自学考试综合英语二课文文本

自学考试综合英语二课文文本

Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at School

1.I attended junior and senior high school, public institution in

New York and New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a

long time ago.The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.Since then, i've learned a great deal. One of the most important thing i've learned is how much there is to learn,and how much I don't yet know. Sometimes I think how grateful i would be today if I had learned more back then

about what really matter. In some respects educations is terribly narrow; the only thing I ever learned in school about

Napoleons was that the United States made a Louisianna Purchase from him (On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans,

the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.) In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals

of math,and other vital subjects, my teachers did a pretty good

job.But there's no much else I wish they'd taught us.

2.Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified.It seems to me there are many things (often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization o

things that truly would be useful in later life,f facts) that the schools should teach ——

useful in making a stronger country and a better world, but useful also in making people happier. Human beings enjoy learning. That's one

of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet. Every student should regulary experience the

"Aha!"——when something you never understood, or something you

never knew was mystery becomes clear.

3.So here's my list:

Pick a difficult thing and learn it well

4.The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest

of human joys, and

it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects, make sure

you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in its broader human context. After you teach yourself one subject, you become much more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. You gradually find you've acquired a key skill. The world is changing so rapidly that you

must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. But don't get trapped by the first subject that interests you, or the first thing you find yourself good at. The world is full of wonders, and some of them we don't discover until we're all grow up. Most of them. sadly , we never discover.

Don't be afraid to ask "stupid" questions.

5.Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why

the Sun is round, or

why we need 55.000 nuclear weapons in the world ——are really deep questions. The

answers can be a gateway to real insights. It's also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you don't know, and asking questions is the way. To ask "stupid" questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer. And don't confine your learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends. It's much braver to ask questions even when

there's a prospect of

ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened

to the world around you.

Listen carefully.

6.Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either

side. When people are talking, don't spend the time thinking about what you're going to say next. Instead, try to understand what they're saying, what experience is behind

their remarks, what you can learn from or about them. Older people have grown up in a world very different from yours, one you may not know very well. They. and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important perspectives that can enrich your life.

Everybody makes mistakes

7.Everybody's understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction, and learn to correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.

Know your planet

8.It's the only one we have. Learn how it works. We're changing the atmosphere, the surface, the waters of the Earth, often for some short-term advantage when the long-term implications are unknow. The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we're going. If we don't understand the issues, we abandon the future.

Science and technology.

9.You can't know your planet unless you know something about science and technology.

School science courses, I remember, concentrated on the unimportant parts of science,

leaving the major insights almost untouched. The great discoveries

in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example, Copernicus showed that —

—far frombeing the center of the universe, about which the Sun, the Moon, the planets,

and the stars revolved in clockwise homage——the Earth is just one of many small wo

rlds. This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure, but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. Every

high school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus, Newton, Darwin, Freud, and Einstein. (Einstein's special theory of relativity, far from being obscure and exceptionally difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algebra, and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and downstream.) Don't spend your life watching TV.

10.You know what I'm Talking about.

Culture.

11.Gain some exposure to the great works of liturature, art and music. If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something

to it. Like all deep experiences, it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort, your life has changed; you've acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your days. In a world as

tightly connected as ours is, don't restrict your attention to American or western culture. Learn how and what people elsewhere think. Learn something of their history, their

religion, their viewpoints.

Compassion

12.Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily selfish time. But there is a hollowness, a loneliness that comes from living

only for yourself. Humans are capable of great mutual compassion, love and tenderness. These feelings, however, need encouragement to grow.

13.Look at the delight a one-or two- year old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn. Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.

Lesson two Icons

Heros and Cultural Icons

Gray Goshgarian

If you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroines, you would probably name some or all of the following : George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Daniel Boone, Martin Luther King Jr., Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis,

Helen Keller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rosa Parks. If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entirely different list. You might, in fact, name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour rather than their achievements and moral strength of character. And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their ―Most Admired‖ list,

but rather movie and television celebrities, fashion models, professional athletes, and even comic book and cartoon characters. In short media icons.

