电池英语及翻译术语专业英语词汇_英语词汇
Alkaline batteries ：碱性电池
Capacitor batteries：电容电池
Carbon zinc batteries ：碳锌电池
Lead acid batteries：铅酸电池
Lead calcium batteries：铅钙电池
Lithium batteries ：锂电池
Lithium ion batteries ：锂离子电池
Lithium polymer batteries：锂聚合物电池
Nickel cadmium batteries ：镍镉电池Nickel iron batteries ：镍铁电池Nickel metal hydride batteries ：金属氧化物镍氢电池/镍氢电池
Nickel zinc batteries：镍锌电池
Primary batteries ：原电池
Rechargeable batteries ：充电电池Sealed lead acid batteries：密封铅酸电池Silver cadmium batteries ：银钙电池
Silver oxide batteries ：银氧化物电池
Silver zinc batteries：银锌电池
Zinc chloride batteries：银氯化物电池
Zinc air batteries：锌空电池
Environmental Protection batteries:环保电池
Lithium batteries ：锂电池
Lithium ion batteries ：锂离子电池
Lithium polymer batteries：锂聚合物电池
铅酸蓄电池 Lead-acid battery
起动铅酸电池 Lead-acid starter batteries
摩托车用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for motorcycles
内燃机车用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for disel locomotive
电动道路车辆用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles
小型阀控密封式铅酸电池 small-sized valve-regulated lead-acid batteries
航空用铅酸电池 Aircraft lead-acid batteries固定型阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池 Lead-acid batteries for stationary valve-regulated
铅酸电池用极板 plate for lead-acid battery
铅锭 lead ingots
牵引用铅酸电池 Lead-acid traction batteies
电解液激活蓄电池 electrolyte activated battery更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
valve 排气阀
filling device for pleral cells 电池组填充装置
negative electrode 负电极
negative plate 负极板addition reagent for negative plate 负极板添加剂
indicator 指示器
top cover 上盖
vent plug 液孔塞
expanded grid 扩展式板栅
specific gravity indicator 比重指示器
electrolyte level control pipe 电解液液面控制管
electrolyte level indicator 电解液液面指示器
electrolyte level sensor 电解液液面传感器
hard rubber container 硬橡胶槽envelope separator 包状隔板
woven cloth tube 纺布管
spongy lead 海绵状铅
partition 隔壁
over the partition type 越过隔壁型through the partition type 贯通隔壁贯通型separator 隔板
(1)battery rack(2)battery stand(3)battery stillage 蓄电池架/蓄电池底垫active material 活性物质
glass fiber separator 玻璃纤维隔板
glass mat 玻璃纤维绵
glass mat tube 玻璃纤维绵管
spacing washer 间隔垫圈
reinforced fiber separator 强化纤维隔板
polarity mark plate 极性标记板pole 极柱
pole insulator 极柱绝缘子
pole nut 极柱螺母
plate 极板
plate foot 极板足plate supporter 极板支撑件element 极板群/极群组
pole bolt 极柱螺栓
plate lug 极板耳
dilute sulfuric acid 稀硫酸steel can 金属罐
steel container 金属蓄电池槽
(1)madribs(2)element rest 鞍子/极群组座
tubular plate 管状极板
gelled electrolyte 胶体电解液更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
板栅
caution label 警告标签
synthetic resin separator 合成树脂隔板
plastics container 塑料蓄电池槽
synthetic fiber separator 合成纤维隔板
connector sunken type 沉没型连接器
connetor exposed type 露出型连接器
safety valve test 安全阀测试
ampere-hour efficency 安时效率one charge distance range 一次充电行程gas recombination on negative electrode type
cut-off discharge 终止放电/截止放电
阴极气体再化合型/阴极气体复合型
(1）specific characteristic (2)energy density (1)比特性（2）能量密度recovering charge 恢复充电
(1)open circuit voltage(2)off-load voltage 开路电压/空载电压
overcharge 过充电
gassing 析气
overcharge life test 过充电寿命试验
accelerated life test 加速寿命试验active material utilization 活性物质利用率theoretical capacity of active material 活性物质的理论容量
over discharge 过放电
intermittent discharge 间歇放电
full charge 完全充电full discharge 完全放电
reverse charge 反充电/反向充电
quick charge 快速放电
allowable minimum voltage 允许最小电压
equalizing charge 均衡充电
creeping 蠕变
group voltage 组电压
shallow cycle endurance 轻负荷寿命/轻负荷循环寿命
characteristic of electrolyte decrease 电解液减少特性
nominal voltage 标称电压high rate discharge 高率放电
high rate discharge characteristic 高率放电特性
5 second voltage at discharge 放电 5 秒电压
（1）cold cranking ampere（2）cold cranking performance
（1）冷启动电流（2）冷启动性能
cycle life test 循环寿命测试
maximum voltage at discharge 最大放电电压
30 second voltage at discharge 放电 30 秒电压
residual capacity 残存容量
(1)hour rate(2) discharge rate （1）小时率（2）放电率更多电池资讯：
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self discharge (2) local action （1）自放电（2）局部自放电
