翻译课件
翻译(21)
讨论内容：①《新编翻译教程》第八章第二、三节科技文体和新闻文体的翻译
②译文对照欣赏分析
本课重点：文体的翻译
其他内容：安排一段课后作业
译文对照——人物介绍
加州现代派
朱沅芷1906年2月22日出生在广东省开平县。他喜欢对别人说，他与乔治〃华盛顿的生日在同一天。朱沅芷年仅十五便离开中国，来到旧金山。当时旧金山艺术界发展迅速，使该市成为纽约以外最重要的美国现代主义艺术中心之一。这对朱沅芷的画家生涯意义重大，他在这里的见闻远远大于留在广东度过青年时代可能有的见闻。二十世纪之初，加州印象派的一个分支在旧金山海湾地区确立了自己的地位，他们创造的人物形象睿智而随意，沉浸在绚丽的光线和色彩中，画作令人赏心悦目。在美国这种地方艺术背景之上，1915年的巴拿马—太平洋国际画展上展出欧洲风格的现代主义画作则是一种启示。这次画展的参展作品中有许多1913年纽约艾默里画展上的作品，这次画展对美国当地画家产生了如触电般的效应。用评论家威拉德〃亨庭顿〃怀特的话来说，截至1919年，旧金山艺术界的显著特征是异乎寻常的转变：“萨金特演变成了马蒂斯，惠斯勒渐变为西涅克，博杰罗则摇身一变成了毕加索。”
The California Modernist
Yun Gee was born, as he liked to point out, on George Washington's birthday, February 22, 1906, in Kaiping county of Guangdong province. Of far greater importance to Ji Yun's future as a painter than anything he might have encountered during his youth in Guangdong—it is important to remember that he was only fifteen when he left China—were developments taking place in the San Francisco art world that made the city one of the most vital centers of American modernism outside New York. By the beginning of the twentieth century a school of California impressionism was well-established in the Bay Area, producing pleasant through intellectually undemanding images suffused
by brilliant light and color. Against this local artistic background, the European modernist paintings shown in the Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915 were a revelation. Encompassing many of the works included in the New York Amory Show of 1913, the Exposition had an electrifying effect on local artists. In the words of the critic Willard Huntington Wright, by 1919 the San Francisco art scene was marked by curious transformations: "Sargent evolving into Matisse, Whistler fading out in Signac, Bougereau metamorphosing into Picasso."
公文——专家推荐信
尊敬的巴特勒教授：
我很高兴向您推荐我的同事张朋先生作为访问学者进入贵研究所进修。张朋先生是我的亲密挚友，谦逊而勤勉。
张朋先生一九六七年毕业于上海华东大学地理系地貌学专业。大学毕业以来，他一直在我们研究所从事地震地质学研究工作。他对于新构造、构造地貌学、地貌学技术以及活断层和地震活动性的关系方面很有兴趣，并且已发表了一些研究论文。
我认为张先生是一位勤奋而有能力的科学工作者，他在研究新构造和活断层方面有很好的基础。现在，他打算在这一领域内进行更深入的研究。他很敬佩您的工作，所以，如果有可能的话，他希望在您的指导下工作。
您若能给张先生上述机会，我将表示衷心感谢。盼即回信。
您诚挚的
中华人民共和国
国家地震局地质研究所
地震区划研究室主任
副教授：林明
1989.2.29.
February 29, 1989
Professor S.L.Butler
The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Mass., 02139
Dear Professor Butler:
It is with great pleasure that I take this opportunity to recommend Mr Zhang Peng, my close and obliging colleague, for admission to your institution for further studies as a visiting scholar.
Mr Zhang Peng graduated from the Department of Geography of Huadong University, Shanghai in 1967, majoring in geomorphology. Since graduation he has been doing research work on seismogeology in our institute. He is very interested in neotectonics, tectonogeomorphology, geomorphological techniques and the relation between active faults and seismicity, and has published several articles on this field.
