SAE J1715 电动汽车术语

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Copyright 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

2.2Related Publications—The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a

required part of this document.

2.2.1SAE P UBLICATION—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

SAE J670e—Vehicle Dynamics Terminology, latest revision

2.2.2I NSTITUTE OF E LECTRICAL AND E LECTRONIC E NGINEERS—Available from IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box

1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331.

ANSI/IEEE 100—Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms, latest revision

2.2.3J APANESE E LECTRIC V EHICLE S OCIETY—Available from Japenese Electric Vehicle Association, web site:

evinfo@gw.jeva.or.jp.

JEVS Z 805—Glossary of Terms Relating to Electric Vehicles, latest revision

2.2.4N ATIONAL I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY (NIST)—Internet Address - https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e68997673.html,.

For definitions of SI units of measurement - mass, EMF, current, power, etc.

2.2.5N ATIONAL H IGHWAY T RAFFIC S AFETY A DMINISTRATION—Available from The Government Printing Office, web

site: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e68997673.html,/mara/cfr..

49 CFR Ch V, Section 571—Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

2.2.6SAND P UBLICATION—Available from Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185.

SAND88-2852 * UC-212—Glossary of Testing Terminology for Rechargeable Batteries, latest revision 2.2.7USABC P UBLICATION—Available from USCAR, web site: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e68997673.html,/consortia/con-usabc.htm.

USABC T EST P ROCEDURES M ANUAL, LATEST REVISION

3.Definitions—Electric Vehicle Terminology

3.1Active Material—The constituents of a cell that participate in electrochemical charge/discharge reactions.

This does not include separators, current collectors, catalysts or supports.

3.2Adequate Ventilation—As defined in NFPA 30, ventilation is adequate if it is sufficient to prevent

accumulation of hydrogen vapor-air mixtures in concentrations over one-fourth of the lower flammability limit.

3.3Air Clearance—The shortest distance through air between two conductive parts.

3.4Aqueous Electrolyte Batteries—Batteries with water-based electrolytes.

3.5Available or Deliverable Capacity—The total ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged cell

or battery under specified operating conditions such as discharge rate, temperature, age, stand time, etc..

3.6Average Power (W)—Total energy withdrawn (or returned) from (or to) a battery divided by the time of

discharge (or charge).

3.7Average Voltage (V)—The ratio of the watt-hours to ampere-hours for a given discharge or charge. Also

known as current weighted voltage.

3.8Battery—Electrochemical cells electrically connected in a series and/or parallel arrangement.

3.9Battery Auxiliaries—The components required to support the operation of a battery pack, such as a tray,

watering subsystem, pumps or control electronics.

3.10Battery Cell—An assembly of at least one positive electrode, one negative electrode, and other necessary

electrochemical and structural components. A cell is a self-contained energy conversion device whose function is to deliver electrical energy to an external circuit via an internal chemical process.

3.11Battery Controller/Management System—Electronic components needed to provide communications

between the battery pack and other vehicle components. It may also monitor and/or control other battery functions (watering, temperature, electrolyte flow, etc.). It may also provide an operator interface.

3.12Battery Module—A grouping of interconnected cells in a single mechanical and electrical unit. Also known as

battery monobloc.

3.13Battery Pack—Interconnected battery modules that have been configured for a specific energy storage

application.

3.14Battery System—Completely functional energy storage system consisting of the pack(s) and necessary

ancillary subsystems for physical support, thermal management, and electronic control.

3.15Battery System Components—The components comprising a traction battery system in an electric vehicle.

These include the battery modules, interconnects, venting systems, battery restraint devices, electronic controls, and the battery box or container that holds the individual battery modules.

3.16Battery System Density (kg/L)—Battery system mass divided by battery system volume.

3.17Battery System Mass Fraction—Ratio of battery system weight to gross vehicle weight.

3.18Battery Volume (L)—The volume of the battery. Cell, module, pack, or system should be specified, and

should include the usable volume displaced.

3.19Battery Weight (KG)—The weight of the battery. Cell, module, pack, or system.

3.20Breakdown—The failure of the dielectric of an insulation due to the effects of an excessive electric field and/or

physical or chemical deterioration of the dielectric material.

3.21C N (Ah)—The capacity in ampere-hours obtained from a battery discharged at a constant current to an end-of-

discharge condition (discharge cutoff voltage) in N hours. C N is established once and is not adjusted through the battery's life.

3.22C N Hour Rate—The constant current at which a fully charged battery can be discharged to its discharge cut-

off voltage in N hours.

3.23C/N Rate (A)—The capacity of the battery divided by the discharge time in hours that yields that capacity.

3.24Calendar Life (years)—The length of time a battery can undergo some defined operation before failing to

meet its specified end-of-life criteria.

3.25Capacity {C} (Ah)—The total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery

under specified conditions.

3.26Charge (Verb)—Conversion of electrical energy into chemical potential energy within a cell achieved by

applying a direct current to the cell.

3.27Charge Connector—A conductive or inductive device that establishes an electrical connection to the electric

vehicle for the purpose of charging and information exchange.

3.28Charge Profile—Schedule used for charging a cell or battery, usually defined by voltage, current, and time. 3.29Charge Rate (A)—The current during charge of a cell or battery. See also finishing charge rate, float charge,

and trickle charge.

3.30Charger (Battery)—The component that supplies the power required for battery charging.

3.31CI—See constant current charging.

3.32CI/CV—A constant current charge followed by a constant-voltage charge.

3.33Chassis Ground—The conductor used to connect the non-current-carrying metal parts of the vehicle high

voltage system to the vehicle ground system.

3.34Conductive—Having the ability to transmit electricity through a physical path (conductor).

3.35Connection Cycles—Refers to connect and disconnect cycles of connectors. One insertion and withdrawal

operation is a connection cycle.

3.36Connector—A component which terminates conductors for the purpose of providing connection and

disconnection to a suitable mating component.

3.37Constant Current Charging or Discharging (CI)—The charging or discharging of a cell or battery at a

constant rate of current flow.