(1) self discharge rate(2) local action rate （1）自放电率（2）局部自放电率actual capacity 实际容量
(1)starting capability(2)cranking ability 启动能力cranking current 启动电流battery clamp test 电池夹钳测试
power density 功率密度
momentary discharge 瞬间放电
modified constant voltage charge 修正恒定电压充电
initial capacity 初始容量
gas recombination by catalyser type 触媒气体复合式
initialcharge 初始充电
viberation test 振动试验
predetermined voltage 预定电压total voltage 总电压
activation test for dry charged battery 干式荷电蓄电池活化试验salting 盐析earthquake-proof characteristics 防震性能
dielectric voltage withstand test 电介质耐压试验short time discharge 短时间放电
escaped acid mist test 酸雾逸出测试
terminal voltage 端子电压
cell voltage 单电池电压
step charge
阶段充电
short-circuit current 短路电流
storage test 保存测试
high rate discharge at low temperature 低温高率放电
rated voltage 额定电压
rated capacity 额定容量
fixed resistance discharge 定阻抗放电
constant voltage charge 恒压充电
constant voltage life test 恒压寿命测试
constant current charge 恒流充电constant voltage constant current charge 恒流恒压充电
constant current discharge 恒流放电
constant watt discharge 恒功率放电
low rate discharge characteristics 低率放电特征
trickle charge 涓流充电trickle charge current 涓流充电电流
trickle charge life test 涓流充电寿命测试
thermal runaway 热失控
driving pattern test 运行测试
capacity in driving pattern test 运行测试更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
charge
急充电
floating charge
浮充电
floating charge voltage 浮充电电压
floating charge current 浮充电电流
(1)mean voltage (2)average voltage 平均电压
on-load voltage 负载电压
discharge duration time 放电持续时间
(1)final voltage(2)cut-off voltage(3)end voltagedepth of discharge 放电深度discharge voltage 放电电压
discharge current 放电电流
discharge current density 放电电流密度
discharge watt-hour 放电瓦时
discharge characteristics 放电特性
discharged ampere-hour 放电安时
explosion proof test 防爆测试
auxiliary charge 补充电
maintenance factor 维护率
storage characteristics 保存特性
终止电压/截止电压
gas recombinating efficiency
charge 充电
气体复合效率/气体再化合效率
charge acceptance test 充电可接受性试验
start-of-charge current 充电开始电流
charge efficiency 充电效率end-of-charge voltage 充电结束电压specific gravity of electrolyte at the end of charge
充电结束时电解液比重
charge voltage 充电电压
charge current 充电电流
charged watt-hour 充电瓦时
charge characteristic 充电特性
charge ampere-hour 充电安时
deep cycle endurance 重负荷循环寿命/重复合寿命
weight engergy density 重量能量密度rubber pad 橡胶垫
lower level line 下液面线
side terminal 侧端子
collective exhaust unit 公共的排放单元
sintered plaque 烧结极板
sintered separator 烧结隔板sintered plate 烧结极板
catalyst plug 催化塞
spine 芯骨
strap 带更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
隔离物
insulating tube
绝缘管
intercell connector
连接线/连接条
connector cover
连接管盖
float mounted plug 浮动安装的栓
(1)pasted plate (2)grid type plate 涂膏式极板
braidd tube 编织管
(1)flame-arrester vent plug (2)flam-retardant vent plug 安全塞explosion and splash proof construction 防爆防溅结构baffle 保护板pocket type plate 袋式极板
bottom hole-down 底孔向下（固定）
bolt fastening terminal 螺栓连接端子
male blade 阳片monoblock container 整体槽
positive electrode 正极
positive plate 正极板
leading wire terminal 引线端子
retainer mat 止动垫片
ribbed separator 肋隔板
(1)jumping wire (2)inter low wire 跳线
end plate 端板
filling plug 注液塞
plante plate 形成式极板/普朗特极板tubular plate 管式极板low electric resistance separator 低电阻隔板
tapered terminal post 锥形接线柱
electrolyte 电解液
container 蓄电池槽/蓄电池壳
set of container 成套蓄电池槽
level-scope mounted plug 透视塞/透视栓
handle 手柄jug 取液管
(1)connector;(2)plug concent (1)连接器；(2)插座式连接器connector wire 连接线
connecting bar 连杆
connecting bar cover 连杆帽
lead 引线/连接线
edge insulator 绝缘卡
side frame 侧框架
battery cubicle 蓄电池箱
perforated separator 多孔隔板
burning rod (铅)焊条
terminal 端子更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
connector 端子连接条
terminal cover 端子盖
terminal base 端子座
tab 接线片
lead bushing 铅套
corrugated separator 波形隔板
(1)lead dioxide;(2)lead peroxide (1)二氧化铅；(2)过氧化铅
(1)woven separator;(2)nonwoven separator (1)织物隔板；(2)非织物隔板vent hole 通气孔
exhaust tube 排气管
