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2001-9上海市英语高级口译笔试试卷

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试2001年9月

(Test Book)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST

(30 MINUTES)

Part A: Spot Dictation

Direction:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.

The parents set the rules and the children obey, right? Wrong. In a growing number of North American families, adults have let their children _______________(1). ―Parents want to be nurturing and make their small children happy, but many have become confused about _________

(2) to achieve this,‖ explains a noted psychologist. ―Large numbers of parents are being ________

(3), to the point that entire families end up organizing themselves around _______________(4).‖

The problem is that many fathers and mothers try to be _______________(5) to their children. However, parenting is not a popularity contest. _______________(6) is a normal part of child development and is strongest between _______________(7). Setting rules and enforcing them teaches the child that he or she is _______________(8) but not equal in authority. Then a child feels safe and secure and can be a kid again. Believe it or not, it‘s frightening for a child a realize that they are _____________(9) a situation. In upside-down families, when parents _________ (10) from the rules they set, children become very insecure, anxious, and out of control. They don‘t _______________(11) to protect them. In order to _______________(12) and keep control, parents should act in accordance with the following tips:

First, _______________(13). Parents cannot guide a child and seek his or her approval of their decisions _______________(14). Don‘t say, ―It‘s time for bed. OK?‖Instead, say, ―It‘s time for bed, kids.‖

Second, don‘t _______________(15) and then change them. It‘s very important to be consistent. Once you make a rule, _______________(16).

Third, pay less attention to your child when _______________(17) is bad and more when it is good. Do not reward bad behavior by giving extra attention to it. Instead, save your attention for when _______________(18).

Finally, don‘t allow your kids to call you by _______________(19). This removes the authority figure in a child‘s life. Children need parents, _______________(20).

Part B: Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one,

you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.

1. (A) The forthcoming sales conference.

(B) Business trips to Hongkong and Europe.

(D) The layout of the catalogue.

2. (A) 268.

(B) 368.

(D) 486.

3. (A) One pound eleven.

(B) Two pounds fifty-one.

(D) Three pounds.

4. (A) The freight.

(B) The time for mailing.

(D) The delivery.

5. (A) To wait for a decision made by head office.

(B) To have the catalogue printed in Europe.

(D) To re-use last year‘s catalogue.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.

6. (A) To issue a final statement proposed by the US.

(B) To support a US missile defence plan.

(D) To review the situation of US military presence in Europe.

7. (A) The schedule for government talks on trade between the two countries.

(B) A wide but unspecified range of world issues of mutual interest.

(D) Plans to reform Japan‘s economy.

8. (A) Below 2 per cent.

(B) Around 2.5 per cent.

(D) From 4.75 per cent to 4.5 per cent.

9. (A) Police blamed the riots mainly on ultra-rightwing nationalists and white power

supremacists.

(B) The riots ere triggered by the general election scheduled for June.

(D) A considerable number of deaths and injuries were reported in local newspaper.

10. (A) Three people on a village lane.

(B) A bridge built to commemorate the Olympics.

(D) A building near a police station.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following news.

11. (A) A politician.

(B) A leader of industry.

(D) A radio presenter.

12. (A) Around one million.

(B) Between two and three million.

(D) Ten million.

13. (A) To announce the current national and international news.

(B) To present famous people to the audience./

(D) To organize the programme and to broadcast music.

14. (A) Politicians are often teased a bit too much in the programme.

(B) This is a live television interview programme.

(D) Interviewees are usually allowed to say what they want to say.

15. (A) 6:00 am.

(B) 6:30 am.

(D) 5:00 pm.

Questions 16 to are based on the following talk.

16. (A) The growing affluence of people in general.

(B) The climatic trends which are difficult to predict.

(D) The fairly conservative projections they have made.

17. (A) Sales through supermarkets have dropped slightly.

(B) Sales through salons remain steady.

(D) Sales through chemists have decreased sharply.

18. (A) A steady rise in the proportion of spending used in press advertising.

(B) A significant increase in sales.

(D) A reduction in the advertising budget.

19. (A) Under twenty.

(B) 21-to-30.

(D) 50-plus.

20. (A) Sun protection creams and lotions.

(B) After-sun preparations.

(D) Toiletry products.