I have found Mr Zhang to be a hardworking and competent scientific worker, who has
a sound background in the study of neotectonics and active faults. He now intends to engage in further study in this field. If possible he would like to do research work under your direction, because he admires your work very much.
It will be greatly appreciated, if you would give Mr Zhang the above chance.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Very truly yours,
Lin Ming
Associate Professor,
Head of Seismic Zoning Research Department
HUSBANDS FOR SALE
A store that sells husbands has just opened in New York City, where a woman may go to choose a husband.
Among the instructions at the entrance is a description of how the store operates. You may visit the store ONLY ONCE!
There are six floors and the attributes of the men increase as the shopper ascends the flights. There is, however, a catch...
You may choose any man from a particular floor, or you may choose to go up a floor, but you cannot go back down except to exit the building!
So, a woman goes to the Husband Store to find a husband.
On the first floor the sign on the door reads:
Floor 1 - These men have jobs.
The second floor sign reads:
Floor 2 - These men have jobs, and love kids.
The third floor sign reads:
Floor 3 - These men have jobs, love kids, and are extremely good looking.
"Wow," she thinks, but feels compelled to keep going.
She goes to the fourth floor and sign reads:
Floor 4 - These men have jobs, love kids, are drop-dead good looking and help with the housework.
"Oh, mercy me!" she exclaims, "I can hardly stand it!" Still, she goes to the fifth floor and sign reads:
Floor 5 - These men have jobs, love kids, are drop-dead gorgeous, help with the housework, and have a strong romantic streak.
She is so tempted to stay, but she goes to the sixth floor and the sign reads:
Floor 6 - You are visitor 4,363,012 to this floor. There are no men on this floor. This floor exists solely as proof that women are impossible to please. Thank you for shopping at the Husband Store. Watch your step as you exit the building, and have a nice day!
出售丈夫
纽约市新开了家商店，出售的商品是丈夫。女人可以进店挑选。
商店入口处有许多说明，其中一条是店规：一生只能进店一次。
这家商店有六层，顾客越往上走，对商品男人的描述就越长。不过，有个条件……
女顾客可以从任何楼层挑选任何男人，也可以继续上楼另选，不过除非离开商店，否则不能返回下面楼层。
于是，有个女顾客进了丈夫商店，来挑选丈夫。
第一层有个标示牌，上面写着：
一层——这些男人有工作。
第二层的标示牌上写着：
二层——这些男人有工作，喜爱孩子。
第三层的标示牌上写着：
三层——这些男人有工作，喜爱孩子，长相特别英俊。
“哎呀，”这位女子心里不禁赞叹，可她不由自主要继续往上走。
她走到第四层，只见标示牌上写着：
四层——这些男人有工作，喜爱孩子，长相帅呆了，还帮着干家务。
“我的天哪！”她嚷起来，“我非得在这儿挑一个不可！”可她还是上了五楼，楼上的标示牌上写着：
五层——这些男人有工作，喜爱孩子，长相酷毙了，帮着干家务，而且有强烈的浪漫情调。
她简直按捺不住自己的欲望，可她还是继续向上走去，来到了第六层楼，那里的标示牌上写着：
六层——你是本层楼的第4,363,012位访客。本楼层没有商品男人。设置本楼层是为了证明，要想让女人满意是不可能的。感谢您光顾丈夫商店。请慢走。祝您心情愉快！
翻译课件
Chapter Two Comparison Between English & Chinese Lexical Differences: 1 Word Meaning 1) absolutely equivalent meaning Usu. Proper names; technical terms; names of objects 2) partly equivalent meaning 3) no equivalent meaning Usu. Newly-appeared words; or those only existing in one culture 4) poly-meaning words A) Usually children have no school on Saturdays. B) This professor doesn’t belong to any school. C) Both of his sons graduated from the law school. D) At the beginning of every term we have a school meeting. E) She attended a dancing school when she was five. 2 Collocation To cut wheat 割麦子 To cut cake 切蛋糕 To cut finger-nails 剪（或修）指甲 To cut branches from a tree 砍掉树上的枝丫 To cut a stone into an image of Buddha 把石头雕刻成佛像 To cut a hole in a wall 在墙上挖一个洞 吃药to take medicine 吃后悔药to regret 吃香to be very popular
英语翻译课件