3.38Constant Voltage Charging (CV)—The charging of a cell or battery by applying a constant voltage while

allowing the current to vary.

3.39Contact—The part of a switch, relay or connector that carries current.

3.40Contact Force (N)—The force which two contacts exert against each other in the closed position under

specified conditions.

3.41Contact Resistance (?)—The electrical resistance of a single mated set of contacts under specified

conditions.

3.42Control Pilot—A conductor that is connected to the equipment ground through the control circuitry on the

vehicle. It performs several functions, including assurance that the vehicle is present and connected, start/stop control, charging area ventilation requirements, supply equipment current rating, and provides for the continuous monitoring of the presence of the equipment ground.

3.43Coulombic (Ampere-Hour) Efficiency—The ampere-hours removed from a cell or battery during a discharge

divided by the ampere hours required to restore the initial capacity.

3.44Coupler—A device connected to the electric vehicle supply equipment that transfers power to the electric

vehicle for charging the energy storage system and permits the exchange of information between the electric vehicle and the electric vehicle’s supply equipment (see Charge Connector and EV Connector).

3.45Current Collector—The part of an electrode that conducts electrons.

3.46Cutoff Voltage (V)—The battery voltage at which charge or discharge is terminated.

3.47CV—See constant voltage charging.

3.48Cycle—The period commencing from the start of one charge/discharge to the start of the next charge/

discharge where said period includes discharge time, open-circuit time, and charge time. The depth of discharge (or percentage of capacity) associated with each cycle must be specified.

3.49Cycle Life—The number of cycles, each to specified discharge and charge termination criteria, under a

specified charge and discharge regime, that a battery can undergo before failing to meet its specified end-of-life criteria.

3.50Deep Discharge—A qualitative term indicating the withdrawal of a significant percentage of capacity (typically,

80% or more).

3.51Depth of Discharge (%)—The number of ampere hours withdrawn from a battery or cell divided by its rated

capacity at the test current and temperature and expressed as a percentage.

3.52Derived Peak Power (W)—An estimate of the maximum power capability of a cell or battery calculated from

the results of power profile tests specified by the Dynamic Capacity Test (SAE) and the Dynamic Stress Test (USABC).

3.53Discharge—Conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy within a cell or battery by the passage of

direct current.

3.54Discharge Profile—Schedule used for cell or battery discharge that follows a particular current, voltage or

power versus time sequence.

3.55Discharge Rate (A)—The current during discharge of a cell or battery.

3.56Discharge Segment—A contiguous subsection of a discharge regime.

3.57Discharge Step—A change from one power level to another in a discharge regime.

3.58Discharge Voltage Limit—The minimum voltage permitted under load during specified performance tests.

3.59DOD—See depth-of-discharge.

3.60Driving Profile—A vehicle speed-versus-time schedule that is used to test vehicle and battery characteristics.

3.61Dynamic Capacity Test (DCT)—A variable-power discharge test developed by SAE to simulate the expected

duty cycle of an electric vehicle battery.

3.62Dynamic Stress Test (DST)—A variable-power discharge test developed by USABC to simulate the expected

duty cycle of an electric vehicle battery.

3.63Electric Vehicle (EV)—A vehicle powered solely by energy stored in an electrochemical device.

3.64Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)—The conductors, including the ungrounded, grounded, and

equipment grounding conductors, the electric vehicle connectors, attachment plugs, and all other fittings, devices, power outlets, and other components intended to deliver energy to an electric vehicle.

3.65Electrode—The conducting body that contains active materials and through which current enters or leaves a

cell.

3.66Electrolyte—The medium that provides ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes of a cell. It

may participate directly in the charge/discharge reactions.

3.67End of Life—When a cell or battery fails to meet specified capacity or power performance criteria under

specified test criteria.

3.68Energy Capacity—See energy output.

3.69Energy Density (Wh/L)—The rated energy of a battery (Wh) divided by the total battery volume (L). Also

known as volumetric energy density.

3.70Energy (Watt-Hour, Round Trip) Efficiency (%)—The energy delivered by a cell or battery during a

discharge divided by the total energy required for restoration of the initial capacity.

3.71Energy Output (Wh)—The total watt-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under specified

operating conditions (such as temperature, rate, age, stand time, and discharge cutoff criteria).

3.72Equalization—The process of restoring all cells in a battery or pack to approximately the same state-of-

charge.

3.73Equipment Ground (Grounding Conductor)—A conductor used to connect the non-current-carrying metal

parts of the EV supply equipment to the system grounded conductor, the grounding electrode conductor, or both at the service equipment.

3.74EV Charging System—The equipment required to condition and transfer energy from the constant frequency,

constant voltage supply network to the direct current, variable voltage EV traction battery bus for the purpose of charging the battery and/or operating vehicle electrical systems while connected.

3.75EV Connector—Off-board component used to interface with the vehicle-mounted EV inlet to supply power

and provide communication interface.

3.76EV Inlet—Vehicle-mounted component which interfaces with the EV connector to receive power and provide

communication interface (also called a charge port).

3.77Failure Criteria—Specific cell or battery performance characteristics that indicate the cell or battery can no

longer perform its intended function.

3.78Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS)—The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) urban dynamometer

driving schedule, as defined in 40 CFR, paragraph 86.115-78. A velocity-versus-time profile defined by the EPA to test for vehicle emissions and city fuel economy.

3.79Finishing Charge Rate (A)—The current specified for completing the charging of a cell or battery that is

nearing the fully charged condition.

3.80Flame Arrestors—Devices located at the outlet(s) of a battery venting system designed to prevent damage of

the battery system from an external spark or flame that could ignite gases within the battery system under normal operating conditions.

3.81Float Charge—Charging a cell or battery at a fixed voltage for extended periods of time to obtain or maintain

the fully charged condition.

3.82Formation—The initial charging process during which cell or battery active material are transformed into the

constituents required for proper electrochemical operation.

3.83Gassing—The evolution of gas from one or both of the electrodes in a cell.

3.84Gradeability—The maximum percent grade which the vehicle can traverse for a specified time at a specified

speed at a specified weight.

