中级口译阅读题解法

中级口译阅读题解法

04年9月真题

The danger of misinterpretation is greatest, of course, among speakers who actually speak different native tongues, or come from different cultural backgrounds, because cultural difference necessarily implies different assumptions about natural and obvious ways to be polite.

Anthropologist Thomas Kochman gives the example of a white office worker who appeared with a bandaged arm and felt rejected because her black fellow worker didn't mention it. The doubly wounded worker assumed that her silent colleague didn't notice or didn't care. But the co-worker was purposely not calling attention to something her colleague might not want to talk about. She let her decide whether or not to mention it, being considerate by not imposing. Kochman says, based on his research, that these differences reflect recognizable black and white styles.

An American woman visiting England was repeatedly offended —even, on bad days, enraged — when the British ignored her in setting in which she thought they should pay attention. For example, she was sitting at a booth in a railway-station cafeteria. A couple began to settle into the opposite seat in the same booth. They unloaded their luggage; they laid their coats on the seat; he asked what she would like to eat and went off to get it; she slid into the booth facing the American. And throughout all this, they showed no sign of having noticed that someone was already sitting in the booth.

When the British woman lit up a cigarette, the American had a concrete object for her anger. She began ostentatiously looking around for another table to move to. Of course there was none; that's why the British couple had sat in her booth in the first place. The smoker immediately crushed out her cigarette and apologized. This showed that she had noticed that someone else was sitting in the booth, and that she was not inclined to disturb her. But then she went back to pretending the American wasn't there, a ruse in which her husband collaborated when he returned with their food and they ate it.

To the American, politeness requires talk between strangers forced to share a booth in a cafeteria, if only a fleeting "Do you mind if I sit down?" or a conventional, "Is anyone sitting here?" even if it's obvious no one is. The omission of such talk seemed to her like dreadful rudeness. The American couldn't see that another system of politeness was at work. By not acknowledging here presence, the British couple freed her from the obligation to acknowledge theirs. The American expected a show of involvement; they were being polite by not imposing.

An American man who had lived for years in Japan explained a similar politeness ethic. He lived, as many Japanese do, in extremely close quarters — a tiny room separated from neighbouring rooms by paper-thin walls. In this case the walls were literally made of paper. In order to preserve privacy in this most unprivate situation, his Japanese neighbour with the door open, they steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they were alone in a desert. The American confessed to feeling what I believe most American would feel if a next-door neighbour passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presence —snubbed. But he realized that the intention was not rudeness by omitting to show involvement, but politeness by not imposing.

The fate of the earth depends on cross-cultural communication. Nations must reach agreements, and agreements are made by individual representatives of nations sitting down and talking to each other — public analogues of private conversation. The processes are the same, and so are the pitfalls. Only the possible consequences are more extreme.

16. In Thomas Kochman's example, when the white office worker appeared with a bandaged arm,

why did her colleague keep silent?

(A) Because she didn't care about her white colleague at all.

(B) Because she was considerate by imposing on her.

(C) Because she didn't want to embarrass her white colleague.

(D) Because she was aware of their different cultural backgrounds.

17. What is the best definition for the word "imposing" in paragraph 2?

(A) Unreasonably expecting someone to do something.

(B) Using your authority to make sure a rule is kept.

(C) Acting in a grand, impressive way.

(D) Causing troubles to oneself.

18. Which of the following can he concluded from the passage?

(A) The British would like to avoid talking to strangers in public.

(B) The American would like to be imposed in different settings.

(C) The British expect a small talk between strangers who are forced to share a booth in a

cafeteria.

(D) The American enjoy being ignored in unfamiliar settings.

19. What seems to be 'Japanese' behaviour in order to preserve privacy in close quarters?

(A) They would separate their rooms by paper-thin walls.

(B) They act as if they have never known someone living next to them.

(C) They are very friendly and considerate to their neighbours.

(D) They pull their face long and glue steadfastly their gaze ahead.

20. Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?

(A) An American Woman's Overseas Experience

(B) The Cultural Wave

(C) Mixed Metamesssage across Cultures

(D) Pitfalls and Possible Consequences

【参考答案】

CAABC

【概要】

本文探讨了文化间信息的误传。文章第一段点题：语言及文化的差异使人们对彼此的礼貌习惯产生了误解。第二至第五段举例论证主题：1）黑人员工尊重同事的隐私，不过问其伤势，结果被误解为刻意排挤。2）英国夫妇在咖啡馆不想打扰同桌客人而不打招呼，被美国人误解为无礼、粗鲁。3）日本人为了隐私而不与近邻寒暄，却被美国人误解为冷谈。第七段强调文化交流的重要性：不同文化的国家应在人们彼此的交流中加深了解。

16.In Thomas Kochman's example, when the white office worker appeared with a bandaged arm,

why did her colleague keep silent?

