上外翻译I笔记(第十四、十五讲)

第十四讲特殊句式的翻译

●导入译例

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.

I was no less frightened than surprised.

既…又…

I was not so much troubled by the guitarist’s as by his lack of talent.

与其说…不如说…

The people are to the army what water is to fish.

军民鱼水情

A teacher is to the students what a lighthouse to the people at sea.

Y ou are to me what rice is to mice.

我爱你就像老鼠爱大米

The alternative we must be certain we never have to face.

我们应当相信：我们决不会面临这种选择（宾语倒装）

Just as necessary for us as financial support are criticism and suggestions.

对我们来说，和财政援助同样必要的是批评和建议（倒装）

Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.

阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口才，写作训练人的思维

●比较句式的基本构成

1）同级比较

In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.

We have accomplished as mush in 2007 as would have taken ten years in the past.

2）比较级

Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents.

We can live longer without food than without water.

3）最高级

This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.

Of all his novels I like this one best.

4）the…the…结构

The more you study, the more you know. The more you know, the more you forget. The more you forget, the less you know. So why study?

5）选择比较

I prefer face-to-face communication to cyber-chatting.

Some people would rathe r work than sit idly. 宁可…也不…

6）对比

Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

He is tried out, whereas she is full of vigor.

●比较句式的用法：表示对比

He was more dead than alive.

他已经半死不活（奄奄一息）

Ask her to sing a song for us. She is more of a singer than a guitarist.

她唱歌比弹吉它还要棒

He was more shy than unsociable.

他不是不擅长社交，只是有点难为情

●比较句式的用法：表示强调

John more than hesitated to lend me his new Benz.

John犹豫了老半天，简直不肯把新奔驰借给我

It is more than probable that he will fail again.

他非常有可能再次不及格

He has more than repaid her kindness.

他所做的远远超过了对她的报答（他对她真可谓滴水之恩，涌泉相报）

●比较句式的用法：表示比喻

A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his own ears.

正像看不到自己的耳朵一样，傻瓜也看不到自己的愚蠢

He can no more swim than a hammer.

他简直就是秤砣，才不会游泳呢

Having children makes you no more a parent than having a piano makes you a pianist.

拥有一架钢琴不见得一定会成为钢琴演奏家，同样，有孩子不一定就会成为好父母

●比较句式的用法：表示否定

这个我不能告诉你

I can’t tell you this. This is more than I can tell. （语气婉转）

I had expected better judgment from you.

没想到你判断力这么差

I really wanted to cry, but thought better of it.

我真的很想哭，但是，我没有哭

There is more to peace, not just the absence of war or armed conflict.

仅仅没有武装冲突和战事，还不等于和平

●省略句译法：补译

1）排比句式

The symbol for hydrogen is H; for oxygen O; for nitrogen N.

氢气的符号是H，氧的符号是O，氮的符号是N

Histories make man wise; mathematics subtle; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

历史使人明智；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞使人善辩

2）比较句式

The breakthroughs would create as much danger as they would hope.

这些突破会创造他们所希望的危险？？？

这些突破既会带来希望，也会带来危险

3）其它

Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never.

那是两年前的事了。从那时起，玛拉只回来看过她母亲三回，而她的丈夫却从未回来探望过I discovered that more than desire and feeling were necessary to write and I dropped the idea.

我发现要写作，只有愿望和热情是不够的，于是我放弃了写作的念头

●省略句译法：相应省略

My uncle is better than when I wrote to you last time.

我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了

Although advanced in years, Thomas Edison remained as active and creative as many young people.

托马斯-爱迪生虽然上了年纪，但仍跟年轻人一样活跃并富有创造力

●省略句译法：转换

When the media add interpretation and analysis as they must to do their job fully, strong dislike of the messengers may become intense.

媒体一旦增添了解释和分析，就会引起人们的强烈反感。然而，媒体又必须这样做才能充分发挥其作用（must之后省略了add interpretation and analysis）

And so we let the exciting new knowledge slip from us, a little further everyday, and our confidence with it.

于是我们就让那些振奋人心的新知识悄悄地从我们身边溜走，一天一天离我们远去，我们的信心也随之渐渐消失

He has to feel that he is as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world.

他应该认为自己跟世界上其他外科大夫一样称职甚至比他们还强

●语法层面的倒装：疑问句

Don’t they speak English?

难道他们不讲英语吗？（一般疑问句）

How long have you been here?

你来这儿多久了？（特殊疑问句）

Are you going to the library or to the classroom?