3.85High Voltage—Any wiring system which contains one or more circuits operating between 60 V DC or AC RMS

and 600 V DC or AC RMS.

3.86Inductive Charging System—A charging system that transfers power across a two part transformer and

rectifies that power into DC voltage to the batteries.

3.87Insertion Force (N)—The force required to fully insert a set of mating components.

3.88Internal Impedance (ohm)—A measure of the opposition to alternating current flow under specified

conditions.

3.89Internal Resistance (ohm)—A measure of the opposition to direct current flow

3.90Level 1 Charging—A charging method that allows an electric vehicle to be connected to the most common

grounded receptacle (e.g., in the USA, 120 VAC Nominal, 60 Hz, 15A, 1-phase).

3.91Level 2 Charging—A charging method that utilizes dedicated electric vehicle supply equipment in either

private or public locations. In the USA, the maximum power supplied for level 2 charging is 208 or 240 VAC Nominal, 60 Hz, 40A, 1-phase or 3-phase.

3.92Level 3 Charging—A charging method that utilizes dedicated electric vehicle supply equipment to provide DC

energy from an appropriate off-vehicle charger to the electric vehicle. In the USA, the maximum power supplied for level 3 charging equipment should be in the range of 25 KW to 160 KW, 208 to 600 VAC Nominal,

60 Hz, 3-phase.

3.93Minimum Discharge voltage—See Discharge Voltage Limit.

3.94Module—See battery module.

3.95Negative Electrode—Of the two electrodes composing a cell, the electrode at which the associated half-cell

reaction has the lower potential. It is negative in voltage compared to the other electrode of the cell. It is the electrode at which oxidation occurs during discharge of the cell.

3.96Net Ampere-Hours (Ah)—For a discharge test including both negative (discharge) and positive (regen)

current or power steps, the difference between the Ah removed from the battery during discharge steps and the Ah returned to the battery during regen steps, regardless of battery charge acceptance.

3.97Nominal Operating Voltage (V)—The voltage of a battery, as specified by the manufacturer, discharging at a

specified rate and temperature.

3.98Nonaqueous Electrolyte Batteries—Cells or batteries with electrolytes that are not water based, such as

those with molten salts or organic electrolytes.

3.99Nonvented Batteries—A hermetically sealed battery comprised of one or more rechargeable cells that has no

provision for venting, or the addition of water or electrolyte, or for the external measurement of specific gravity.

3.100Open Circuit After Charge {OCAC} (h)—The period during which the battery is placed on open-circuit

following a charge.

3.101Open Circuit After Discharge {OCAD} (h)—The period during which the battery is placed on open-circuit

following a discharge.

3.102Open-Circuit Voltage {OCV} {V}—The voltage of a cell or battery at a specified state-of-charge and

temperature in the absence of charge or discharge current.

3.103Operating Temperature(°C)—The temperature range in which a component is designed to operate under

normal conditions.

3.104Overcharge (Ah)—The amount by which the charge in ampere-hours exceeds the ampere-hours removed

on the previous discharge from a fully charged condition.

3.105Overcurrent Protection Device—A fuse, circuit breaker, intelligent contactor, or other device placed in an

electrical circuit to provide current overload protection.

3.106Pack—See battery pack.

3.107Peak Power (W)—The maximum power obtainable from a cell or battery for a specified period of time when

discharged at constant current (or power), generally determined as a function of depth of discharge.

3.108Peak Power Density (W/L)—The peak power available from a cell or battery divided by its volume.

3.109Performance Degradation—The extent to which the battery system is unable to meet the original

performance specification or rating established for the battery.

3.110Peukert Curve—A plot of the logarithm of discharge current versus the logarithm of discharge time to a

specified end-of-discharge voltage.

3.111Polarization (Battery) {V}—The electrical potential deviation from equilibrium open-circuit voltage caused

by the passage of current in a cell or battery.

3.112Positive Electrode—Of the two electrodes comprising a cell, the electrode at which the associated half-cell

reaction has the higher potential. It is positive in voltage relative to the other electrode of the cell. It is the electrode at which reduction occurs during discharge of the cell.

3.113Power Continuous (W)—A power level characteristic of a battery providing constant power for constant-

speed vehicle operation.

3.114Power Density (W/L)—The rated power of the battery (W) divided by the total volume of the battery (L).

Also known as volumetric power density.

3.115Power-to-Energy Ratio {P/E}—Ratio of the peak power obtained under specified conditions, such as

depth-of-discharge, to the energy output obtained under specified discharge conditions.

3.116Powertrain—The elements of a propulsion system that convert electrical energy from a battery to

mechanical energy at the wheels of a vehicle. It includes all drivetrain components plus an electrical power inverter and/or controller, but not the battery system.

3.117Propulsion System—The combination of the powertrain and energy supply system.

3.118Ragone Curve—A plot of specific energy as a function of the continuous specific power at which the battery

is discharged. Originally defined as the set of curves ranging between the high-power design and the high-energy design for a particular technology.

3.119Range (km)—The maximum distance that an electric vehicle can travel on a single battery charge over a

specified driving cycle. Alternatively, the distance reached when a specified minimum level of performance or other characteristic (such as battery depth of discharge) is attained.

3.120Rate (A)—The constant current at which the battery will discharge in 3 h from full capacity to 100% depth of

discharge.

3.121Rated Capacity (Ah)—The manufacturer's specification of the total number of ampere-hours that can be

withdrawn from a fully charged cell or battery for a specified set of test conditions such as discharge rate, temperature, discharge cutoff voltage, etc.

3.122Rated Current (A)—Current level (or levels) in amperes at which a device is designed to operate for a

specified duty cycle.

3.123Rated Open-Circuit Voltage (V)—The manufacturer's specification for the open-circuit voltage of a fully

charged cell or battery.

3.124Rated Power (KW)—The manufacturer's specification of power capability for a cell or battery under

specified conditions

3.125Rated Voltage (V)—Voltage range at which a device is designed to operate.

3.126Recharge Factor—The inverse of the coulombic efficiency, expressed as a ratio, for a cycle.