【题型与定位】结论推断题。答案出处为原文第二段。

【判断依据】第二段中提到the co-worker was purposely not calling attention to something her colleague might not want to talk about。D）项在原文中没有提到。A）、B）两项是黑人员工被白人同事误解的地方，而不是其真正用意。四个选项中，只有C）项的want与原文的purposely

相对应。

17.What is the best definition for the word "imposing" in paragraph 2?

【题型与定位】词义句义题。答案出处为原文第二段。

【判断依据】第二段结尾处提到She let her decide whether or not to mention it，这句话的隐含意义也就是“不强求别人告诉她发生了什么”，在四个选项中只有A）项表达了“无礼要求别人做某事”的含义。

18．Which of the following can he concluded from the passage?

【题型与定位】结论推断题。答案出处为原文第三段至第五段。

【判断依据】B）项中所提到的美国人的习惯过于偏激且在本文中没有涉及。C）、D）两项将美国人和英国人的礼貌习惯混淆了。

19．What seems to be 'Japanese' behaviour in order to preserve privacy in close quarters?

【题型与定位】结论推断题。答案出处为原文第六段。

【判断依据】第六段中提到his Japanese neighbor…steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they were alone in a desert。在这里作者用孤身一人在沙漠的样子来比喻日本人旁若无人

的态度，在四个选项中只有B）项提到了这种态度。D）项比较容易被误选，因为这一

项的后半部分与原文一致，但pull their face作为细节在原文中没有提到。A）项在原文

中有涉及，但在文中这里所提的内容只是为了论证日本人邻里之间住得太近这一事实。

20．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?

【题型与定位】主旨大意题。答案出处为第一段。

【判断依据】第一段是本文的主题，在这个主题中抓住关键词culture difference及different assumptions。在四个选项中只有C）项的across Cultures和Mixed Metamessage可以分别与这两大关键词对应。

【难点】

1. impose：意为“强迫某人做不想做的事”。这一词在文中的三个实例中都出现not imposing，用来说明有些文化的礼貌习惯中喜欢给对方留出私人空间。

2. glue：常用意义为“粘”，在文中glue意为“注视”，用来说明日本人那种旁若无人的样子。

05年3月真题

A blue sedan nearly sideswipes my car. The driver gives me a weird look. No wonder: I'm at the wheel of a Ford Taurus, with a tangle of wires taped to my face and neck, a respiration monitor strapped around my chest, and a bunch of other gizmos sending data about my vital signs to computers stacked on the front and back seats. I look like the star of A Commuter's Clockwork Orange.

University of Iowa assistant professor of engineering Thomas Schnell is crammed into the seat behind me. Schnell created this lab-on-wheels to gauge how a motorist's body reacts to driving. He wants carmakers to use his findings to design "smart" cars that make driving less stressful. I'm taking his rolling research facility for a white-.knuckle evening spin in Chicago---home to some of the nation's worst rush-hour traffic--to learn what happens to the human body during a long, frustrating commute.

So at 5:15 on a Monday, with a storm whipping in off Lake Michigan, I pull out of a downtown parking lot and begin creeping along Interstate 90, heading west behind a line of cars that stretches as far as the eye can see. Now and then, the pace picks up, but, just as quickly, it slows to a halt, red brake lights glowing in the twilight.

If I had to do this every day, I'd grind my teeth to dust. After 45 minutes, Schnell and I have gone just 10 miles. As the car crawls along, Schnell occasionally asks, "What is your level of fun?" He notes my responses; some of them unprintable, on a clipboard. Here's what the computers I'm-tethered to record:

I begin breathing harder and faster. My respiration rate leafs from 12 to 17 breaths per minute. My heart rate jumps from 74 to 80 beats per minute. The electrodes taped to the muscles in my forehead show increased activity (Translation: My brow furrows and I squint a lot).

While I was in no danger of keeling over, my heart rate and other symptoms Offered clear evidence that I was under stress, says Robert Bonow. MD, president of The American Heart Association (AHA). Over time, that stress could take a heavy toll.

If you are among the roughly 113 million Americans who drive to work each day, you're probably grimacing with recognition. With traffic congestion getting worse each year, anyone who travels by car to the office or plant, or who simply shuttles kids from school to violin lessons to slumber parties, may be exposing himself or herself to serious hidden health threats.