1、Brief History 中国翻译的四大高潮 ?1、汉唐时期的佛经翻译 ?2、明清时期的西方近代科学的翻译 ?3、五·四时期的西方人文科学的翻译 ?4、建国以后，尤其是改革开放以来，对西方的全面译介 2、The standard of translation ?Faithfulness（信）Expressiveness （达）Elegance （雅） Faithfulness（信） ?the meaning in the target language should be faithful to the meaning of the original Expressiveness （达） ?the requirement of intelligibility(可理解性) of the target language text, the translated text should be in accordance with the language rules of the target language Elegance （雅） ?requires a translation to be esthetically pleasing From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing. ?从那里，我可以看见下面的整个山谷，那田野、河流和村庄。这一切非常美丽，见到后使我心里充满了渴望。 ?从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。 ?忠实通顺 直译vs.意译 ?统一、结合举例： ?1.It’ s a Smoke Free Area. ?直译:它是个自由吸烟区。（×） ?意译:它是个无烟区。 ?2 .Shakespeare put his hometown on the map. ?直译:莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。（×） ?意译:莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。 ?3. He is a rough-and-ready character. ?直译:他是个粗兽并有准备的人。（×） ?意译:他是个粗鲁但尚能顶用的人。 ?4 .Frank ran circles around the other boys on the basketball team. ?直译:弗兰克绕着篮球队的其他男孩儿转圈。（×） ?意译:在篮球队里弗兰克的技术最好。 ?5 .On a rainy day the children sometimes ran their mother ragged. ?直译:在雨天，孩子们有时候把他们的母亲跑得衣衫槛楼。（×） 意译:在雨天，孩子们有时候把他们的母亲闹得筋疲力尽。 ? 6 .The teacher sat on his student as soon as he began showing off. 直译:学生一开始炫耀，老师就坐在了他的身上。 意译:学生一开始炫耀就被老师打断了。 ?7. My father was a loyal member of his party and always voted the straight ticket. ?直译:我爸爸忠于他的党派，而且总是直接投票。（×） ?意译:我爸爸忠于他的党派，而且总是把票投给他那个党派的候选人。 3、Scope of translation ?In terms of language ?Native languages into foreign languages ?Foreign languages into native languages
翻译课件
Section Four Conversion of Word Class One——>into verb (1) from noun into verb: 1. Under severe attack, the enemy’s retreat was complete at the close of the day.在严重的攻击下,敌人的撤退在一天内结束 2. After the Civil War, the US government called for the establishment of more professional and technical schools.美国南北战争后,美国政府呼吁建立更多的专业技术学校 3. Each Contracting State undertakes to adopt, in accordance with its Constitution, such measures as are necessary to ensure the application of this Convention.每个缔约国依照宪法等承诺采取措施是必要的,以确保本公约的应用。 4. Though he is an amateur业余actor, he is a better player than you. 5. No matter the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generation back 40 years ago. Classroom practice： 1. The improbable pregnancy was big news for the w oman’s family. 2. The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 3. In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of the world’s most serious social problems. 4. We wouldn’t have any idea when the boy was born. 5. All the people at presence should take warning from this incident. 6. You are old enough to take care of yourself. 7. The vitality of science and technology must be based on education.8. His father is no drinker, nor smoker. 9. Wherever you go, there are signs of human presence. 10. There were also those who agreed with everything about the White Paper except its publication. (2) from conj. into verb 1. What are you after后来? 2. They decided to move away for a new settlement定居. 3. Without any comment评论, he threw my proposal into the drawer抽屉. 4. She cried out at听到the news. Classroom practice： 1. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来了!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊 2. Are you for or against the idea to have translation course? 3. He went to the shop for a bottle of wine. 4. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.他们走在大街上,经过商店,穿过一个宽阔的广场,然后进入了一个巨大的建筑 5. Don’t bother; the meal will be on me这顿饭给我. 6. Every day his dad drives him to and from school. 7. That government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯from the earth. 8. Let’s get in and have a talk over a cup of tea.9. The President, together with his wife, will visit the Middle E ast.