SECTION 2: READING TEST

(30 MINUTES)

Direction:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several

questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1~5

Supermarket group Tesco, no the biggest retailer in the UK, rang up its first 1bn profit last year and yesterday claimed to be the fastest growing major retailer in the world. The 700-strong chain, once regarded as a down market pile-it-high-and-sell-it-cheap business, is raking in sales of nearly ￡23bn a year and producing a profit of ￡3m a day. Only one UK retailer – Marks & Spencer – has ever breached the ￡1bn barrier before and M&S has since suffered an about-turn in its fortunes. It made only ￡430m last year.

Despite criticism from consumer groups and some farmers‘representatives, Tesco, which now accounts for ￡25 of every ￡100 spent on groceries in the UK, insisted it was not making excessive profits. Chief executive Terry Leahy said the chain was making only just over ￡3 profit from every ￡100 purchase and deputy chairman David Reid said the growth had been driven by ―better service, quality and value for money‖.

The supermarket has also benefited from the lackluster performance of some of its rivals, especially Sainsury. Until 1995 Sainsbury was bigger than Tesco, but it last reported profits were barely half Tesco‘s ￡1bn. Safeway, which made ￡236m last year, is turning itself into a new breed of amall-scale hypermarket while Asda, with ￡330m profit last year, appears to have lost some of its momentum since its takeover by the American al-Mart discount chain. Tesco‘s ￡1.05bn profit, which was generated in the year to the end of February, is 12% up on last year. Sales were up 11.9%.

Earlier this year – in the wake of a two-year competition commission inquiry which cleared the supermarkets of making excessive profits – Tony Blair accused the supermarkets of having shoppers in ―an armlock‖, but Tesco denied its profits and success were being driven by squeezing suppliers. It said it had cut prices by ￡1bn over the past five years and that its price were now 11% lower than it 1996.

A spokesman for the company said: ―Our profits have been growing in line with sales for a number of years. In other words, it is not margin expansion, or any rip-off, that is driving the profit growth‖. ―And in as much as farmers are experiencing tough times, why blame it on the supermarkets? Other macro factors are more important. Farm profits are extremely cyclical and in recent years the strong pound and the travails associated with BSE have been the main issues.‖But a spokeswoman for the National Consumer Protection Council said: ―It is high time Tesco cut their price more and gave the customers more benefit from their profits‖, while Michael Hart, of the Small And Family Farms Alliance, accused the supermarkets of being a ―new food baronial class‖. The Liberal Democrats‘agriculture spokesman, Colin Breed, called for the

appointment of a retail regulator ―who would not be in the pockets of the supermarkets‖But the national Farmers‘ Union, while admitting that some of its members would find the earnings ―hard to comprehend‖, backed the company. Spokeswoman Helen Lo said farmers hit by crises like BSE and foot and mouth should work with the big grocers, rather than ―age a war‖ on them. She said: ―I think the way forward is to get farmers to muscle together to make a better profit for themselves, and they should look at efficiencies of operations.‖

Tesco is driving its growth through international expansion, and now operates 65 hypermarkets abroad, mostly in central Europe and Asia. Sales at those stores climbed to nearly ￡3bn last year and they produced profits of ￡74m. At home, the group last year sold ￡45m of DVD players and TV, extended its clothing range and put 8,000 new non food products on its shelves.

Mr. Leahy outlines plans to spend ￡1bn opening more Tesco outlets in the UK this year. He intends to double both the number of Tesco Express stores on Esso forecourt to 100 and the number of Tesco Extra hypermarkets to around 45. The expansion plans are expected to create 20,000 new jobs – half in the UK – meaning Tesco‘s world wide payroll will rise to 260,000. The Tesco com grocery home delivery business also brings in profits. The online grocer is now the biggest e-tailer in the world. Its 1m registered users and 70,000 weekly shoppers spend ￡6m a week.

1. This passage is mainly about ________.

(A) a comparison of supermarket groups in Britain

(B) criticism of supermarkets from consumer groups

(D) Tesco‘s first ￡1bn profit growth and its consequent responses

2. Which of the following shows the right order of supermarkets according to the profits they made last year?

(A) Marks & Spencer, Sainsbury, Safeway, Asda, Tesco

(B) Tesco, Sainsbury, Marks & Spencer, Asda, Safeway

(D) Safeway, Sainsbury, Tesco, Asda, Marks & Spencer

3. Which of the following parties or organizations sympathizes with Tesco?

(A) The Liberal Democrats

(B) The National Consumer Protection Council

(D) The Labour Party

4. The expression ―in the pockets of‖from the sentence ―The Liberal Democrats‘agriculture spokesman, Colin Breed, called for the appointment of a retail regulator ?who would not be in the pockets of the supermarkets‘.‖ (para. 6) can be replaced by ________.