antipolar mass 反极性物质
output cable 输出电缆
microporous rubber separator 微孔像胶隔板
specific gravity indicator 比重计
leaf separator 叶片式隔板
lid sealing compound 密封剂/封口剂
sealing gasket 密封衬垫/垫圈
lid 蓄电池盖
set of lid 系列的盖
方通
盖板
cover board
底板
solepiece
钢珠steel ball
压钢珠
press steel ball
防爆阀
valve preventing explosion
大电流(倍率)放电
discharge in high rate current 标称电压
Normal voltage
标称容量
normal capacity
放电容量
discharge capacity
充电上限电压
limited voltage in charge 放电下限电压更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
voltage in discharge
恒流充电
constant current charge
恒压充电
constant voltage charge
恒流放电
constant current discharge 放电曲线
discharge curve
充电曲线
charge curve
放电平台
discharge voltage plateau 容量衰减
capacity attenuation
起始容量
initial discharge capacity 流水线
pipelining
传送带
carrying tape
焊极耳
welding the current collector
卷绕wind
叠片
layer
贴胶带
stick tape
点焊
spot welding
超声焊
ultrasonic welding
The terminating voltage in discharge of the battery is volt. The limited voltage in charge of the battery is volt.
三元素
Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxide
three elements materials
钴酸锂
Cobalt Lithium Oxide
锰酸锂
Manganese Lithium Oxide
石墨
graphite更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
烘箱
oven
真空烘箱
vacuum oven
搅拌机
mixing device
vacuum mixing device
涂布机
coating equipment
裁纸刀
paper knife ,,,,,,cutting knife
分条机
equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces 辊压机
roll press equipment
电阻点焊机
spot welding machine
超声点焊机
ultrasonic spot welding machine 卷绕机winder
自动叠片机
auto laminating machine
激光焊机
laser welding machine
注液机
infusing machine
真空注液机
vacuum infusion machine
预充柜
pre-charge equipment
化成柜
formation systems
分容柜
grading systems
测试柜
testing systems
内阻仪
battery inner resistance tester 万用表
multimeter
转盘式真空封口机
turntable type vacuum sealing machine更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
自动冲膜机
automatic aluminum membrane shaper
序号
首字母
英文
中文
1 A aging 老化
2 B battery charger
3 black-fleck 黑斑
4 C cap 盖板
充电器5 capacity density 能量密度
6 capacity grading 分容
7 cathode tab welding 极耳超焊
8 cell 电芯9 charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持
10 checking code 检码
11 concave spot 凹点
12 constant current charge 恒流充电
13 constant current discharge 恒流放电
14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电
15 corrective measures 纠正措施
16 crack 裂纹
17 cut-off voltage 终止电压
18 cycle life 循环寿命19 D dark trace 暗痕
20 degrade 降级
21 dent 凹痕
22 discharge depth 放电深度
23 distortion 变形24 drape 打折
25 E Electrical and MechanicalServices Department 机电部
26 electrolyte 电解，电解液
27 empaistic 压纹
28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压
29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好
30 equipment first inspection 设备首检
31 erode 腐蚀
32 explosion-proof line 防爆线
33 F first inspection 首检34 formation 化成
35 fracture 断裂
36 I inspection 检验
37 insulate 绝缘
38 internal resistance 内阻更多电池资讯：
电池产品认证指导网站：
J jellyroll 卷芯
40 joint 接缝，结合点
41 L laser deflecting 偏光
42 laser reticle 激光刻线43 laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接-平焊laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接-立焊44 leakage 漏液
45 leak-checking 测漏
46 leaving out of welding 漏焊47 limited charge voltage 充电限制电压
48 local action 自放电
49 M margin turnly 翘边
50 measuring the dimension of cells 电芯卡尺寸
51 meet requirement 达到要求
52 memory effects 记忆效应
53 N nick 划痕
54 nominal voltage 标称电压
55 notice-board confirmation 看板确认
56 nugget 硬块57 O obverse 正面
58 open circuit voltage 开路电压
59 over charge 过充
60 over discharge 过放
常用金融英语词汇的翻译知识讲解
常用金融英语词汇的 翻译
常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购
会计专业词汇英语翻译
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英语词汇学课本与译文