科技英语翻译课件
E n g l i s h T r a n s l a t i o n f o r S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y I n t r o d u c t i o n t o T r a n s l a t i o n C r i t e r i a o f T r a n s l a t i o n ?玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 ?严复（1853-1921）：T r i p l e P r i n c i p l e o f T r a n s l a t i o n ?信（f a i t h f u l n e s s）：忠实准确 ?达（e x p r e s s i v e n e s s）：通顺流畅 ?雅（e l e g a n c e）：文字古雅 ?鲁迅 ?信（F a i t h f u l n e s s） ?顺（S m o o t h n e s s） ?林语堂 ?忠实（f a i t h f u l n e s s） ?通顺（s m o o t h n e s s） ?美（b e a u t i f u l n e s s） ?傅雷 ?神似（R e s e m b l a n c e i n s p i r i t）： ?以效果而论，文学翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。 ?钱钟书 ?化境（r e a c h i n g t h e a c m e o f p e r f e c t i o n）： ?文学翻译的最高境界是“化”，把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味。 ?刘重德 ?信、达、切(f a i t h f u l n e s s,e x p r e s s i v e n e s s a n d c l o s e n e s s): ?信于内容(t o b e f a i t h f u l t o t h e c o n t e n t o f t h e o r i g i n a l); ?达如其分(t o b e a s e x p r e s s i v e a s t h e o r i g i n a l); ?切合风格(t o b e a s c l o s e t o t h e o r i g i n a l s t y l e a s p o s s i b l e). 英语科技文献的翻译标准 ?科技翻译可以理解为一种科学的“语码转换”，科学性是第一位，科技译文的正确性是最重要的。
翻译课件
第四讲词义的选择、引申与褒贬 英汉翻译 词义的选择、引申与褒贬 攫 Focus: ?基于对源语文本的精确理解在目 的语中选择恰当的词语和表达法 last ?词义的引申 ?词义的感情色彩 Colors fades, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure. 色彩会退去，宙宇会倒塌，帝国会衰亡，惟有充满智慧的言语会永恒。 —爱德华〃索代克
Have a break （一）、（二）figure 如何在翻译中选择精当的词语？ ? 注意一词多义现象，不能误用。 ? 正确看待翻译时所使用的词典。不能把词典当成选择词义的万能钥匙。如果生硬地将词典的释义搬到译文中去，常易犯一些非常荒谬的错误。翻译中，译者寻求的不只是词义的静态对应，而是词义交叉中的动态对应关系。 ? 注意词义的灵活性（flexible），翻译中充分发挥自身的创造性。die Light （一）、根据词性来确定词义
许多英语词汇往往有不同的词性(词类)，即分属于几种不同的词类。翻译时首先要确定这个词在句子中属于哪一类词，然后再根据词类选择一个确切的词义。 例如：like作形容词时意思是?相同的?；作动词时意思是?喜欢、希望?；作介词时意思是?像……一样?；作名词时意思是?喜好、英雄?，如：Like knows like．（英雄识英雄）。 Last 下面再以right为例加以说明：
?Right，open your mouth，let me have a look． 好，把嘴张开，让我来瞧瞧。（感叹词） ? He hoped to be absolutely right about this issue． 他希望在这个问题上绝对正确无误。（形容词） ? I must answer that phone，but I’ll be back right away． 我得去接电话，马上就回来。（副词） ? The ship righted itself after the big wave had passed． 大浪过后，船又平稳了。（动词） ? In England，we drive on the left side of the road，not the right side．
英汉翻译课件
英汉翻译课件 第一讲汉译英概说及词的翻译I 一.汉译英概说 1. 翻译过程: 理解准备–表达–校对 2. 汉译英标准: 忠于原文; 译文通顺; 保持风格 3. 英译汉水平的培养 1)提高英语表达能力 2)进行有针对性的翻译实践 3)精读各类英语读物,提高总体英语水平 4. 汉译英的必要条件 1)要有较高的汉语水平 2)要有较高的英语水平 3)要有一定的专业知识和丰富的文化知识 例1草签文本; 草签合同 例2: 正式协议; 正式声明 4)要有一定的英语为母语国家的背景知识 例1: 请到休息室去喝杯咖啡. 错误: 正确: 例2: 红眼 错误: 正确: 例3: 日本以温泉驰名. 错误: 正确: 例4: 我通常睡得很晚. 错误: 正确: 例5: 我们是1997级的学生. 错误: 正确: 二.词的翻译 Words have no meanings; people have meanings for words. 1.根据上下文选词, 避免机械对应 例1 可能 例2 英语水平 生活水平 游泳水平 他的游泳水平还挺高. 他的英语水平比我的高. 各级领导干部必须提高领导水平.
