考研英语：1998翻译真题精练精讲

考研英语：1998翻译真题精练精讲

一、全真试题

They were by far，the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth.

（71）But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion yeas ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe—had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang（the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy）.

（72）The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory，the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic，unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions，emitting radiation as it went，condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years，the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies，stars，plants and eventually，even humans.

Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well，the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’t have long to wait.（73）Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.

（74）If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on，the universe expanded in size by more than a trillionfold in much less than a second，propelled by a sort of antigravity.（75）Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

二、翻译题解

（71）But even more important, itwasthe farthestthatscientistshad beenable to looks into the past,forwhattheywere seeingwerethe patterns and structuresthatexisted15 billion years ago.

句子拆分：

拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词

But even more important,// it was the farthest //that scientists had been able to look into the past, // for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures // that existed 15 billion years ago.

解析：

句子结构为：主句+ for引导的原因状语从句。

for引导的原因状语从句的主语为what主语从句。

even more important为整个句子的状语

词的处理：

even more important更为重要的是（形容词短语做状语，较特殊）

the patterns and structures（宇宙云的）形状和结构

15 billion years ago 150亿年前

技巧点拨：

（1）状语But even more important直接翻译到句子最前面即可，“但更为重要的是”。

（2）第一个that为定语从句修饰the farthest，其中，the farthest为“the+形容词”表示一类人、一类事物的结构，此处需要运用增词法将其翻译完整，即“最遥远的景象”；此外that定语从句需前置。

（3）第二个that引导的定语从句结构较简单，直接前置为“（存在于）150亿年前的......”。

完整译文：

但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

（72）The existence of the giant cloudswasvirtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

句子拆分：

拆分点参考：标点符号，分词，动词不定式

The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, //first put forward in the 1920s, // to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

解析：

（1）整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...

（2）first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，为the Big Bang 的定语。

（3）不定式短语to maintain its reign为目的状语修饰require

（4）介词短语as the dominant explanation of the cosmos做状语修饰maintain 词的处理：

the giant clouds巨大的（宇宙）云

virtually事实上，实际上，实质上

the Big Bang大爆炸理论

first put forward首创的，开始提出的

in the 1920s二十年代

to maintain its reign as以保持……的地位

explanation of the cosmos对宇宙（起源论）的解释

技巧点拨：

（1）被动语态was required for，根据少用“被”翻译英文被动语态的原则，此处译为“（为）......所需要的”“是......所必不可少的”。

（2）不定式状语to maintain it reign需要调整语序，放到其所修饰的required之前，方符合汉语表达习惯。

（3）其中，状语to maintain it reign，意为“保持其统治”，貌似不完整，增词成为“保持其统治地位”；介词短语定语as the dominant explanation of the cosmos修饰reign，字面理解“作为对宇宙的主要解释”。这两部分进行组合一下就成了“保持其作为宇宙的主要解释的统治地位”，但是很别扭，可以进一步处理为“保持其对宇宙解释的统治地位”“保持其对宇宙解释的主导地位”。

（4）专有名词“the Big Bang”，没有相关知识背景的话，不是很好翻，但可以联系上下文语境找线索，发现原文中the Big Bang第一次出现时，后面有括号进行了解释说明：（the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy），因此知道这是一个理论，译为“大爆炸理论”。

（5）插入语first put forward in the 1920s可以直接翻译到其所修饰的the Big Bang 之前，即“二十年代首创的（大爆炸理论）”。

（6）短语explanation of the cosmos“宇宙解释”，可以根据全文语境引申为“宇宙起源论（的解释）”。

完整译文：

巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十世纪二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。

（73）Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instrumentsareclosing in on such structures, andmay reporttheir findings soon.

句子拆分：

拆分点参考：标点符号，并列连词

Astrophysicists //working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments // are closing in on such structures, // and may report their findings soon.

解析：

句子主干结构是：

（1）主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...