(A) in line with

(B) in the control of

(D) in opposition to

5. According to the passage, all of the following contribute to Tesco‘s profit growth EXCEPT ________.

(A) implementation of its margin-expansion policy

(B) expansion of markets abroad

(D) improvement of service and quality

Questions 6~10

It is a very peculiar planning inquiry. On one side are Michael Howard, Spike Milligan, Joann Lumley and Shepway district council. On the other is English Nature. At stake are the fate of rare butterflies and orchids, and the civic pride of Folkestone.

The proposal to create a giant white horse on a grassy chalk hill overlooking the entrance to the channel tunnel has inflamed such passion that the Department of Environment deemed an inquiry was necessary. It is due to end tomorrow, although the wrangling seems certain to continue.

What began as a millennium art project has become a highly charged symbol of the town‘s future. Its supporters –who include Milligan and Lumley, both friends of the artist behind the scheme – say it will regenerate the resort. The council believes the 100m long galloping horse will brand Folkestone as an energetic town, attracting visitors and giving pleasure and pride to residents fro generations to come.

Its detractors call the scheme a folly which will despoil a precious resource while doing little to tackle the area‘s underlying problems. English Nature argues that Cheriton Hill itself is a greater treasure than anything which could be created there. Rare abonis blue butterflies ad spider orchids have made the chalk escarpment their home; it is a site of special scientific interest and a candidate special area of conservation.

―We don‘t disagree with the need for economic regeneration, but there is no need to damage and destroy a site of national and international wildlife importance in the process,‖ said Teresa Bennett, acting team manager for the body‘s Kent branch. he fears that creating and maintaining the horse would damage the area and attract tourists who could endanger the vulnerable wildlife.

But supporter dismiss English Nature‘s calls for them to choose a different location. ―The

site is pretty much the last view you have of England as you leave through the Channel tunnel and the first view you have as you arrive,‖ Mr. Hoard, MP for Folkestone and Hythe and a former environment minister and home secretary, told the hearing yesterday.

Arguing that the potential for ecological damage had been‖ vastly exaggerated‖, he added: ―The economy of Folkestone could be transformed if only a small proportion if the large numbers of people ho leave or enter the country through the tunnel were to stop to enjoy the area‘s attractions. ―Despite all the efforts people have made we have so far made disappointing progress in attracting people to stay.‖His conviction may have been fostered by a recent visitor from America, who spotted designs for the horse on a website and came to Folkestone believing it already existed.

Charles Newington, the proposed artist, says he was taken aback by the support for his design. ―It‘s become important as an issue because the people of Folkestone ant it,‖ he said. ―You can call it a lucky charm, a talisman an icon.. I didn‘t see it as a way of regenerating the area when I started, but that‘s hat it‘s become.‖

There are around 17 chalk horses in the UK and the practice of cutting the even has its own name, leucippotomy. The best known, at Uffington in Berkshire, probably dates from between 1,4000 and 600 BC, although most were created in the lat three centuries. Rather than carve a horse, Folkestone volunteers will fix panels into the soil to reduce damage from erosion and make maintenance easy. Mr. Newington estimates that it will cost around ￡4,000 which he believes will be easily raised through donations.

John Prescott, the environment secretary, will read the inquiry‘s recommendations and approve or reject the scheme within the next six months.

Should he turn it don, Richard Bougie, who farms Cheriton Hill and is the scheme‘s foremost advocate, has warned tat they may go all the ay to the European courts, albeit with misgivings. ―You know what they do to horse in Brusels, don‘t you?‖ he asked the planning inspector. ―They eat them.‖

6. It can be concluded from the passage that the focus of the argument is _______.

(A) how to preserve the wildlife in nFolkestone

(B) how to attract overseas tourists to Folkestone

(D) whether ecological damage can be avoided if the horse I created on Cheriton Hill

7. The proposal to build a 100m galloping horse near the entrance to the channel tunnel is warmly welcomed by the local people. The reason is that _______.