3.127Reference Performance Tests (RPT)—A set of tests to be performed periodically to monitor performance

degradation during life-cycle testing.

3.128Regen (W)—The power delivered to a battery during regenerative braking.

3.129Regenerative Braking—The partial recovery of the energy normally dissipated in friction braking that is

returned as electrical current to an energy storage device. Also known as regen braking.

3.130Residual Capacity (Ah)—The number of ampere-hours that can be discharged from a cell or battery at a

specified discharge rate and temperature after it has been exposed to specified conditions such as driving-profile or open-circuit stand tests.

3.131Reversal—Forced discharge of a cell or battery to the point that the cell's electrical terminals change polarity

and beyond the point where the active material can usefully deliver energy.

3.132Sealed Battery—An enclosed battery comprised of one or more rechargeable cells which has provision for

pressure release venting but no provision for the addition of water, electrolyte, or the external measurement of electrolyte specific gravity.

3.133Secondary Cell or Battery—A cell or battery capable of being charged and discharged repeatedly. Also

known as a rechargeable cell or battery.

3.134Self-Discharge—The process by which the available capacity of a cell or battery is spontaneously reduced

by undesirable chemical reactions or electrical short circuits within the cell.

3.135Separator—A cell component placed between the negative and positive electrodes, which acts as an

electrical insulator and an ionic conductor.

3.136Service Life (years or cycles)—A general term that describes the length of time a battery can remain in

service. Service life can be specified in terms of either time or duty cycles.

3.137Short-Circuit Current (A)—The current delivered when a supply source is short-circuited (i.e., the positive

and negative terminals are directly connected with a low-resistance conductor), e.g., a cell, battery, or pack.

3.138Specific Energy (Wh/kg)—The discharge energy capacity of the battery divided by the battery system

mass under specified discharge conditions.

3.139Specific Gravity—The density of a substance divided by the density of pure water, both at specified

temperatures.

3.140Specific Power (W/kg)—The rated power divided by the cell or battery mass.

3.141State of Charge (SOC) (%)—Obtained by subtracting the depth of discharge from 100.

3.142Temperature Coefficient—The ratio of the change in available capacity because of a battery temperature

change (per degree Celsius) relative to the available capacity at a specified temperature.

3.143Throughput (Wh)—Total energy output provided by a battery over its life. It is the sum of all the energy

delivered over all the discharges that the battery has provided.

3.144Trickle Charge (A)—Low-rate charging current applied to a battery to maintain full charge, cause electrolyte

stirring, or compensate for self-discharge.

3.145Utilization (%)—The percentage by weight of the limiting active material present in an electrode, cell, or

battery that is electrochemically available for discharge at useful voltages.

3.146Valve Regulated Battery—See sealed battery.

3.147Voltaic Efficiency (%)—The average voltage during discharge of a cell or battery divided by the average

voltage during charge required to restore the initial capacity.

4.Notes

4.1Marginal indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating

areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.

PREPARED BY THE SAE ELECTRIC VEHICLE FORUM COMMITTEE

Rationale—This document was originally published in 1994. This revision eliminated several definitions that were not specific to electric vehicles and are defined elsewhere. In addition, the document was completely revised such that all of the terms are now in alphabetical order. All of this was done as part of the 5 year review and revision process.

Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—Not applicable.

Application—This SAE Information Report contains definitions for electric vehicle terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other electric vehicle documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices. Hybrid electric vehicle terminology will be covered in future revisions of this document or as a separate document.

Reference Section

SAE J670e—Vehicle Dynamics Terminology, latest revision

NFPA 30—Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

40 CFR paragraph 86.115-78—Control of emissions from new and in-use highway vehicles and engines

49 CFR Ch V, Section 571—Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

ANSI/IEEE 100—Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms, latest revision

JEVS Z 805—Glossary of Terms Relating to Electric Vehicles, latest revision

NIST (For definitions of SI units of measurement - mass, EMF, current, power, etc.)

SAND88-2852 * UC-212—Glossary of Testing Terminology for Rechargeable Batteries, latest revision Developed by the SAE Electric Vehicle Forum

新能源车专用名词

混合动力车Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) 纯电动汽车（EV）Pure electric vehicle (EV) 燃料电池汽车（FCEV）Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) ISG Intergrated starting/Generator 康明斯发动机型号：ISBe4+225B 其中，“IS”表示电控系统，“F\B\L\M\X”表示系列，“E”表示欧洲排放， “135\225\360”表示马力，“30”表示欧3排放，“B”表示适用于客车，“H”表示适用于混合动力车辆。 DOC-氧化催化器,SCR-选择性催化还原,CEGR-冷却式废气再循环,DPF-颗粒物滤清器, EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation)废气再循环系统Filtration

OBD-驾驶室内系统显示屏（车载诊断）：In-Cab System Display (On Board Diagnostics) Feature benefit Interact SOC-电池容量，State of charge BMS 方案

Pack 组合 2、电池箱的结构原理 电池组包括2 个电池箱。第一个包括6 个模块，第二个包括5 个模块。每个模块是由10 串3 并电池电源组成，每一个模块提供32V 标称电压的。这些模块牢固安装在电池箱的底部。除了空气进口和出口，每个电池箱都按照IP66 标准设计防止水和灰尘。 3、电池箱的通风、散热、防尘、防雨及御寒方案等 为了延长电池组寿命，使电池组处于最加佳工作范围，冷却系统采取从车箱或空调管直接取风的方式。此外，电池箱具备内部加热机制，加热电池箱至最佳工作范围。当温度调节装置完全工作时，电池温度应能5 分钟内达到最佳工作温度。 冷却和加热系统设计： 4、电池箱与整车的接口： 电气接口：管理系统+24V，Key-On 信号，CAN 总线(连接器待定) 。 机械接口： 固定：车辆提供两个电池箱的顶部固定架。 进风口：车辆提供符合Atieva 尺寸要求的进风口。建议进风口布置在电池箱后部，如上图所 示。进风口应连接到空调车厢或直接连接到空调管道。出风口布置布置在电池箱前部。 顶盖：车辆应该提供绝热的顶盖，防止电池箱受阳光直射，减少电池箱外部温度变化5、其它：