你是去图书馆呢？还是去教室？（选择疑问句）

He has left his telephone number with you, hasn’t he?

他给你留下了电话号码了，对吗？（反义疑问句）

●语法层面的倒装：表示让步

Child as he was, Mike could play the piano very well.

尽管还是孩子，迈克的钢琴已经弹得很好了

We will be much better for knowing the knowledge in other fields, be it scientific or artistic.

不管是理科方面还是文科方面的，了解这些其它领域的知识对我们是大有裨益的

●语法层面的倒装：表示假定

Had it not been for you help, I would not have achieved so much.

如果没有你的帮助，我就不会有这样的成就

●语法层面的倒装：表示重复

I don’t like watching TV, nor does Mary.

我不喜欢看电脑，玛丽也不喜欢

Society has changed, so have the people in it.

社会变了，人也跟着变了

●语法层面的倒装：表示否定

Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.

直到比赛开始他才赶到赛场

We have been told by the manager that under no circumstances should we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

经理告诉我们说，任何情况下都不能用办公室电话处理私事

●修辞层面的倒装1：强调

This we have never thought of before.

这一点，我们以前从未想过（强调宾语）

Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs.

在深山里有星罗棋布的水库（强调主语）

In went the sun and down came the rain.

太阳被乌云遮住了，下起了雨（强调状语）

●语法层面的倒装2：上下文衔接

He was born poor and poor he remained all his life.

他出身贫穷，而且受了一辈子穷

Animals drink some water, and of this a part is evaporated from their bodies.

动物要喝一些水，其中一小部分会从它们的身体上蒸发掉

●语法层面的倒装3：句式平衡

While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.

在等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有一所学校要招聘一名教师

Next door to ours lives an old man who has just retired from the factory near the railway station. 住在我们对门的是一位刚刚从火车站附近的工厂退休的老人

●语法层面的倒装4：增加文采

Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.

随着吼声，从林子里窜出一只老虎

随着吼声，从林子里呼地窜出一只老虎

Down jumped the thief from the third floor when he saw the police coming near.

小偷一看见警察来了，便从三楼噌地跳了下去

Now comes your turn!

现在终于轮到你了！

●主谓分离

Mr. Brown thinks that family life, even if fulfilling, is not enough without friends.

布朗先生认为，没有朋友的家庭生活，即使很美满，也是不够的（顺译）

The place was so isolated that the owner’s daughter, who must be in her early twenties, said that she had never seen a locomotive.

那个地方真是与世隔绝，主人的女儿，准有二十出头了，说她从来没有见过火车

●修饰语和被修饰语分离

Then the problem arises to determine to what extent irrigation could be applied to increase the present production.

然后就出现了这样一个问题：应该灌溉到什么程度才能使目前的产量增加

然后应该灌溉到什么程度才能使目前的产量增加这样一个问题就出现了

That night the Admiral got out a message to Ryan saying that all radio connections with the Army had broken down.

那天夜里，海军上将给莱恩发出一封电报，说与陆军的一切无线电联系都中断了

那天夜里，海军上将发出一封说与陆军的一切无线电联系都中断了的电报给莱恩

●同位语和先行词分离

A rumor circulated that the “super girl” was secretly engaged to a tycoon.

外面纷纷传说这个超女与一位大款已经秘密订婚

这个超女与一位大款秘密订婚的传说在外面传得沸沸扬扬

●谓语和宾语分离

We ask children to do for most of a day what few adults are able to do even for an hour.

那些几乎没有几个成年人能够连续做上一个小时的事情，我们却让孩子们花上一天的大部分时间去做

●系动词和表语分离

I think the speech is needlessly stubborn.

我认为这篇演讲语气强硬，这样其实没有必要

At the sight of them sitting together, he became unreasonably angry.

看见他们两人坐在一起，他大发雷霆，不可理喻

●固定搭配分离

He seldom gives anything up easily.

We will try to put this plan into practice as soon as possible.

●巩固练习

Winston Churchill, today an idealized hero of history, was in his time variously considered a bombastic blunderer, an unstable politician, an intermittently inspired orator, a reckless self-dramatizer, voluminous able writer in an old fashioned vein, and a warmongering drunkard. 温斯顿-邱吉尔今天是一个被理想化了的历史英雄，但当时却被看成各种各样的人物：爱唱高调但常犯错误的人，摇摆不定的政客，有几分才气的演说家，轻率的装腔作势者，写有大量著作但文风古老的多产作家，以及贩卖战争的酒徒

Nothing should be done in a hurry that can be done slowly.