Introduction 绪论 0.1 The nature and Domain of English lexicology 英语词汇学的定义及研究范围 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 词汇学是语言学的一个分支，研究词汇的起源和意义。 English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 英语词汇学研究英语词汇的形态结构、词的对应及其语义结构、词义关系、词的历史演变、词的构成及词的用法等。 English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. 英语词汇学是一门理论性课程。 It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. 该课程主要论述词汇学的基本理论，特别是英语词汇的理论知识。 However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study a great many usage examples. 但是，英语词汇学也是一门实践性课程，在该书的论述中，我们将遇到大量的词汇和习语，学习大量词汇用法实例。 Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved. 当然，同时还要接触到大量的词汇练习。 0.2 Its Relation to Other Disciplines 英语词汇学与其它学科的关系 English lexicology itself is a subbranch of linguistics. 英语词汇学是语言学的一个分支。 But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. 但它却与其他学科相关，如形态学、语义学、词源学、文体学和词典学等。 Each of them has been established as a discipline in its own right. 而这些学科都各成一门学科。 Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct. 形态学是语法学的一个分支，主要通过运用词素（形位）结构研究词的结构或形式。 This is one of the major concerns of lexicology, for we shall discuss the inflections of words and word-formation and examine how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences. 这是词汇学研究的主要内容之一，因为研究词汇就必需讨论的屈折变化和构词法，考察词素如何构成词、词如何构成句子。 Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. 词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。 Modern English is derived from the languages of early Germanic tribes with a fairly small vocabulary. 现代英语源于词汇量颇小的古日尔曼语。 We shall study how this small vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes that have taken place in the forms and meanings of words. 我们将研究这门词汇量很小的语言是如何发展成为词汇量庞大的现代英语，并解释英语词汇的形式和意义是如何变化的。 Stylistics is the study of style. 文体学研究文体。 It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. 主要对语用者在特定语境中如何选择语言要素（即如何选择用词、句型等）以达到特定的表达效果进行观察研究。 Among the areas of study: lexis, phonology, syntax, graphology, we shall concentrate on lexis, exploring the stylistic values of words. 在文体学所研究的词汇、音系学、句法学和书写法范围中，我们主要研究词汇，探讨词汇的文体价值。Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a pragmatic difference. 词典学和词汇学探讨同样的问题：词汇的形式、意义、词汇的起源及用法，但两者在语用上还有差异。 A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use. 词典学家的任务是实录词汇的用法并把词汇用法的真实情形呈现给读者，为其提供权威性的参考；而词汇学家则是研究词汇的知识和信息，以增强读者对词汇的了解和语言的使用能力。 Though English lexicology has a wide coverage of academic areas, our task is definite and consistent. 英语词汇学的研究范围很大，但我们的任务是明确而系统的。 That is to study English words in different aspects and from different angles. 即从不同角度研究英语词汇的各个方面。0.3 Method of Study 英语词汇学的研究方法 There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and diachronic. 一般来说，词汇研究有两种
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译 序号英文术语中文术语 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交*频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值
23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载 33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接
财务管理专业英语 句子及单词翻译
Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. 财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。 Decisions involving a firm’s short-term assets and liabilities refer to working capital management. 决断涉及一个公司的短期的资产和负债提到营运资金管理 The firm’s long-term financing decisions concern the right-hand side of the balance sheet. 该公司的长期融资决断股份资产负债表的右边。 This is an important decision as the legal structure affects the financial risk faced by the owners of the company. 这是一个重要的决定作为法律结构影响金融风险面对附近的的业主的公司。 The board includes some members of top management(executive directors), but should also include individuals from outside the company(non-executive directors). 董事会包括有些隶属于高层管理人员(执行董事)，但将也包括个体从外公司(非执行董事)。 Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses only on stockholders whereas maximization of firm value encompasses all financial claimholders including common stockholders, debt holders, and preferred stockholders. 股东财富最大化只集中于股东，而企业价值最大化包含所有的财务债券持有者，包括普通股股东，债权人和优先股股东。 Given these assumptions，shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run。 