(A) it will be the largest of all chalk horses in the UK

(B) it will be a grand symbol of Folkestone‘ culture

(D) it will enhance the publicity of Folkestone and stimulate its tourism

8. According to Charles Newignton, the designer of the giant white horse, _______.

(A) the building of the hite horse has only artistic value

(B) the public response to the white horse project is beyond his expectation

(D) the planning inquiry will not stop the building of the white horse

9. The author introduces Richard Bougie at the end of the passage ________.

(A) for he comes from Cheriton Hill, Folkestone

(B) as he will go to the European courts to win the case

(D) to show local people‘s support to the scheme

10. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) The horse will be cut on the rocks covering Cheriton Hill.

(B) Mot chalk horses in the UK were built in the last few centuries.

(D) The example of the American visitor gives support to the building of the horse.

Questions 11~15

―EVERYTHING worth photographing I in California,‖Edward Weston once said. Hi observation, however exaggerated, points up one of the distinguishing features of California photography: It began out of the need to depict a unique place. From its beginnings to the dotcom boom of our day, California has seemed to offer people a chance to make more money and enjoy more freedom than they could back home, together with a chance to lie in a natural paradise. The California Gold Rush of 1849 was the first major historical event to be fully documented by photographers; daguerreotypist as well as gold miners could hope to make rich new lives.

Sustaining the state‘s rapid economic development called for investors and evermore new settlers. Both could be attracted by photographs. Individual Californians wanted pictures of themselves and their communities, not least for faraway relatives. For good and for ill- promoting both investment and conservation –photography has played a major part in making the place seem real, whether as America‘s Garden of Eden or, more recently, a once-parasitic landscape ruined by greed.

This remarkable story is the subject of ―Capturing Light: Masterpiece of California Photography, 1850 to the Present,‖ an exhibition organized by the Oakland Museum of California. Selected form the museum‘s own preeminent collection, it presents 200 work, most of which were originally intended as art. Others were done as unpretentious documentation, or even as

snapshots.

The earliest panoramic view of the Yosemite Valley lent themselves to both high-mindedness and economic exploitation. In historical fact, such photographs were used to argue in favor of establishing our national park system, but dream of pristine natural beauty have also led many an outlander to invest or settle in California. America‘s onetime Eden is now its most populous state, beset by electric-power shortages and environmental degradation, but still offering visions of breath-taking natural beauty.

As the years passed, photography changed to reflect new perceptions of the world. By the late-19th century, science and technology – which had given us the locomotive and the steel mill, as well as the camera –could no longer be seen a unqualified blessing. So-called pictorial photography, characterized by blurry focus and wistful moods, was a genteel protest against the realitie of unchecked industrialism. In California, where check on that trend were almost nonexistent, photography perhaps played a larger role than elsewhere. Such paternalists as Arnold Genthe and Johan Hagemeyer contrived to photograph eve crowded San Francisco as if little had changed since the Middle Ages.

The more optimistic 1920s brought a reaction against soft-focus genteelism. As with modern architecture‘s refusal to blur the underlying geometric shape of a building with ornament, such California photographers as Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, and Imogen Cunningham celebrated nature by photographing it in sharp focus, as if its forms were eternal. But the need to document history reasserted itself during the 1930s; Dorothea Lange‘s poor migrant workers became as classic an expression of life in California as Ansel Adams‘s mountains.

All of these photographers worked with the camera as a tool, a surrogate eye‘ photography was not a force in itself, to be investigated by photographers. Today‘s California, long established as a center of the film and television industries, can no longer ignore the effect of its own images. Much of the state‘s recent artistic photography explores the implications of picturemaking itself. Against that background, Lynn Hershman‘s woman in high heels, with a TV set for a head, is an almost quintessential expression of the idea that we all, to a greater or lesser extent, are forming ourselves out of other people‘s pictures.

―Capturing Light‖ is at The Oakland Museum of California through May 27. A national tour is planned with venues to be announced.

11. The passage is mainly about ________.

(A) the California Gold Rush of 1849

(B) the environmental pollution in California

(D) the role of photography in development of California

12. Which of the following cannot be concluded about the exhibition ―Capturing Light‖?

(A) It includes works taken over the past one ad half centuries.

(B) It shows the outstanding collection of the Oakland Museum of California.

(D) It gives the documentation of historical changes in California

13. The so-called ―pictorial photograph‖ discussed in paragraph 5 was regarded as ________.

(A) a record of the unique beauty on California

(B) a protest against the negative side of industrialism

(D) a portrayal of the coming of locomotive and steel mill

14. According to the passage, which of the following in NOT directly intended by photographers in California?

(A) To attract tourists and new settlers to California.