By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished

by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most oftern for the benefit of others---t

hen are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation‘s consciousnes s and development as well as the lives of those

who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us---an artifact of the past. Some maintain that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially and unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall

crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science. Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons—media superstars such as actors, actresses, spo

rts celebrities, television personalities, and people who are simply famous for being famous.

Cultural icons are harder to define, but we know them when we see them. They are

people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage

to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That‘s hard to answer. In part, their lives hav e the quality of a story. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who

at 19 married a prince, bore a king, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death---such as Martin Luther King Jr.,

John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.

Being Somebody

Donna Woolfolk Cross

One hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved. Men like J.P. Morgan, E.H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achievers. So were Thomas Edison, Mark Twain, and Susan B. Anthony.

Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day. Today‘s celebrities, however, of

ten do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media. In 1981, a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the nation‘s ―most admired woman‖. The year before, that disti nction went to president Carter‘s wife, Rosalynn. In fact, the wife of the current president is always one of the nation‘s most admired women.

Today‘s celebrities, as the writer Daniel Boorstin says, are

―people well –known for th

eir well-knownness.‖

To become such a celebrity, one needs luck, not accomplishment. As Boorstin says, ―The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image or trademark. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name.‖

There is another distinction: heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy. Few of us believe we could be another Jonas Salk or Eleanor Roosevelt, but we could be another TV star like Telly Savalas or Suzanne Somers. Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like us.

The shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship occurred around the turn of the century. It was closely tied to the rise of new forms of media—first photography, and later

moving pictures, radio and television. For the first time, Americans could see and recognize their heroes. Previously, men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.

The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures. Between 1901 and 1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people

were about political leaders, inventors, professionals and businessmen. After 1922, however, most articles were about

movie stars.

With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table. We came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know personally. Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.

Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of ―making it ‖ in America. Actually, the term‖talk show‖ is misleading. Celebrities do not appear on such a program because of an actual desire---or ability---to talk, but simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up, that they are ―somebody.‖ Being a guest on a talk show does not require qualities of wit, eloquence, brilliance, insight, or intelligence. A former talent coordinator for ―the Tonight Show‖, says that when he would ask a scheduled guest, ―What would you like to talk to the host about?‖ the reply he got often was, ―Have him ask me anything.‖ This , he says, usually meant.

―I am a typical Hollywood actor, so I have never had an original thought and I have nothing to say of any interest to anyone anywhere.‖ Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound. One talk

show coordinator comments. ―we look for the guest who is sure to

talk no matter what. Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television; thirty seconds is disastrous. A guest who‘s got to stop to think about everything he says before the opens his

mouth is a ratings nightmare.‖

This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stupidity.

―we wouldn‘t have used George Washington on our show. ‖ says one talent coordinator.

―he might have been f irst in the hearts of his countrymen, but

today he‘d be dragging

his bottom in the ratings.‖

lesson3 Go Go Americans

Go-Go Americans

Alison R. Lanier

1.Americans believe no one stands still.If you are not moving ahead,you are falling behind.This attitude of time results in a nation of people committed to

researching,experimenting and exploring.Time is one of the two elments Americans save carefully,the other being labor.

2"We are slaves to nothing but the clock."it has been said.Time is trated as if it were something almost tangible.We budget it,save

it,waste it,steal it,kill it,cut it,account for it, we also charge for it.It is a precious commodity. Many people have a rather accute sence of

the shortness of each lifetime.Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass,they cannot be replaced.We want every minute to count.

3.A foreigner's first impression to the U.S is likely to be that everyone is in a rush--often under pressure.City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going,restlessly seeking attention in a store,elbowing others as they try to complete their errands.Racing through daytime meals is considered precious.Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed.Each person hurries to make room

for the next person.If you don't waiters will hurry you.