根据这些假设，从长期来看，股东财富最大化与利益相关者和社会的最好利润是相一致的。 No competing measure that can provide as comprehensive a measure of a firm’s standi ng. Given these assumptions, shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run. 没有竞争措施，能提供由于全面的一个措施的一个公司的站。给这些臆说，股东'财富最大化一贯不比任何人差项目干系人项目利益相关者的利益，社会从长远说来。 In reality, managers may ignore the interests of shareholders, and choose instead to make investment and financing decisions that benefit themselves. 在现实中，经理可能忽视股东的利益，而是选择利于自身的投资和融资决策。 Financial statements are probably the important source of information from which these various stakeholders(other than management) can assess a firm’s financial health. 财务报表可能是最重要的信息来源，除管理者以外的各种利益相关者可以利用这些报表来评估一个公司的财务状况。 The stockholders’ equity section lists preferred stock, common stock and capital surplus and accumulated retained earnings. 股东权益列示有优先股，普通股，资本盈余和累积留存收益。 The assets, which are the “things” the company owns, are listed in the order of decreasing liquidity, or length of time it typically takes to convert them to cash at fair market values, beginning with the firm’s current assets. 资产，也就是公司拥有的东西，是按照流动性递减的顺序或将它们转换为公允市场价值所需要的时间来排列的，通常从流动资产开始。The market value of a firm’s equity is equal to the number of shares of common stock outstanding times the price per share, while the amoun t reported on the firm’s balance sheet is basically the cumulative amount the firm raised when issuing common stock and any reinvested net income(retained earnings). 公司权益的市场价值等于其发行在外的普通股份数乘以每股价格，而资产负债表上的总额则主要是公司在发行普通股以及分配任何再投资净收益（留存收益）时累积的数额。 When compared to accelerated methods, straight-line depreciation has lower depreciation expense in the early years of asset life, which tends to a higher tax expense but higher net income. 与加速折旧法相比,直线折旧法在资产使用年限的早期折旧费用较低，这也会趋向于较高的税金费用和较高的净收入。 The statement of cash flows consists of three sections:(1)operating cash flows,(2)investing cash flows, and(3)financing cash flows. Activities in each area that bring in cash represent sources of cash while activities that involve spending cash are uses of cash. 该声明现金流量表包含三个部分:(1)经营现金流,(2)投资的现金流,(3)融资现金流。在每个地区活动带来现金来源的现金而代表活动涉及到花钱是使用现金 Financing activities include new debt issuances, debt repayments or retirements, stock sales and repurchases, and cash dividend payments. 筹资活动,包括发行新债券，偿还债务，股票销售和回购，以及现金股利支付。 Not surprisingly, Enron’s executives had realized some $750 million in salaries, bonuses and profits from stock options in the 12 months before the company went bankrupt. 毫不奇怪, 公司破产前的十二个月里，安然的高管们实现了7.5亿美金的工资、奖金和股票期权利润。First, financial ratios are not standardized. A perusal of the many financial textbooks and other sources that are available will often show differences in how to calculate some ratios. 首先,财务比率不规范。一个参考的许多金融教科书及来源,可将经常表现出差异如何计算一些率。 Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay its obligations in the short run. 流动性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期内它的义务。 Excessively high current ratios, however, may indicate a firm may have too much of its long-term investor-supplied capital invested in short-term low-earning current assets. 当前的比率过高,然而,可能表明,一个公司可能有太多的长期 investor-supplied资本投资于短期low-earning流动资产 In an inflationary environment, firms that use last-in, first-out(LIFO)inventory valuation will likely have lower current ratios than firms that use first-in, first-out(FIFO). 在一个通货膨胀的环境下,企业选择使用后进先出法对存货计价的公 司比采用先进先出法的公司有一个低的流动比率。 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm’s liquidity position because it assumes that firms can fund their current liabilities with only cash and marketable securities. 流动比率太稳健不能正确反映一个公司的流动性状况，因为在这一比率假定公司仅仅用现金和有价证券就可以偿还流动负债。 Debt management ratios characterize a firm in terms of the relative mix of debt and equity financing and provide measures of the long-term debt paying ability of the firm. 描述一个公司债务管理比率从相对的混合的债务和股权融资的措施, 提供长期偿债能力的公司。 