(B) To document the natural beauty of California.

(D) To demonstrate the life and work of Californians.

15. According to the page, California‘s recent artistic photography _______.

(A) tells the importance of film and television industries

(B) explores the art of film and television making

(D) studies the interactive nature of picturemaking

Questions 16~20

THE ABORTION W ARS AGE ON again. No, abortion is not about to be outlawed. In America, this battle is fought, peculiarly, not at the center but at the periphery. The new President repeal the former President‘s directive allowing funding for abortion counseling overseas. Now, there may be good reason to pause before opening wide the door to this kind of research-but not for the reasons being advanced by opponents of abortion. The real problem is not where the cells come from, but where they are going.

At immediate issue are ―stem cells,‖ cells often taken from the very earliest embryo. Because they are potentially capable of developing into any kind of cell, they may help cure an array of intractable diseases. Pro-life forces find the procedure ethically impermissible, because removing the cells kills the embryo. Moreover, they argue, harvesting this biological treasure will encourage the manufacture of human embryos for precisely this utilitarian purpose.

But their arguments fail. First, stem cell are usually taken from embryos produced for external fertilization or from aborted fetuses. Both procedure are legal. They produce cell of

incalculable value that would otherwise be discarded. Why not derive human benefit from them? Second, the National Institutes of health guidelines issued last August take away any incentive to abort or otherwise produce embryos just for their useful parts: no payment for embryos and no dedication of embryonic cells for specific recipients. Finally, there is the potential benefit. Because embryonic tem cells can theoretically develop into any cell type in the body, they could cure all kind of diseases. Will it work? We can‘t know without the research.

One can admire pro-lifers for trying to prevent science from turning human embryos into tissue factories. But there is a rearguard action. The benefits of such research will soon become apparent. Those resisting this research will find themselves outflanked politically, as the stampede of the incurably sick and their loved ones rolls through Congress demanding research and treatment. The resister will also find themselves outflanked morally when the amount of human suffering that stem cells might alleviate is weighed against the small risk of increasing the number of embryos that do not see life.

In their desire to keep the embryo inviolable opponent are missing the main moral issue. The real problem with research that manipulates early embryonic cells is not the cells‘ origin but their destiny. What really ought to give us pause about research that harnesses the fantastic powers of primitive cell to develop into entire organs and even organisms is what monsters we will soon be capable of creating.

In 1998, Massachusetts scientist injected a human nucleus into a cow egg. The resulting embryo, destroyed early, appeared to be producing human protein, but we have no idea hat kind of grotesque hybrid entity would come out of such a marriage. Last October, the first primate containing genes from another species—a monkey with a jellyfish gene—was born. Monkey today. Tomorrow humans.

Just last month Britain legalized embryonic tem-cell research. Parliament also permitted ―therapeutic‖ human cloning. That means that you cannot grow your clone in a uterus to produce a copy of yourself, but you can grow it in a test tube to produce organs a spare parts. Anyone who believes that such lines will not be crossed is living on the moon.

The heart of problem is this: It took Nature 3 billion years of evolution to produce cells that have the awesome power to develop autonomously, through staggeringly complex chemical reactions, into anything from a kidney cell to a full thinking human being. We are about to harness that power for crude human purposes.

What will our purposes be? Of course there will be great medical benefits. They will seduce us into forging bravely, recklessly ahead. But just around the corner lies the logical by-product of such research: the hybrid human-animal species, the partly developed human bodies for use as parts, and other grotesqueries a yet unimagined. That is what ought to be giving us pause: not where we took these magnificent cells from but where they are taking us.

16. According to the author, the opponents of abortion, or profilers, _______.

(A) are groundless towards fetal-tissue research

(B) do not recognize the potential benefit of stem cell

(D) do not understand the moral consequence of embryonic research

17. It can be concluded from the passage that the author ________.

(A) thinks that the abortion should never be approved

(B) is vehementally counterattacking the views of pro-lifers

(D) I suggesting that the embryonic research should continue

18. The expression ―Monkeys today. Tomorrow human‖(para. 6) can best be paragraphed as which of the following?

(A) Monkey will be evolved into humpans.

(B) The embryonic research may produce human-animal species.

(D) The evolution from monkey to human is a cyclic process.

19. Which of the following is implied in the sentence ―Anyone who believes that such lines will not be crossed is living on the moon.‖ (para. 7)?