4.You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push

past you.You will miss smiles,brief conversations,small contacts with strangers.Don't take it personally.This is because people value time highly,and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain courtesy point.

5.This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience.In the American system of values ,patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called" a short fuse." We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return——be this in terms of pleasure, work value,or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differenetly may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both

business and daily life.

6.Many newcomers to the states will miss the opening courtitesies of

a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a cafe or coffee house. Normally, Americans don't access their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport

.Rapport to us is less important then performance.We seek out evidence of

past performance then evalute a business college through social courtesies. Since we generally acess and probe prefessionally rather than socially,we start talking business very quickly.

7.Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars.These calendars may be be devided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes.We often give a person two or three(or more) segments of my calendar,but in the business world we almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever we are doing now.Time is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.

8.As a result we work hard at the task of saving time.We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rappidly through telexes, phone calls or memos rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant,take longer especially given our traffic-filled

streets.We therefore save most personal visiting for after work hours or for social weekend gatherings.

9.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the importance of the matter at hand,In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact,requiring face to face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person.However people are meeting increasingly on television screens,conducting "teleconferences" to setlle problems not only in this country but also——by satellite——internationally.An increasingly high percentage of normal business is being done these days by voice and electronic devide. Mail is slow and uncertain and is growing ever more expensive.

10.The U.S. is defined a telephone country.Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social engagements, to say their"Thank you's." to shop and to obtaion

all kinds of informations.Telephones save your feet and endless amounts of time.This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is good here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.Furmore , the costs of secretarial labor printing,and stamps are all soaring .The telephone is quick. We like it . We can do our business and get an answer in a matter of moments. Furthermore, several people can confer together without moving from their desks, even in widely scattered locations.In a big country that ,too ,is important.

11.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly.Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant,not worthy of proper respect.Assighments are thus felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. In the U.S.,however itis taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem,or fullfill a job succesfully, with rapideity. Usually,the more important a task is, the more capital, energy,and attention will be poured into it in inorder to "get it moving."

综二lesson4 "Take Over, Bon's!"

"Take Over, Bon's!"

1.Hour after after I kept the gun pointed at the other nine man. From the lifeboat's stern, where I'd sat most of the twenty days of our drifting,I could keep them all covered. If i had to shoot at such close quarters, I wouldn't miss. They realized that. Nobody jumped at me. But in the way they all glared i could see how they'd come to hate my guts.

2.Especially Barratte, who'd been bos'n's mate; Barrett said in his harsh, craked voice, "You're a fool, Snyder. Y-you can't hold out forever! You're half asleep now!"

3.I didn't answer. He was right. How long can a man stay awake? I hadn't dare to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours. Very soon now

i'd doze off, and the instant that happened they'd jump on the litlle water that was left.

4.The last canteen lay under my legs. There wasn't much in it after twenty days. Maybe a pint. Enough to give each of them a few drops. Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they'd gladly kill me for those few drops. As a man I didn't count any more. I was no longer third officer of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that kept them away from the water they craved. And with their tongue swollen and their cheeks sunken, they were half crazy.

5.The way I judged it, we must be some two hundred miles east of Ascension. Now that the

so storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy, and the morning sun was hot——

hot it scoched your skin. My own tongue was thick enough to stop my throat. I'd have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.

6.But I was the man with the gun——the only authority in the boat——and I knew this: once

the water was gone we'd have nothing to look forward to but death.

As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for. We had to make it last as long as possible. If

I'd given in to the curses, we'd have emptied the last canteen days ago. By now

we'd all be dead.

7.The men weren't pulling on the oars. They'd stopped that long ago, too weak to go on. The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked animals, and I probably looked as bad as the rest.

Some sprawled over the gunwales, dozing. The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the instant i relaxed.

8.When they weren't looking at my face they looked at the canteen under my legs.

