席(two-thirds of the stockholders must be present at the meeting at which the election is held) What’s the judge’s opinion? e.g. 一个阿肯色州的美国人临终前写了一个遗嘱，遗嘱写道： The remainder of the testator’s property should be “divided equally between all of our nephews and nieces on my wife’s side and my niece.” 问题出在对“between”一词的理解上。立遗嘱人妻子一边的外甥和外甥女加在一起共有22个。这句话是指立遗嘱人的遗产的一半归其妻子方的22个外甥和外甥女，另一半归其本人一方的外甥女？还是指将遗产在双方的外甥外甥女中平均分配呢？ 为达准确之目的，常使用下列招法： 1. 使用专门术语（下文有述） 2. 重复使用具有绝对含义的词汇，如all , none, perpetuity, never, unavoidable; 3. 使用具有绝对限制含义的短语：