电动汽车传导式充电接口(QCT841—2010).(DOC)

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Air-pollution空气污染 Air-reserve tank储气筒 Air spring空气弹簧 Air supply system空气供给系统 Air suspension空气悬吊 Alternator发电机 Annulus内齿轮，环轮 Anti-lock brake system防止煞车死锁系统Antifreeze compounds防冻剂 Armature电枢 Asbestos石棉 Aspect ratio高宽比 Atmosphere大气 Automatic transmission自动变速箱Automatic transmission fluid自动变速箱油Automobile汽车 Automotive汽车的 Auxiliary-air device辅助空气装置 Axle车轴 Axle bearing车轴轴承 Backlash后座力 Baffle plate导流板

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G B T24548-2009燃料电池电动汽车术语 1范围 本标准规定了与燃料电池电动汽车相关的术语及其定义。 本标准适用于使用气态氢的燃料电池电动汽车整车及部件。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB/T19596电动汽车术语 GB/T20042.1质子交换膜燃料电池术语 3术语和定义 GB/T19596和GB/T20042.1中确立的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。 3.1通用术语 3.1.1 燃料电池fuelcell 将外部供应的燃料和氧化剂中的化学能通过电化学反应直接转化为电能、热能和其他反应产物的发电装置。 3.1.2 燃料电池电动汽车fuelcellelectdcvehicle；FCEV 以燃料电池系统作为动力源或主动力源的汽车。 3.1.3 冷启动coldstart 在充分的浸车之后，在标准环境温度进行启动。 注：对于一个测试程序，一般推荐浸车时间应该是在12h到36h之间，浸车期间车辆不应该启动，且应保持在规定的温度范围内。 3.1.4 热启动hotstart 关机后启动，此时燃料电池系统的温度还在其正常工作温度范围内。 3.1.5 启动时间start-uptime 在启动程序初始化后，燃料电池系统达到规定输出功率的时间。 注：包括热启动时间和冷启动时间。 3.1.6 运行压力operatingpressure 系统在工作时的压力。 3.1.7 减压depressurize 将高压压力容器或管路中的压力降低至工作所需压力的过程。 3.1.8 燃料放空defuel 将压力容器或其他管路内的燃料排空的过程。 3.1.9 吹扫purge 借助外部条件把燃料电池电堆及管路进行排空的过程。 尾气offgas；tailgas

完整版附录电动汽车术语和缩略语

电动汽车的术语和英文缩写 一、电动汽车术语 1．电动汽车electric vehicle=EV 2．纯电动汽车battery electric vehicle=BEV 由电动机驱动的汽车。电动机的驱动电能来源于车载可充电蓄电池或其他能量储存装置。3．混合动力电动）汽车hybrid electric vehicle=HEV 够至少从可消耗的燃料或可再充电能（能量储存装置）下述两类车载储存的能量中获得动力的汽车 4．串联式混合动力（电动）汽车series hybrid electric vehicle=SHEV 车辆的驱。动力只来源于电动机的混合动力（电动）汽车。 5．并联式混合动力（电动）汽车parallel hybrid electric vehicle=PHEV 车辆的驱动力由电动机及发动机同时或单独供给的混合动力（电动）汽车。6．混联式合动力（电动）汽车combined hybrid electric vehicle 同时具有串联式、并联式驱动方式的混合动力（电动）汽车。 7．燃料电池电动汽车fuel cell electric vehicle=FCEV 以燃料电池作为动力电源的汽车。 8．辅助系统auxiliary system 驱动系统以外的其它用电或采用电能操纵的车载系统。例如灯具、风窗玻璃刮水电机、音响等。 9. 车载能源on-board energy soure 变换器和储能装置的组合。 10. 驱动系统propulsion system 车载能源和动力系的组合。 11. 动力系powertrain 动力单元与传动系的组合。 12. 前后方向控制器drive direction control 通过驾驶员操作，用来选择汽车行驶方向（前进或后退）的专用装置。例如操纵杆或按钮开关。 13. 电池承载装置battery carrier 为承放动力蓄电池而设置的装置。有移动式和固定式之分。 14．电平台electrical chassis 一组电气相联的可导电部分，其电位作为基准电位。 15．动力电缆power cable 构成驱动用电动机动力电路的电线。16．充电插孔charging inlet 在车身上安装充电用插座（传导式充电）或充电口（感应式充电）的装置。 17．断路器circuit breaker 当电路异常时，切断电路的装置。 18．储能装置energy storage 电动汽车上安装的能够储存电能的装置，包括所有动力蓄电池、超级电容和飞轮电池等或其组合。19．带电部分live part 正常使用时被通电的导体或导电部分。 20．可导电部分conductive part 能够使电流通过的部分。 注尽管它在正常的工作状态下不带电，但当基本绝缘失效的情况下可能成为带电部分。21．外露可导电部分exposed conductive part 按照GB4208规定，可以通过IPXXB （防护等级代码）试指触及的可导电部件。注本概念是针对特定的电路而言，一个电路中的带电部分也许是另一个电路中的外露导体。例如乘用车车身可能是辅助电路的带电部分，但对于动力电路来说它是外露的导体。 22．主开关main switch 用于开关动力蓄电池和控制其主电路的开关。 23．绝缘电阻监测系统度insulation resistance monitoring system 对动力蓄电池和车辆底盘之间的绝