（2）分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments为主语Astrophysicists的定语。

词的处理：

astrophysicist根据其构成“astro（天文的，天体的）+physicist（物理学家）”，即天

体物理学家

working with使用，以……为工作手段

ground-based detectors陆基探测器

the South Pole南极

balloon-borne instruments球载仪器

are closing in on正越来越近

structures云系

findings观测结果

技巧点拨：

（1）work with后面直接加人，表示“与......共事”，直接加物，表示“使用，以......为工作手段”，本句中取后者；ground-based detectors at the South Pople，初步理解为“在南极的以陆地为基础的探测器”，专业用语为“在南极的陆基探测器”；balloon-borne instruments初步理解为“气球负载的仪器”，专业用语为“球载仪器”。分解了working with ....这个分词短语之后，下面进行组合，即“使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器”。最后，把这个分词短语与其修饰的名词astrophysicist组合“使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器的天体物理学家”，这样定语太长，可以进一步处理为“天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器”。

（2）are closing in on such structures中的close in on意为“越来越靠近”，此处根据语境理解为“观测，研究”。such structures若译为“这样一些结构”意思不够完整，其在原文指的是“这些云系（星云）的结构”。组合在一起就是“正在越来越近地观测这些云系”。

（3）findings意为“发现”，此处作为report的宾语，需要进一步处理为“报告发现的结果”或“报告观测的结果”。

完整译文：

天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。

（74）Ifthe small hot spotslookas expected, thatwill bea triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

句子拆分：

拆分点参考：从属连词，名词短语，

If the small hot spots look as expected, // that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, // a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

解析：

（1）主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。

（2）look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和预想的一样”。

（3）another scientific idea和后面的短语a refinement of the Big Bang是同位语关系。

（4）过去分词短语called the inflationary universe theory作定语，修饰the Big Bang.

词的处理：

that指代整个前面条件状语从句

the small hot spots小热点

refinement更完美，提炼，改进

the inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀说（理论）

技巧点拨：

（1）if引导的条件状语从句无需调整语序，直接翻译；look as expected“看上同预料的一样”。

（2）代词that指代的是前面的整个条件状语从句所提的情况，因此可以翻译为“这，那”。

（3）本句中的yet表强调，不表转折。

（4）a refinement of the Big Bang中refinement意思较多“精致，提纯，改进”，要想与the Big Bang搭配，最好取“改进”意思，初步处理为“大爆炸理论的改进”，但因其为scientific idea的同位语，故中心词还是“大爆炸理论”，而不是“改进”，所以译为“改进了的、改善了的大爆炸理论”，更好的译法为“更完美的大爆炸理论”。

（5）分词短语called the inflationary universe theory作定语，此处可灵活处理为“亦称宇宙膨胀论”。

完整译文：

假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

（75）Oddthoughitsounds, cosmic inflationisa scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics,andmany astrophysicistshave been convincedfor the better part of a decadethatitistrue.

句子拆分：

拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词，并列连词

Odd though it sounds, // cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, // and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

解析：

（1）主干结构是倒装的让步状语从句+主句。Odd though it sounds = though it sounds odd

（2）介词短语of some respected ideas和in elementary-particle physics皆为consequence的定语。

（3）many astrophysicists have been convinced为被动结构。

（4）that it is true是宾语从句。

词的处理：

cosmic inflation宇宙膨胀说

scientifically plausible consequence科学上可信的推论

in elementary-particle physics基本粒子物理学

convinced被说服，相信

for the better part of a decade七八年来

技巧点拨：

（1）odd though it sounds中it指代本句话主句的主语cosmic inflation，翻译成汉语的时候可以先把它说清楚，即“宇宙膨胀理论”“宇宙膨胀说”；此处though引导的

让步状语从句为倒装，还原为though it sounds odd。

（2）a scientifically plausible consequence中scientifically作状语修饰plausible，意为“在科学上可行的结果”，由于主句的主干为“Cosmic inflation is a ...consequence”，也就是说consequence描述的对象是cosmic inflation（宇宙膨胀理论），因此consequence最好取其“推论”的意思。