例3 关心人民生活 共同关心的问题 我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展. 领导人对两国关系非常关心. 例4 当前在农业生产中要狠抓施肥. 例5 这家厂只有几年的历史, 可是产品已经进入国际市场. 例6 还要努力读一点历史和小说. 例7 他在一所高校学习. 例8 这里住房紧张. 例9 形成了体育文化热. 例10 市教育局为我校选派了校长. 例11 我被挑选为中国艺术教育考察小组成员. 例12 这不会影响中国的金融保险事业的对外开放政策. 例13 他有很强的事业心. 例14 这种举措是很得人心的. 例15 美国内部对中国政策究竟怎么样, 我们还要观察. 例16 现在有许多人在提倡民族化, 科学化, 大众化. 例17 外向型经济 例18 昨天看电影我没有买到好票. 例19 我校目前尚未设博士点. 例20 这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才. 例21 我们相信用不了多久我们的家用电器产品就会走向世界. 例22 他们省吃俭用, 为的是攒钱买房子. 2.词语的搭配 例1 浓茶 浓云 浓雾 浓缩 浓郁 例2 编辑部 指挥部 外交部 南部 例3 开门 开车 开飞机 开会 开工 开绿灯 开玩笑 开灯 开夜车 开关
翻译课件
Translation Discussion 28?Translation of Article Titles ?Introduction of International Translation Studies ?Translation Appreciation
英文标题的翻译 无论是小说、诗歌、文章，还是戏曲、电影、歌曲，标题都是其中的一个重要组成部分。标题常常用语简洁明快，有时还加以适当的对比、仿拟等修辞手法对作品进行高度的概括和归纳，往往富含许多深刻的意义和奇妙的效果。标题也在很大的程度上影响着读者、观众、消费者是否选择某作品。
标题是映入读者眼帘的第一条信息，其形式多种多样，英语标题有名词短语式，有动词词组式，还有句子式。翻译成汉语以直译为主，基本保留原标题的语言与文化形式和内涵，使译文最大程度地忠实于原文标题，给译入语读者以原汁原味的欣赏，同时也方便查找关联。假如直译的阅读效果或吸引消费者的效果与原标题相差甚远，则采用增补改译、巧用修辞等手法，使阅读效果向原文的效果回归。
标题直译 1.短语式，即标题使用名词短语、动词短语、介词短语等： Business Partners生意伙伴 John Steinbeck：Men and The Land斯坦贝克：人与土地 Feather in the Wind风中的羽毛 BuildingBridges架起心灵之桥 At the Top of the World位于世界之巅
2.句子式 Don’t Cry for Me，Argentina 阿根廷，别为我哭泣 Who Brings the Beauty to You 她把美丽带给人间 Why is Smoking Hazardous 吸烟为何有害 Farming Gives Most Warming Effect 农业是温室气体最大排放源 Space Shuttle Lands on Thursday 航天飞机星期四着陆
翻译课课件
Translation Course 1 brief self-introduction 2 about this course 3 requirements for this course 4 about the exam Chapter One Translation theories Section One Definition(s) and Classification of Translation 1 definition(s) 2 functions 3 classifications 4 two most influential trans theories: (1)Nida: functional\dynamic equivalence 1)expressive; 2)informative; 3)cognitive; 4)interpersonal; 5)imperative; 6)emotive; 7)performative; 8)aesthetic; 9)metalingual (2)Newmark: semantic trans(author-centered) & communicative trans(reader-centered)
Section Two Trans Standards & Principles In the West: 1 three principles proposed by Tytler: a) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; b) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; c) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 2 equivalent value\effect In China: 1 道安：严格的直译；(literal translation) 2 玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗；(free translation) 3 严复：信、达、雅；(faithfulness; expressiveness; elegance) 4 鲁迅：忠实、通顺； 5 傅雷：神似；(spiritual conformity) 6 钱钟书：化境。(sublimation)
翻译课件