(A) The cloning of human organ ill lead to cloning of humans.

(B) Many people doubt the achievement of human cloning.

(D) The cloning technology ill help us lie on the moon.

20. It can be found that in writing the essay, the author ________.

(A) takes a liberal position on the issue of cloning technology

(B) treats the topic only as a medical issue

(D) expresses a quite optimistic view about curing all kinds of diseases

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST

(30 MINUTES)

Direction:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

The most important fact in Washing ton‘s failure on Thursday to be re-elected for the first

time since 1947 to the U. N. Human Rights Commission is that it as America‘friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat. After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.-led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington; the shock came in the fact that the European and other Western nations that traditionally ensured U.S. Re-election turned their backs on Washington.

Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their vote to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism. They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington‘s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issue ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty. They are also critical of what they see ass Washington‘s tendency to publicise the issue of human rights, using annual resolutions at the committee to denounce China or Cuba hen that conforms to U.S. foreign policy objectives but for the same reason voting alone in defence of Israel when that country is in the dock over its conduct.

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST

(30 MINUTES)

Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling

Direction: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.

Studying in a foreign country is certainly a new ________________(1), but it also has some ________________(2) for you. You will have difficulty ________________(3) to a new culture. There will be at least four essential stages of culture shock adjustment.

This first stage I ―the ________________(4)‖, when you will feel ________________(5) about the new place. You will find everything and everybody so ________________(6).

The second stage is the ―________________(7) stage‖. You feel ________________(8) and distressed about everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first. At this stage you develop various ________________(9) mechanisms to protect you against the ________________(10) of culture shock. But these defence mechanism can ________________(11) you because they prevent you from making necessary ________________(12) to the new culture.

The third stage of culture shock adjustment I called ―________________(13)‖. At this stage you recover from the ________________(14) of the first two stage. The whole situation start to become more ________________(15). You learn to ________________(16) the elements of the new culture.

The lat stage is called ―adjustment‖. Now you feel ________________(17) with the new culture and you have adjusted to it.

If you live in a foreign country, you cannot ________________(18) culture shock. When you have completely adjusted to a new culture, you can fully ________________(19) it. You lean how to ________________(20) with other people.

Part B: Listening and Translation

1. Sentence Translation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. you will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

2. Passage Translation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and rite your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

(1)

(2)

SECTION 5: READING TEST

(30 MINUTES)

Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information form the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1-3

WHEN JOE MARCHEE arrived at the Westtown School, a private Quaker day and boarding school in a suburb of Philadelphia, he found a one-strike policy in effect toward drug and alcohol offense: a kid caught with illegal substance was expelled. The effect, says Marchese, who runs the 385-student upper school, was to often drive the offenders underground. ―Student would want to get help for themselves or their friend, but feared the possibility they‘d be thrown out of school,‖he ay. That was nine years ago. Soon afterward Westtown, with advice from the drug-prevention nonprofit FCD Educational Service, moved toward a ―two track‖system of discipline and treatment. There‘s a mandatory two-week suspension for anyone caught with drugs on campus, but instead of just going home to watch game shows and smoke pot, the student receives counseling and support. When he returns to school, a support plan is in place that includes random drug testing and counseling. ―It‘s good to know that people have a second chance, says senior Nneka Nwosu, a student representative on the school‘s discipline council. ―It‘s: ?I made mistake, but I‘m not a bad kid. I get to come back and prove that I‘m still a good kid.‖

Westtown is one of a relative handful of schools that have begun to rethink their ―zero tolerance‖ policies toward substance abuse. The policies, which began coming into fashion around 1990, have sustained ridicule over the absurd outcome they occasionally lead to, such as the suspension of a West Virginia seventh grader for sharing cough drops with a classmate. No one keeps statistic on how many schools have zero-tolerance policies, and there is no uniform definition; an automatic expulsion for a first drug offense, which is what many people probably assume it means, appears to be fairly rare anyway. But even suspension is not being questioned, on the grounds of both fairness and efficacy. A policy meant to protect the school may not be in the best interests of the larger society, or the offender himself. ―If a child leaves school, where does he go?‖wonders child psychiatrist Elizabeth Berger, author of ―Raising Children With Character.‖ He goes somewhere and becomes someone else‘s problem.‖ Even some teachers are beginning to feel uncomfortable with the one-strike policies, says Kyle Pruett, a child and adolescent psychiatrist at Yale University, who consults with many schools. ―They begin to feel their hands are tied. It cuts out the ability to judge each circumstance on its own merits.‖The argument in favor of a tough, uniform code of drug penalties hasn‘t changed: it sends a strong, unambiguous message to students. That‘s been the experience at Benedictine High School in Richmond, Va., a Roman Catholic military academy, which started random drug testing for all students (and faculty ad staff) last year. Nick Cornwell, a junior, says he supports the policy because it makes it easier for student to turn down drugs, since they can plausibly claim to be