Total capital includes all non-current liabilities plus equity, and thus excludes short-term debt. 资本总额包括所有非流动负债加上股本,从而排除短期贷款。 Net profit margins vary widely by the type of industry. 有着很大的不同,其净利润为典型的产业。 Note that earnings before interest and taxes, rather than net income, Is used in the numerator because interest is paid with pre-tax dollars, and the firm’s ability to pay current interest is not affected by taxes. 注意,分子中用的是息税前利润而不是净收入，这是因为利息是税前支付的，公司支付现金利息的能力不受税收的影响。 Managers should analyze the tradeoff between any increased sales from a more lenient credit policy and the associated costs of longer collection periods and more uncollected receivables to determine whether changing the firm’s credit sales policy could increase shareholder’s we alth. 管理者应该分析权衡增加的销售从一个更为宽松的信贷政策和相关费用较长的周期和更多的应收账款收集来决定是否改变公司的信用销售的政策可能会增加股东的财富。 If the receivables collection period exceeds a firm’s credit terms this may indicate that a firm is ineffective in collecting its credit sales or is granting credit to marginal customers. 如果应收账款采集时间超过公司的信用条款这也许说明了企业信用销售收集它无效或给予客户信用边缘。 A low, declining ratio may suggest the firm has continued to build up inventory in the face of weakening demand or may be carrying and reporting outdated or obsolete inventory that could only be sold at reduced prices, if at all. 一个低税率、下降率可能显示这个公司已经持续不断地加强库存面对需求不断减弱或可能携带和报告过期或过时的库存,只能减价出售。Thus, the operating profit margin, which indicates the operating profit generated per dollar of net sales, measures t he firm’s operating profitability before financing costs. 因此,经营利润,预示着美元营业利润产生的净销售额,公司的经营利润措施在融资成本。 If the firm’s fixed assets are old and have been depreciated to a low book value, and the assets have not lost their productive ability, the low figure in the denominator will inflate ROA. 如果公司固定资产比较旧,分母的减少会是ROA折旧到低的账面价值，但是资产并没有失去生产能力。 Return on common equity(ROCE) focuses on just the return to common shareholders and is computed by removing the dividends to preferred shareholders from net income and dividing by the capital provided by common shareholders. 普通股权益报酬率仅仅关注普通股股东的报酬率，用净收入扣除优先股股利除以普通股股东提供的资本计算得到。 Dividend yield represents parts of a stock’s total return; another part of a st ock’s total return is price appreciation. 代表部分股息率的股票总回报;另一部分是一个股票的总回报价格上涨。 In fact, of all the concepts used in finance, none is more important than the time value of money, also called discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis. 事实上,财务上所有的概念中，货币时间价值是最重要的，也称作是折现调整现金流量折价分析。
(完整版)艺术专业中文词汇及其英文翻译
设计的分类（英语） 1 设计Design 2 现代设计Modern Design 3 工艺美术设计Craft Design 4 工业设计Industrial Design 5 广义工业设计Genealized Industrial Design 6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计Product Design 8 传播设计Communication Design 8 环境设计Environmental Design 9 商业设计Comercial Design 10 建筑设计Architectural 11 一维设计One-dimension Design 12 二维设计Tow-dimension Design 13 三维设计Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计Four-dimension Design 15 装饰、装潢Decoration 16 家具设计Furniture Design 17 玩具设计Toy Design 18 室内设计Interior Design 19 服装设计Costume Design 20 包装设计Packaging Design 21 展示设计Display Design 22 城市规划Urban Desgin 23 生活环境Living Environment 24 都市景观Townscape 25 田园都市Gardon City 26 办公室风致Office Landscape 27 设计方法论Design Methodology 28 设计语言Design Language 29 设计条件Design Condition 30 结构设计Structure Design 31 形式设计Form Design 32 设计过程Design Process 33 构思设计Concept Design 34 量产设计，工艺设计Technological Design
英语词汇学 术语解释
.' Lexicology the is into linguistics, inquiring a branch of origins and meanings of words. Morphology different their and the : study of morpheme forms. Semantics the study of word meaning. ：Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning. Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study one or words at a : the study of word particular point in time. Diachronic study studies which to : an approach lexicology how a word (or words) changes over a period of time.