9.Jeff Barrett was the nearest one. A constant threat. The bos'n's mate was a heavy man, bald , with a scarred and brutal face. He'd been in a hundred fights, and they 'd left their marks on him.

10.Barrett had been able to sleep——in fact , he'd slept through most of the night——and I

envied him that. His eyes wouldn't close.They kept watching me, narrow and dangerous.

11.Every now and then he jeered at me in that hoarse, broken voice:

12."Why don't you quit? You can't hold out!"

13."Tonight," I said. "We'll ration the rest of the water tonight."

14."By tonight some of us'll be dead! We want it now!"

15."Tonight," I said.

16.Couldn't he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldn't be sweated out of us so fast? But Barrett was beyond all reasoning. His mind had already cracked with thirst. I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes. I aimed the gun at his chest——and he

sat down again.

17.I'd grabbed my gun on instinct, twenty days ago, just before running for the life boat. Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.

18.These fools——couldn't they see I wanted a drink as badly as any of them? But I was in command here——that was the difference. I was the man with the gun, the man who had to think. Each of the others could offord to think only of himself; I had to think of them all.

19.Barrett's eyes kept watching me, waiting. I hate him. I hateed

him all the more because he had slept. As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis. I bent my head. It filled my brain like a cloud. I was going, going...

20.Barrett stood over me, and I couldn't even lift the gun. In a vague way I could guess what would happen. He'd grab the water first and take his drop. By that time the others would be

screaming and tearing at him, and he had to yield the canteen. Well, there was nothing more I could do about it.

21.I whispered, "Take over, bos'n".

22.Then I fell face down in the bottom of the boat. I was asleep before I stopp moving...

23. When a hand shook my shoulder, I could hardly raise my head.

Jeff Berrett's hoarse voice said, " Here! Take your share o' the water!"

24.Somehow I proped myself on my arms, dizzy and weak. I looked at

the men, and I thought my eyes were going. Their figures were dim,

shadowy; but then I realized it was not because of my eyes. It was night. The sea was black; there were stars overhead. I'd slept the day away.

25.So we were in our twenty-first night adrift——the night in which the tramp Croton finally

but now, as I turned my head to Barrett there was no sigh of any ship. He picked us up——

knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with the

gun steady on the men.

26. I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. Hadn't they finished that pint of water this morning? When I looked up at Barrett's ugly face, it was grim. He must have guessed my thoughts.

27."You said, ' Tke over, bos'n,' didn't you?" he growled. " I've been holding off these apes all day." He lifted the gun in his hand. " when you're boss-man," he added, " in command and responsible for the rest——you——you sure get to see things different, don't you?"

lesson5 Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much?

Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much?

Benjamin Spock

1.While traveling for various speaking engagements, I frequently

stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children's bedrooms. In it, I oten find so many playthings that there's almost no room——for my small toiletket. And the closet is ususally so tightly packed with clothes that I can barely squeeze in my jacket.

2.I'm not complaining, only making a point. I think that the tendency to give children an

overabundance of toys and clothes is quite common in American families, and I think that in far too many families not only do children come to take their parents' generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.

3.Of course, I'm not only thinking of the material possessions children are given. Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges——for example, when parents send a child to

an expensive summer camp that the parents can't really afford.

4.Why parents give their children too much, or give things they

can't afford? I believe there are several reasons.

5.One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their

children out of a sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions.

6.Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they hadd while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didn't get. Still others are afraid to say no to their children's endless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if they don't have the same playthings their friends have.

自考综合英语二(0015)课文及重点词汇一 Text-B The Language of Confidence

Text-B The Language of Confidence The language we use program s our brain s.Master ing our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve your quality of life. program 程序 brain 大脑 master 主人、精通 degree 程度 destinies 命运 possible 可能的 dramatically 显著的 improve 改善 quality 品质 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our sub-conscious mind.It is like a child,it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. "Try" even 甚至 effect 影响 sub-conscious 潜意识 mind 记忆 imagine 想象 eager 渴望 to carry out 执行 command 命令 knowingly 故意的 entirely 完全的 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

山东自考英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

大学英语2翻译原文及答案

Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.