afraid of being caught. But even here, a student who flunks a drug test once is offered counseling and a second chance; expulsion is mandatory only after a second offense. Like many schools, Benedictine is drawing a distinction between the troubled kid, the drug abuser who may progress to dealing and a kid who may experiment once with a joint but is n‘t going to let it ruin his life. ―Most kids are going to experiment at some level,‖says Harvard University child psychiatrist Timothy Wilens. ―If experimentation is the norm, where do you draw the line? Who will be left?‖

1. What is substance abuse? What is zero-tolerance policy?

2. Introduce briefly the ―two-track‖ system and its significance.

3. What can be learnt from the experience at Benedictine High School?

Question 4-6

When it comes to angering jurors, Exxon Mobil has few peers. In 1994 a panel of 11 Alaskan decided the company should pay $5 billion in punitive damages for the Exxon Valdez oil spill—the second-largest award in history. On Dec. 19, a jury in Alabama socked the company with $3.4 billion in punitive for cheating the state out of oil royalties—the third-biggest verdict ever.

To Exxon, these decisions are symptoms of a sick legal system. convinced the Valdez jury unfairly punished the company for its size, executive have exercised every possible appeal to get it overturned—even though that strategy has made them appear unrepentant. After the Alabma decision, the company once again came out fighting. Denouncing the jury‘s decision as ―meritless,‖ Exxon pledged to ―take all legal steps to challenge the verdict.‖ ENOUGH MUSCLE? The company‘s outrage is, to a certain extent, understandable. Politicians, pundits, public-interest groups, and plaintiffs‘ lawyers love to demonize Exxon. And the Alabama verdict is way out of proportion to Exxon‘s alleged misbehavior, given that the jury only found the company had cheated the state out of $87.8 million. Ultimately, the punitive damages will probably get reduced.

So why was it awarded in the first place? Jurors were inflamed by internal corporate documents that indicated Exxon was aware it was cheating the state but thought it had enough muscle to get away with it. ―They knew what they were doing wasn‘t right, but they did it anyway,‖ says jury foreman Shae Fillingim.

The Alabama case raises a serious question: Does the world‘s biggest and richest company think it‘s above the law? That‘s certainly the view of many attorneys who run into Exxon‘s scorched-earth litigation tactics. They ―don‘t have much respect for the civil justice system. They fight over everything. They don‘t concede the obvious,‖says Eugene E. Stearns, a Miami commercial litigator who in February won a $1 billion judgement against the company on behalf of gas station dealers who claimed they had been overcharged.

The Alabama lawsuit revolved around a series of natural gas wells that Exxon drilled is

state-owned waters. After signing several leases in 1979 obligating Exxon to share revenues with Alabama, the company decided it didn‘t like the terms of the agreements. Among other things, Exxon wanted to deduct several different types of processing costs before paying the state any royalties.

Problem was, the lease clearly barred these deductions. In a 1993 memo, in-house attorney C. Charles Broome analyzed whether the company had any grounds to take the deductions. he noted that Shell Oil, which had signed a similar lease interpreted it ―in the same manner as the state.‖He then laid out two arguments the company might use to claim the deductions. The odds of the first approach succeeding? ―Less than 50%,‖ wrote Broome. As for the second argument, he said ―I believe it has little chance of being upheld.‖

Under these circumstances, most companies probably would have simply paid up. Not Exxon. Broome proceeded to subject the issue of whether the company should obey the law to cool cost-benefit analysis. ―If we adopt anything beyond a ?safe‘ approach, we should anticipate a quick audit and subsequent litigation,‖ he wrote. ―Our exposure is 12% interest on underpayments calculated from the due date, and the costs of litigation.‖

Exxon claims its interpretation of the lease is valid and is appealing the decision. ―Alabama is notorious for excessive punitive damages, and unfortunately we are the latest in the saga,‖ says Kenneth P. Cohen, vice-president for public affairs. So the company is once again bashing the American legal system. But the oil giant seems to be missing the broader point: that it‘s own arrogance may be as much to blame for the big verdicts as irrational jurors.