附录：电动汽车术语和缩略语

附录 电动汽车的术语和英文缩写 一、电动汽车术语 1．电动汽车 electric vehicle=EV 2．纯电动汽车battery electric vehicle=BEV 由电动机驱动的汽车。电动机的驱动电能来源于车载可充电蓄电池或其他能量储存装置。3．混合动力电动）汽车hybrid electric vehicle=HEV 够至少从可消耗的燃料或可再充电能（能量储存装置）下述两类车载储存的能量中获得动力的汽车 4．串联式混合动力（电动）汽车series hybrid electric vehicle=SHEV 车辆的驱。动力只来源于电动机的混合动力（电动）汽车。 5．并联式混合动力（电动）汽车parallel hybrid electric vehicle=PHEV 车辆的驱动力由电动机及发动机同时或单独供给的混合动力（电动）汽车。 6．混联式合动力（电动）汽车combined hybrid electric vehicle 同时具有串联式、并联式驱动方式的混合动力（电动）汽车。 7．燃料电池电动汽车fuel cell electric vehicle=FCEV 以燃料电池作为动力电源的汽车。 8．辅助系统 auxiliary system 驱动系统以外的其它用电或采用电能操纵的车载系统。例如灯具、风窗玻璃刮水电机、音响等。 9.车载能源 on-board energy soure 变换器和储能装置的组合。 10.驱动系统 propulsion system 车载能源和动力系的组合。 11.动力系 powertrain 动力单元与传动系的组合。 12.前后方向控制器drive direction control 通过驾驶员操作，用来选择汽车行驶方向（前进或后退）的专用装置。例如操纵杆或按钮开关。 13.电池承载装置 battery carrier 为承放动力蓄电池而设置的装置。有移动式和固定式之分。 14．电平台 electrical chassis 一组电气相联的可导电部分，其电位作为基准电位。 15．动力电缆 power cable 构成驱动用电动机动力电路的电线。 16．充电插孔 charging inlet 在车身上安装充电用插座（传导式充电）或充电口（感应式充电）的装置。 17．断路器 circuit breaker 当电路异常时，切断电路的装置。 18．储能装置 energy storage 电动汽车上安装的能够储存电能的装置，包括所有动力蓄电池、超级电容和飞轮电池等或其

汽车配件英语单词

汽车配件英语（按字母顺序排列） A-arm (悬架)A形臂=wishbone abbreviation(s) 缩略语 ability 能力，性能，本领 absolute 绝对的．纯粹的．无条件的 absolute pressure sensor 绝对压力传感器 absorber①减振(震]器．阻尼器②吸声层．吸收器(剂) absorption ①吸收，（取，附) accelerating 加速(的) accelerating ability 加速能力 acceleration ①加速(过程．作用) ②加速度acceleration cable 加速踏板拉索．节气门拉索acceleration capability 加速性能 acceleration-dependent 与加速相关的，依赖加速的acceleration enrichment (混合气)加速加浓 air baffle①挡风板，折流板②(风冷发动机)导风板air bag/airbag安全气囊 air-bag assembly 安全气囊组件 air bag module ①同上②安全气囊控制模块 air bellow (波纹式)空气箱 air bellows (空气悬架)空气弹簧(气囊) air bleed 放气(孔) air bleeder 放气阀 air brake 气压制动(器) air brake cylinder 气压制动缸，制动气室 air brake(braking) system 气压制动系 air cell 空(蓄]气室 air cell chamber (柴油机)空气室燃烧室 air chamber 空气腔 air charge 空气充入，进气 air charge temperature 进气温度 air cleaner 空气滤清器 air-cleaner cover 空气滤清器盖 air compressor 空气压缩机，空压机 air conditioner 空调装置，空调 air conditioning ①同上②空气调节 air control ①空气调节②(压缩空气)气动控制③(客厢通风)风量调节杆，风量控制 air-controlled 压缩空气操纵的，气动的 air control valve 空气控制阀 air-cooled 空气冷却的，风冷的 air cooler 空气冷却器 air cooling 空气冷却，风冷 air cushion 气垫，安全气囊 air cutoff valve (二次)空气切断阀 air damper ①空气阻尼器，气动缓冲器②空气活门，风门 air dam skirt ①(汽车空气动力学)阻风板②导流板，阻风板，风挡 air deficiency (进气系统)空气不足 air deflector ①导流板，气流(偏)导板②(货车驾驶室)导风板，导流罩 air density 空气密度 air director 导风罩 air distribution 空气(风量]分配 air door ①空气阀门(闸板] ②(客厢通风)风门，空气节气门 air drier 空气干燥器 air-driven 气(压驱)动的，风动的 air-dry 气干的 air duct 风管，空气(导，输送)管 air-fast 不透气的，密封的 air filter 空气滤清器 airflow ①(空)气流②空气流量 air flow meter(sensor）空气流量计 air/fuel (进气系统)空气／燃油 air-fuel mixture (进气系统)空气、燃油混合气，(可燃)混合气 air／fuel ratio 空燃比 air funnel ①空气道②(连续燃油喷射)空气漏斗③(进气系统)进气喇叭口 air gap ①气隙②(火花塞)跳火间隙 air gauge 气压表 air horn ①气喇叭②(化油器)上盖，进气口(=air inlet) air-hydraulic 气动液压的 air injection ①空气喷射②(排放控制系)二次空气喷射 air injection diverter 二次空气喷射分流器 air injection pump (二次)空气喷射泵 air injection reactor 二次空气喷射反应器 air inlet ①空气进口②进气 air intake ①进气②空气吸入孔，进气管 air intake door (空调)空气进气节气门 air intake heater 进气加热器 air intake system 进气系统 airless injection 机械压力喷射 air lever (通风／控制器)空气控制杆 air management 空气管理 air mass (进气系统)空气质量，进气质量 air-mass flow 进气质量流量 air mass meter(sensor）质量型空气流量计 air(-)meter 空气流量计 air mixture door (空调器)空气混合风门 air-out 出气，出气口 air outlet ①空气出口，出气口②空气排(流，放]出air-over hydraulic ①气动-液压系统(俗称气顶油) ②气动液压的 air over hydraulic brake system 气动液压制动系 air-powered (压缩)空气驱动的，气动的 air pressure 气压，大气压力 air pressure horn 气喇叭 airproof 密封的，气密的，不漏气的 air rate 空气流量 air reservoir 储气筒，空气储存容器 air shield=air deflector angular velocity 角速度 annular groove 环(形)槽 annular opening 环形孔 annulus ①内齿轮，(齿)圈，(行星齿轮系)内齿圈②环形物，环形套筒 antenna 天线 anti-dazzle 【动，名】防眩(目)