All that commuter combat is bound to produce casualties. "People are experiencing more congestion and we know that's stressful,' says Colorado State University psychologist Jerry Deffenbacher. Some results are predictable. Reckless driving--sometimes in the form of so-called road rage is often spurred by traffic frustration: Consider 41-year-01d Chris Heard. The mild-mannered engineer used to turn into Mad Max every day as he drove the nearly 50 miles of clogged roads between his home in Brookline, N.H., and his office near Boston. "It turned me into a very aggressive driver," he says, "taking risks, cutting people off, driving fast on back roads to make up for time I lost." The result of his congestion-fueled fury? A stack of speeding tickets and

a number of near collisions. Finally he did something about it: He found a jo

b closer to home.

16. According to the passage, Professor Thomas Schnell has created his lab-on-wheels _______.

(A) to make heart jump from 74 80 beats per minute

(B) to make respiration rate leap from 12 to 17 breaths per minute

(C) to learn how to make driving enjoyable during rush-hour traffic

(D) to learn how a driver physically reacts to driving

17. why was the author driving along Interstate 90 on a Monday?

(A) He was test-driving his smart car.

(B) He liked to pick up his driving skill.

(C) He did not want to be caught in the storm.

(D) He was dong it for a test.

18. The phrase “take a heavy toll” (para.6) is closest in meaning to _______.

(A) grind one’s teeth

(B) damage one’s health

(C) increase one’s activity

(D) pay more at the toll gate

19. Which of the following in NOT true about 41-year-old Chris Heard?

(A) He used to play a role in a movie.

(B) He got a stack of speeding tickets.

(C) He found a job closer to home.

(D) He had a number of near collisions.

20. What is the best title for the passage?

(A) Are You a Reckless Driver?

(B) How Do You Improve Your Driving Skill?

(C) Are Your Driving Yourself Sick?

(D) How Do You Design Smart Cars?

【参考答案】

DDBAC

【概要】

本文以作者正参与的研究测试为引子，介绍了如今美国的交通恶劣形势。作者在开头通过描写自己开车时引人注目的奇怪装束，引出下文中的原因。原来自己正参与一项有关司机在驾驶过程中反应的研究，研究人员想通过这一研究，希望能设计出能减轻驾驶压力的汽车。这是因为随着驾车的人越来越多，交通状况也日益恶化，交通事故剧增，司机的压力也随之增大，而且这一压力也正损害着他们的健康。

16. According to the passage, Professor Thomas Schnell has created his lab-on-wheels _______. 【题型与定位】事实细节题。

【判断依据】题干关键词为Thomas Schnell 和lab-on-wheels，答案点在文章第二段的第二句话。

17. Why was the author driving along Interstate 90 on a Monday?

【题型与定位】事实细节题。

【判断依据】题干关键词为drive along Interstate 90。答案出处为第二段。根据题目，似乎该题来自原文第三段。但由于问题问的是why，答案应来自第二段，其最后一句话中已清楚交代了作者正参与某项研究测试。

18. The phrase “take a heavy toll” (para.6) is closest in meaning to _______.

【题型与定位】词义句义题。

【判断依据】上下文中不断重复stress（压力）这个词，再联系客观实际，很容易猜到应该是：损害健康。

19. Which of the following in NOT true about 41-year-old Chris Heard?

【题型与定位】事实细节题。

【判断依据】题干关键词为41-year-old Chris Heard。答案出处为文章最后一段。根据题干提供的人名，其信息来源于最后一段中有关此人的介绍。对比原文，可以发现A）中所述：在某电影里扮演过角色，纯属子虚乌有。

20. What is the best title for the passage?

【题型与定位】主旨大意题。

【判断依据】题干关键词为best title。作者通过介绍自己所参与的一个驾车研究测试，分析了如今美国的交通现状给司机带来的巨大压力，及其带来的危害。

【难点】

1. gauge：文中用作动词，意思为“测量、判定”。它也可用作名词，意思为“标准规格、程度范围”

2. commute：用作动词，意思为“通勤、经常乘车往返于两地”。用作名词，意思为“上下班交通、上下班交通路程”。

3. a stack of speeding tickets：a stake of 意思是“整齐的一叠”；speeding tickets 是指美

国对违章超速驾驶汽车者的传票。

1．主旨大意题

主旨类题目一般是问文章的中心思想或写作意图，一般以这样的形式问出：

Which of the following best summarize the main idea of the passage?

The main idea of the passage is that ______.

What is the best title for this passage?

The author’s main purpose of writing this article is ______.

The purpose of this article is ______.