4. What is Exxon Mobil? Why does the author say it has ―few peers‖―when it comes to angering jurors‖?

5. Why were the jurors ―inflamed‖ when they found Exxon‘s internal corporate documents (para.

3)?

6. Give a brief summary of Exxon‘s response to the jury‘s decisions.

Questions 7-10

IN THE OLD DAYS, IT WAS ALL DONE WITH CAKES. FOR MARCEL Proust, it was a visit to Mother‘s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to ―the vast structure of recollection‖that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia, ―Remembrance of Things Past.‖ These days, it‘s not necessary to evoke the past: you can‘t move without tripping over it.

In an age zooming forward technologically, why all the backward glances? The Oxford English Dictionary‘s first definition of nostalgia reads: ―acute longing for familiar surroundings; severe homesickness.‖With the speed of computers doubling every 18 months, and the net doubling in size in about half that, no wonder we‘re aching for familiar surroundings. Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change, anything enduring becomes precious. ―People are

looking for something authentic,‖ says McLaren. Trouble is, nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing, demographics and technology. ―Nostalgia ain‘t what it used to be,‖says Michael J. Wolf, senior partner at Booz-Allen & Hamilton in New York. ―These are the new good old days.‖Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market. The boomers, defined by American demographers as those born between 1946 and 1964, are living long and prosperous lives. In both Europe and America, they remain the holy grail for admen, and their past has become everyone‘s present. In a study on ―entertainment imprinting,‖two American marketing professors, Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook, asked people ranging in age from 16 to 86 which popular music from the past they liked best. People‘s favorite songs, they found, tended to be those that were popular when they were about 24, with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age. Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting, or at least nostalgia. The company hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel‘s ―Homeward Bound,‖just as it launched Windows 98 to the tune of ―Start Me up‖by the Rolling Stones. Boomers remember both tunes from their 20s.

If boomers are one market that values memories, exiles are another. According to the International Organization of Migration, more than 150 million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in 1965. This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious as the freedoms of an EU passport. But exiles and refugees share one thing: homes left behind. Type in ―nostalgia‖ on the search engine Google, and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian, an online site for Iran‘s exiles, most of whom fled after 1978‘s Islamic revolution. Perhaps the savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site https://www.sodocs.net/doc/dc1665486.html,, which features stories of clients‘rediscovering long-lost books on it. One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on ―Kickapoo Joy Juice,‖ ad dreaded medicine of his youth. A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris‘s recovery of his first-grade primer‖Down cherry Street.‖The Net doesn‘t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it. Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items, form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.

Cutting-edge technology, designed to be transient, has even bred its own instanostalgia. Last year a $666 Apple I went for $18,000 to a British collector at a San Francisco auction. ―Historic! Microsoft Multiplan for Macintosh‖ crows one item on eBay‘s vintage Apple section. Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like ―In the old days, Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?‖

Those who don‘t remember their history are condemned to repeat it. Or so entertainment moguls hope, as they market ?70s TV hits like ―Charlie‘s Angels‖ and ―Scooby Doo,‖ out next year, to a generation that can‘t remember them the first time round. If you‘ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a ―Sopranos‖episode, panic not. The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of 2020, says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand. ―I guarantee you, Madonna‘s music will be used to sell everything,‖ he says. ―God help me, I hope it‘s not selling

insurance.‖ It could be. When we traffic in the past, nothing‘s sacred.

7. Explain the beginning sentence ―In the old days, it was all done with cakes.‖

8. Who are the baby boomers? What does the author mean when he says that they become the ―core of the nostalgia market‖ (para. 3)?

9. What is the other big group which values memories? What do these people share?

10. What is ―nostalgia market‖? What do they sell in the nostalgia market?

SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST

(30 MINUTES)

Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年。中国的立场始终如一。加入世界贸易组织后，中国将有步骤地扩大商品和服务贸易领域的对外开放，为国内外企业创造公开、统一、平等竞争的条件，建立和健全符合国际经济通行规则、符合中国国情的对外经济贸易体制，为国外企业来华进行经贸合作提供更多、更稳定的市场准入机会。中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力，中国人民将从中受益，亚洲和世界各国人民也将从中受益。

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