汽车零配件词汇表

发动机垫片及缸盖 气缸垫：Cylinder Head Gasket 气缸盖垫片修理包：Head Gasket Set 发动机垫片修理包：Full Gasket Set 气门室盖垫：Valve Cover Gasket 其他垫片：Other Gasket 进气管垫：Intake Manifold Gasket 排气管垫：Exhaust Manifold Gasket 油底壳垫：Oil Pan Gasket 发动机缸盖：Cylinder Head 缸盖螺栓：Cylinder Head Bolt 机油导流板：Oil Scraper Plate 机油口盖：Oil Filler Cap 气门油封：Valve Stem Seal 发动机支架胶垫：Engine Mount 配气机构： 空气滤清器:Air Filter 消声器吊胶：Muffler Hanger 空滤器缓冲胶：Muffler Hanger 进气管：Intake Pipe 消声器：Silencer 排气管弹簧：Exhaust Pipe Spring 排气管螺栓：Exhaust Pipe Bolt 消声器夹：Muffler Clamp 排气管：Exhaust Pipe 怠速控制阀：Idle Control Valve 废气再循环阀：Egr Valve 涡轮增压器：Turbocharger 节气门：Throttle Body 润滑系： 机油滤清器：Oil Filter 机油泵：Oil Pump 油底壳：Oil Pan 机油尺导管：Oil Dipstick 机油冷却器：Oil Cooler 排油塞:Oil Drain Plug 机油泵驱动链条：Chain,Oil Pump Drive 机油滤清器壳：Oil Filter Housing 曲轴及凸轮轴： 曲轴：Crankshaft 连杆：Con Rod 轴瓦：Con Rod Bearing 止推片：Thrust Washer 曲轴油封：Crankshaft Oil Seal 缸套：Cylinder Liners 活塞环：Piston Rings 活塞：Piston 活塞修理包：Piston Kit 通风管：Breather Hose 凸轮轴齿：Camshaft Gear 凸轮轴:Camshaft 曲轴齿轮：Crankshaft Gear 飞轮：Flywheel 机油泵驱动齿轮：Intermediate Gear For oil pump drive 燃油系统 油门线：Accelerator Cable 汽油滤清器：Fuel Filter 汽油泵：Fuel Pump 止动泵：Shut-off Valve 油管：Fuel Hose 燃油压力调节器：Fuel Pressure Control Valve 油气分离器：Vapour Separator 空气流量计：Air Mass Meter 化油器法兰：Carburetor Flange 汽油浮子：Fuel Float 油箱盖：Fuel Tank Cap 化油器垫片修理包：Carburetor Gasket Set 喷嘴：Nozzle 喷油嘴：Injection Valve 滤网：Fuel Pump Strainer 时规控制： 气门挺杆：Valve Tappet 气门摇臂：Rocker Arm 气门导管：Valve Guide 时规导轨：Guide Rail 正时链条：Timing Chain 正时齿轮：Timing Gear 进气门：Inlet Valve 排气门：Exhaust Valve

电动汽车标准及技术规范列表

电动汽车标准及技术规范 G19596《GB/T 19596-2004 电动汽车术语》 G18388《GB/T 18388-2005 电动汽车定型试验规程》 GBT 28382-2012 纯电动乘用车技术条件 G18384《GB18384.1~3-2001 电动汽车安全要求》 1)GBT 18384.1-2001 电动汽车安全要求第1部分：车载储能装置 2)GB T 18384.2-2001 电动汽车安全要求第2部分：功能安全和故障防护 3)GBT 18384.3-2001 电动汽车安全要求第3部分：人员触电防护 G18385《GB/T 18385-2005 电动汽车动力性能试验方法》 G18386《GB/T 18386-2005 电动汽车能量消耗率和续驶里程试验方法》 G18387《GB/T 18387-2008 电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法,宽带,9kHz～30MHz》 GBT 18488.1-2006 电动汽车用电机及其控制器第1部分技术条件 GBT 18488.2-2006 电动汽车用电机及其控制器第2部分试验条件 QC 743-2006-T 《QC 743-2006-T 电动道路车辆用锂离子蓄电池》 G18487.2《GB/T18487.2-2001 电动车辆与交流/直流电源的连接要求》 GBT 24347-2009 电动汽车DC∕DC变换器 G19836《GB/T 19836-2005 电动汽车用仪表》 G4094.2《GB/T4094.2-2005 电动汽车操纵件、指示器及信号装置的标志》 G18332.1《GB/T 18332.1-2009 电动道路车辆用铅酸蓄电池》 G18332.2《GB/T 18332.2-2001 电动道路车辆用金属氢化物镍蓄电池》 G18333.2《GB/T 18333.2-2001 电动道路车辆用锌空气蓄电池》 G18487.1《GB/T18487.1-2001 电动车辆传导充电系统：一般要求》 G18487.3《GB/T18487.3-2001 电动车辆交流/直流充电机（站）》 G18488.1《GB/T 18488.1-2006 电动汽车用电机及其控制器第1部分:技术条件》 G18488.2《GB/T 18488.2-2006 电动汽车用电机及其控制器第2部分:试验方法》 G19750《GB/T 19750-2005 混合动力电动汽车定型试验规程》 G19751《GB/T 19751-2005 混合动力电动汽车安全要求》

T燃料电池电动汽车术语

T燃料电池电动汽车术 语 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

G B T24548-2009燃料电池电动汽车术语1范围 本标准规定了与燃料电池电动汽车相关的术语及其定义。 本标准适用于使用气态氢的燃料电池电动汽车整车及部件。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB/T19596电动汽车术语 GB/T20042.1质子交换膜燃料电池术语 3术语和定义 GB/T19596和GB/T20042.1中确立的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。 3.1通用术语 3.1.1 燃料电池fuelcell 将外部供应的燃料和氧化剂中的化学能通过电化学反应直接转化为电能、热能和其他反应产物的发电装置。 3.1.2 燃料电池电动汽车fuelcellelectdcvehicle；FCEV 以燃料电池系统作为动力源或主动力源的汽车。 3.1.3