翻译(21) 讨论内容：①《新编翻译教程》第八章第二、三节科技文体和新闻文体的翻译 ②译文对照欣赏分析 本课重点：文体的翻译 其他内容：安排一段课后作业 译文对照——人物介绍 加州现代派 朱沅芷1906年2月22日出生在广东省开平县。他喜欢对别人说，他与乔治〃华盛顿的生日在同一天。朱沅芷年仅十五便离开中国，来到旧金山。当时旧金山艺术界发展迅速，使该市成为纽约以外最重要的美国现代主义艺术中心之一。这对朱沅芷的画家生涯意义重大，他在这里的见闻远远大于留在广东度过青年时代可能有的见闻。二十世纪之初，加州印象派的一个分支在旧金山海湾地区确立了自己的地位，他们创造的人物形象睿智而随意，沉浸在绚丽的光线和色彩中，画作令人赏心悦目。在美国这种地方艺术背景之上，1915年的巴拿马—太平洋国际画展上展出欧洲风格的现代主义画作则是一种启示。这次画展的参展作品中有许多1913年纽约艾默里画展上的作品，这次画展对美国当地画家产生了如触电般的效应。用评论家威拉德〃亨庭顿〃怀特的话来说，截至1919年，旧金山艺术界的显著特征是异乎寻常的转变：“萨金特演变成了马蒂斯，惠斯勒渐变为西涅克，博杰罗则摇身一变成了毕加索。” The California Modernist Yun Gee was born, as he liked to point out, on George Washington's birthday, February 22, 1906, in Kaiping county of Guangdong province. Of far greater importance to Ji Yun's future as a painter than anything he might have encountered during his youth in Guangdong—it is important to remember that he was only fifteen when he left China—were developments taking place in the San Francisco art world that made the city one of the most vital centers of American modernism outside New York. By the beginning of the twentieth century a school of California impressionism was well-established in the Bay Area, producing pleasant through intellectually undemanding images suffused
翻译课件
1.If we do a thing, we should do it well. 我们要干就干好。 2.When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在谈判时总是有些紧张，紧张时我就吃点东西。 3 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。 4 Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor. 美国人有很多风俗习惯在陌生人来看是颇为费解的。 .5 The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.这个年轻人很惨，已落到身无分文的地步，因为他所有的积蓄都被偷走。 6 他为人单纯而坦率。He was very clean. His mind was open. 7.This is the cheapest market in this country. 这个市场在这个国家商品价格最低。 8. There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。 9 .He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。 10. Many years ago, when I was vicar of a small parish in the north of England, I remembered hearing a sad story of a businessman. 许多年以前，我在英格兰北部的一个小教区当牧师。那时我听人讲起过一个商人的悲惨经历。 11. She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的的房子，结果并未成功。 12.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。 13. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。 14.His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first shade. 早已疲惫不堪，加上天气愈来愈热,因此他决定有荫凉,就坐下来休息。 15.烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈深,一切都陷入混乱之中。 The dust, the uproar, and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 16.他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。 He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 17. Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books.