新标准大学综合英语2 unit1 课文翻译

NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

大学英语2课文译文

Unit 1 A heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in a rather unexpected way. The dinner party Mona Gardner I first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true -- though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests -- officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist -- in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't. "A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts." The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing -- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters -- the likeliest place -- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left -- under the table. His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. "I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred -- that's five minutes -- and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?" The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "...two hundred and eighty..." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. "You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control." "Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?" A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot."

00795综合英语二-上册-课文诠释

Lesson One Twelve Things l Wish They Taught at School Carl Sagan Learning Guide 俗话说：“活到老，学到老。”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实自己的过程。青少年阶段， 尤其是中学阶段，无疑是学习的最佳时期。中学教育的重点应放在什么地方？美国著名科学家和科普 作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法，他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育，使他们建 立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观，使他们能够正确对待自己，关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己 的地球同胞。 1. I attended junior and senior high school, public institutions in New York and New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago. ① The facilities and the skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.Since then, I've learned a great deal. One of the most important things I've learned is how much there is to learn, ② and how much I don't yet know.③ Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters. In some respects that education was terribly narrow; the only thing I ever heard in school about Napoleon was that the United States made the Louisiana Purchase from him. ④(On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history. ) In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of math, and other vital subjects, my teachers did a pretty good job. But there's so much else I wish 2.Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified. It seems to me there are many things (often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts) that the schools should teach — things

(完整版)新视野大学英语2翻译原文及答案

Unit 1 1.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) She wouldn't take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. Unit 2 1.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 2.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 4.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 5.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. Unit 3 1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there. 3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4.虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.

英语二+12单元课文(带每句翻译)

Unit12 Text A Importance重 要 性 Many important things that contribute to our overall objectives and give meaning to life don't tend to act upon us or press us．很多重要事情有助于实 现我们的总目标，使生活有意义，但是它们不作用于我们.They're not ''urgent"，but they are the things that we must act upon．它们并不紧迫，但它们却是我们必须做的 事情。 In order to focus on the issues of urgency and importance more effectively，为了更有效地把精力集中在紧急和重要的事情上，let's look at the Time Management Table below．我们来看下面的时间管理分类表。As you can see it divide s our activities into four parts．该表将人的活动分为四部分，We spend time in one of these four ways：我们以其中任何一种方式度日。 　Urgent紧迫Not Urgent不紧迫 Important重要 I II Crises危机Preparation准备工作 Pressing Problems紧急问题Prevention预防工作 Dealine-driven projects, meetings, preparations有最 后期限的项目、会议和准备工作 Values clarification价值分类 　Planning计划 　Relationship building确立人际关系　True-creation真正的再创造 Not Important不重要 III IV Interruptions, some phone calls小插曲，某些电话Trivia ,busywork Some mail, some reports某些信件、报告Some phone calls某些电话 Some meetings某些会议Time wasters消耗时间的事情 Many proximate, pressing matters许多迫在眉睫的 事情 "Escape" activities“逃避现实”的活动Many popular activities许多大众活动Irrelevant mail不相关的信件 　Excessive TV过度看电视 Part I represents things that are both "urgent''and"important" ．第1部

(完整版)全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文整理最新版

Unit1 A Learning, Chinese-Style Unit2 A A Life Full of Riches Unit3 A Father Knows Better Unit4 A A Virtual Life Unit5 A True Height Unit6 A A Woman Can Learn Anything a Man Can Unit1 Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West. 哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行，阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。 Learning, Chinese-Style Howard Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. 中国式的学习风格 霍华德·加德纳 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。 2 The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When leaving the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box. Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it. 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 3 Benjamin loved to carry the key around, shaking it vigorously. He also liked to try to place it into the slot. Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Benjamin was not bothered in the least. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往