冷启动coldstart 在充分的浸车之后，在标准环境温度进行启动。 注：对于一个测试程序，一般推荐浸车时间应该是在12h到36h之间，浸车期间车辆不应该启动，且应保持在规定的温度范围内。 3.1.4 热启动hotstart 关机后启动，此时燃料电池系统的温度还在其正常工作温度范围内。 3.1.5 启动时间start-uptime 在启动程序初始化后，燃料电池系统达到规定输出功率的时间。 注：包括热启动时间和冷启动时间。 3.1.6 运行压力operatingpressure 系统在工作时的压力。 3.1.7 减压depressurize 将高压压力容器或管路中的压力降低至工作所需压力的过程。 3.1.8 燃料放空defuel 将压力容器或其他管路内的燃料排空的过程。 3.1.9 吹扫purge 借助外部条件把燃料电池电堆及管路进行排空的过程。

汽车零部件英语

汽车零部件英语 (外部)车身bodywork引擎盖bonnet开关类： Switch外后视镜wing mirror蜂鸣器： Buzzer挡风玻璃windscreen内后视镜rearview mirror雨刮windscreen wiper 车门door预热塞： Glow Plug仪表： Combination Meter灯泡： Bulb灯类： Lamp行李箱boot行李箱车门tailgate轮胎tyre车轮wheel前灯headlight 保险杠bumper车牌licence plate转向灯indicator车顶roof车顶行李架roofrack 天窗sunroof备用胎spare tyre曲柄wrench千斤顶jack固定螺母wheel nuts(内部)安全带seat belt儿童座椅child seat后座back seat扶手armrest座椅头枕headrest门锁door lock车门把手handle方向盘steering wheel喇叭horn仪表盘dashboard应急灯hazard lights卫星导航仪satelite navigation温度计temperature gauge转速表rev counter车速表speedometer油量表fuel gauge车灯开关lights switch里程表odometer点火线圈： Ignition Coil继电器： Relay倒车雷达： Reverse Sensor电池充电器： Battery Charger闪光器： Flasher省电器： Energy Saving Unit端子： Terminal电动座椅装置：

汽车配件英语词汇大全汇编

汽车配件英语（按字母顺序排列）A-arm (悬架)A形臂=wishbone abbreviation(s)缩略语 ability能力，性能，本领 absolute绝对的．纯粹的．无条件的 absolute pressure sensor绝对压力传感器 absorber①减振(震]器．阻尼器②吸声层．吸收器(剂) absorption①吸收，（取，附) accelerating加速(的) accelerating ability加速能力 acceleration①加速(过程．作用)②加速度 acceleration cable加速踏板拉索．节气门拉索acceleration capability加速性能 acceleration-dependent与加速相关的，依赖加速的acceleration enrichment (混合气)加速加浓 air baffle①挡风板，折流板②(风冷发动机)导风板 air bag/airbag安全气囊 air-bag assembly安全气囊组件 air bag module①同上②安全气囊控制模块 air bellow(波纹式)空气箱

air bellows (空气悬架)空气弹簧(气囊) air bleed放气(孔) air bleeder放气阀 air brake气压制动(器) air brake cylinder气压制动缸，制动气室 air brake(braking) system气压制动系 air cell空(蓄]气室 air cell chamber (柴油机)空气室燃烧室 air chamber空气腔 air charge空气充入，进气 air charge temperature进气温度 air cleaner空气滤清器 air-cleaner cover空气滤清器盖 air compressor空气压缩机，空压机 air conditioner空调装置，空调 air conditioning①同上②空气调节 aircontrol①空气调节②(压缩空气)气动控制③(客厢通风)风量调节杆，风量控制 air-controlled压缩空气操纵的，气动的 air control valve空气控制阀 air-cooled空气冷却的，风冷的

电动汽车动力匹配设计规范

XXXXXX Q/XXX X X X X X X X X X X有限公司企业标准 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 电动汽车动力匹配设计规范 XXXX-XX -XX 发布 XXXX-XX -XX 实施 XXXXXXXX有限公司发布

Q/XXX XXXXXXX-201X 目次 前言 (Ⅱ) 1 范围 (1) 2 规范性引用文件 (1) 3 术语和定义 (1) 4 技术要求 (3) 4.1 评价指标 (3) 4.2 计算方法 (4) 4.3 基础数据收集和输入 (10) 4.4 计算任务和匹配优化 (10) 4.5 计算结果输入及数据分析 (13)

Q/XXX XXXXXXX-201X 前言 我公司缺少关于动力匹配方面的设计规范，给整车动力性、经济性方面的计算造成障碍。自本规范下发之日起，本文件将指导后续工作中动力性、经济性的计算。 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由XXXX提出。 本标准由XXXX负责起草。 本标准主要起草人：XXX 本标准于XXXX年XX月首次发布。

Q/XXX XXXXXXX-201X 电动汽车动力匹配设计规范 1范围 本规范规定了电动汽车动力匹配设计规范的术语和定义、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存。 本规范适用于XXXX整车动力性能匹配与计算。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本标准，凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB/T 12534-1990 汽车道路试验方法通则 GB/T 12544-2012 汽车最高车速试验方法 GB/T 12543-2009 汽车加速性能试验方法 GB/T 18386-2005 电动汽车能量消耗率和续驶里程试验方法 GB/T 19596-2004 电动汽车术语 3术语和定义 GB/T 19596中界定的术语和定义适用于本标准。下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 续驶里程 电动汽车在动力蓄电池完全充电状态下，以已定的行驶工况，能连续行程的最大距离，单位为km。 3.2 能量消耗率 电动汽车经过规定的试验循环后动力蓄电池重新冲带你至试验前的容量，从电网上得到的电能除以行驶里程所得的值，单位为Wh/km。 3.3 最高车速 电动汽车能够往返各持续行程3 km距离的最高平均车速。 3.3 30分钟最高车速 电动汽车能够持续行驶30 min以上的最高平均车速。 3.4 加速能力V1至V2 电动汽车从速度V1加速到速度V2所需的最短时间。 3.5 爬坡车速 电动汽车在给定坡度的坡道上能够持续行驶1 km以上的最高平均车速。 3.6