（3）被动结构have been convinced，初步理解为“被说服”，但根据被动语态的翻译，少用“被”字原则，再加上that为其宾语从句，因此处理成“相信......”更符合汉语表达习惯。

（4）短语for the better part of a decade，直译则为“十年的大部分”，显然不合适，不符合汉语表达习惯，故处理成“七八年来，近十年来”。

完整译文：

宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。

三、参考译文

离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系是科学家在此以前所发现的最大、最遥远的物体。（71）但更为重要的是，这是科学家所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。研究人员发现的宇宙云既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙背景探测者Cobe 号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据，证明宇宙确实起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”（此理论认为宇宙起源于一大块能量）。

（72）巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十世纪二十年代首次提出的大爆炸论是以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。根据这一理论，宇宙的形成是由一团亚微观的、极其稠密的纯能量团朝四面八方向外发散，随着放出辐射线，浓缩成粒子，然后形成气体原子。数十亿年来，这种气体受引力的压缩形成星系、恒星、行星，并最终甚至产生人类。

Cobe卫星设计的目的就是观察这些最大的物体结构，但宇航员还想看到更为微小的热点，即像星纱中的星团和超星团这样一些局部物体的粒子。看来他们不必长期等待。（73）天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球工仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。

（74）假如这些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。膨胀说告诉我们，早在很久以前，宇宙的体积在不到一秒钟内被一种反引力驱动而发生了无数倍的膨胀。（75）宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子的物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来似乎可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。

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2000——2001英语考研翻译真题及解析

2000 第一段 Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

2010年中山大学翻译硕士英语考研真题及其答案解析

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Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。“好啊，终于好了！” Anthony Tommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。 但是，这个任命之所以引起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为“低调的音乐家，在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。”爱乐乐团迄今为止都是由像Gustav Mahler和Pierre Boulez那样的音乐家领导的。这样去描述这个乐团的下一位 指挥，至少对于时代的读者而言，这是一种苍白的表扬。 就我看来，我不知道Gilbert是否是一个伟大的指挥家或者是一个好的指挥。但是我能确定的是，他能表演出很多有趣的乐章，但是我却应该不会去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去听一场有趣的交响乐演出。我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上，或者打开的我的电脑 从iTunes上下载更多的唱片。 那些忠实的音乐会观众会讲唱片并不能代替现场的演出，但是他们忽略了核心问题。当下为了获得艺术爱好者的时间，关注度和金钱，

历年英语六级翻译真题汇总

六级翻译 helj 2011/4/12 令狐采学 10/12) 82.There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter. 83.Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的). 84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected. 85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了). 86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday. (10\06) 82.___(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leavethem and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. 83.Before you take any action, please remember to ___ (权衡你的决

定会产生的后果).84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances ___ (他会违背还钱的承诺).85. Most educators advise that kids ___ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86. Business major as he is, he has ___ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作). (09\12 ) 82. How long does a jacket like this last me? — (这要看你多长时间穿一次). 83. The theory he advanced has proved (对许多传统概念的一种挑战). 84. The manager (本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. 85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a (均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的). 86. Much (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. (09/06) 82.With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ________ (说服他不买车). 83.________ (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.. 84.When confronted with the evidence, ________ (他不得不坦白

Bybrton历年考研英语翻译精解

Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep .-- Shakespeare 历年考研英语翻译精解 98年翻译题解： 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。1)主句是强调句it was... that...被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for...引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，that...是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。第三、词的处理：even more important (省略)更为重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构15 billion years ago 150亿年前完整的译文：71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。1)整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。第三、词的处理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上the Big Bang 大爆炸理论first put forward 首创的，开始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释 完整的译文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干结构是：1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。 第三、词的处理：working with 使用，以……为工作手段ground-based detectors 陆基探测器the South Pole 南极balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器are closing in on 正越来越近structures 云系findings 观测结果 完整的译文：73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。2)look as expected是