这是一类不太容易做的题目，在中级口译阅读题中是错误率较高的一种题目。这种题目要求应试者对文章的整体和中心有很强的把握能力。应试者的感觉往往是：文章看的还可以，大概知道作者在讲什么，但是要到选择主要思想的时候就感觉似是而非。问题主要在于中级口译的阅读者结构感和整体感较差，往往对细节的把握能力比对整体强。针对这种问题，笔者根据自己的教学和阅卷经验提出一些快速而实用考场应对技巧。

但是找中口阅读文章的主旨仍然有一定的规律可循。一般来说，大部分文章的主旨可以在这样几个地方定位到：

2．结论推断题

这类题目一般是要求考生根据阅读中的已知信息进行推断。常见的发问方式有：

What is inferred from the passage?

According to the passage, which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that….

We can learn from the passage that…

……

所有这几中方式中都有一个表示推断的词，如conclude, infer, imply, learn等。

总体来说，推断类题目是阅读中难度很大的一种题目。要求考生不仅读懂文章的表面的意思，而且读懂隐含的意思，不仅了解事实的经过，而且要由经过进行推断。

仔细看来，推断型题目又可以分为两类：一：四个选择项谈的是同一件事情；二：四个选择项谈的是不同的事情。第一类是对文章中某一细节的理解和推断。另一类是对整篇文章几处

3．词汇释义题

常见的发问方式有：

*What do you think the word “……” in line/ paragraph…… means?

4．指代题

指代题通常提问某些代词如“they”、“this”、“it”在上下文中指代什么，一般指代题中的代词往往指代前面紧接的有密切逻辑联系的语句。在做题过程中，注意以下两点策略：

5．事实细节题

事实细节题的难度并不大，关键在于是否能准确并迅速地定位解题信息。一般来说，只要在文中定位到了题干中的核心信息，并看懂原文的意思就能解题。

【DF】2011年3月上海中级口译真题及答案

沪江英语绿宝书之 2011年3月上海中级口译考试 听力原文及解析 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. My topic for today?s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another?s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It?s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, …culture is communication and communication is culture.?

中级口译真题+参考答案

9月中级口译真题+参考答案(4) Questions 16-20 We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men. Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information. The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their

中级口译教程词汇翻译

第二单元接待口译Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport 人力资源部经理：manager of Human Resources. Top-notch: 顶尖的 能够成行：make it 不辞辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule run into a storm:下暴雨 Be held up: 耽搁clear up:天气转好 Attending service：服务倒时差：get over the jet-lag 行李齐了：get all the luggage 下榻宾馆：take sb.to the hotel 设宴洗尘：host a reception in one’s honor 总裁：chairman 杂技表演：acrobatic show 2-2 宾馆入住Hotel Accommodation Check-in: 登记住宿预定房间：have a reservation with 确认函：confirmation letter travel agency：旅行社 Itinerary：行程表accommodation：住宿 双人间：double room 豪华套房：a deluxe suite 8折优惠价：have a good rate with 20% off morning cal：:叫醒 Photo-copy：复印express mail：快递邮件 总台：Front desk 餐饮部：Catering Service 洗熨部：Laundry Service 楼层服务台：Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise：健身教练：coach 2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service 敬业（的专家）：dedicated（experts）contribute one’s share：尽了…责任Maneuver ：机动，演习，策略，调遣大自然所赐予的：Mother Nature grant us Cuisine：菜系色，香，味，形：color，aroma,taste,appearance 食物的质地：raw materials with quality texture 调料：seasonings 原汁原味：original flavor appetizing：引起食欲的 特色点心：special snack 酸甜适口：a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup. 皮脆肉嫩：(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out：想出 好戏还在后头：have more surprises to expect 祝酒：drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯：cheers 2-4 参观访问Getting Around 高科技园区：High-Tech Park 业务经理：operation manager 鸟瞰：take a bird’s eye view of 言归正传：come back to story 走马观花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack 显目审批权：be authorized to approve projects (with) 优惠政策：preferential policies 与国际管理体制接轨：operate under the management system of international standards 跨国公司：multinationals 骨干企业：enterprises of pillar industries 生物技术：biotechnology 高技术产业链：high-tech industry chains 一条龙服务：a stream –lined one-stop service 生态型开发：ecological conservation 可持续发展：sustainable development 绿草成茵：boasts stretches of green grass 流水潺潺：streams murmuring 鸟儿啁啾：birds chirping 四季花香：fragrant flowers blossoming all year round 安保服务：security service

上海中级口译考试流程

中口考试流程

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