对从缓去做的事，都不宜操之过急

In any case, philosophy is famously helpless before a toothache.

无论如何，哲学拿牙痛是毫无办法的，这一点大家都知道

第十五讲拆分与合并

●导入译例

I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted there. Y ou dare not, you can not deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other—of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hoes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind.（Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice）

我有充分的理由鄙视你。你在那件事上扮演了很不正当、很不光彩的角色，不管你动机如何，都是不能宽恕的。说起他们两人被拆散，即使不是你造成的，你至少也是主谋，这你不敢抵赖，也抵赖不了。看你把他们搞的，一个被世人指责为朝三暮四，另一个被世人讥笑为痴心妄想，害得他们痛苦之极（将长句拆成短句，表达了说话人的愤怒）

I was slow to understand the deep grievances of women. This is because, as a boy, I had envied them.

我迟迟未能理解女人的深切痛楚。这是因为我小时候曾羡慕过她们

我迟迟未能理解女人的深切痛楚，因为我小时候曾羡慕过她们（两句合为一句）

She played many smiles and glances upon Tom.

她向Tom频送秋波

She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.

舞会上她丢了魂也丢了项链----她坠入爱河了！（zeugma轭式修饰法，用一个词来搭配两个或以上的词）

●拆分：词汇层面

The crowds melted away after the police arrived.

警察来后人群慢慢散开

It is an important catalyst to the cause of our liberation.

这是我们解放事业的重要催化剂

这是促进我们解放事业的重要因素

Imagine that you step into a shopping mall and paparazzi immediately begin tracking your every move.

想象一下：当你步入商厦，狗仔队立即尾随而来，监视你的一举一动

●语法层面的拆分：定语从句

What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?

举例说吧，一个46岁的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体格检查。虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6个月内就会死去。这时，医生该怎么对他说呢？

The day before I was to leave I went walking across the river to the red mesa, where many times before I had gone to be alone with my thoughts.

临行前一天，我趟过河来到红石山下。我以前曾多次来过这里，独自遐想一番

As I lie awake in bed, listening to the sound of those razor sharp drops pounding on the pavement, my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks, and a chill from within fills me with dread.

我躺在床上，睡不着，听着雨点落在路面上啪啪作响。我恍恍忽忽进入了一条条幽暗的甬道，想起许多痛苦的往事，真是思绪万千。我心里一阵悲凉，不禁感到毛骨悚然

●语法层面的拆分：短语

To set down your reactions to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions.

将你对所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下来，将它们在你脑子里引起的问题记下来。这样就可以将这些感受长久地保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确起来

One of my best speeches was delivered in Hyde Park in torrents of rain to six policemen sent to watch me, plus only the secretary of the Society that had asked me to speak, who held an umbrella over me.

我最精彩的一次讲话是在海德公园讲的。那一天大雨倾盆，听讲的是派来监视我的六名警察，另外还有邀请我讲话的那个团体的秘书，他给我打着伞（主句单独成句）

I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.

我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录（独立主格结构）

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally acknowledged law.

能量既不能创造也不能消灭，这是一条举世公认的规律（名词短语充当同位语）

●单词的拆分

Y oung men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in a battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.

如果年轻人由于某种原因认为自己可能在战争中死去，想到生活所能提供的最美好的东西自己全都无法享受，觉得受了骗，因而感到痛苦，这是无可指责的

In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.

往后我就这样学着拼写，虽然并不理解意思，却也拼出了许多词

He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial. 长期以来他的同辈虽然看不起他，但对他还有些亲切感；现在，依然看不起，而且亲切感也没了

A movie of their romance would be a box-office success.

他们之间的浪漫故事要是拍成电影的话，肯定很卖座

●巩固练习

Both oil and natured gas are transported in pipelines which stretch for hundreds of miles from the oil fields to where the materials are to be used. If your city uses natural gas, whenever you turn on a gas burner, you open a pipe whose other end may go down into the ground a thousand miles or more away.

石油和天然气都是用管道输送，这种管道从油田到使用地点长达数百英里。如果你所在的城市里使用天然气，那么当你扭开燃具时，你开启的管子，它的另一端可能在一千英里以外的地底下

By the time the program was considered complete at the end of 17 months, 3.5billion artificially reared, sterilized flies had been released over Florida and sections of Georgia and Alabama.

经过17个月的努力，计划可以说完成了。在佛罗里达州上空及佐治亚州和亚拉巴马州部分地区上空共放出人工培养并经过绝育处理的苍蝇35亿只

More than any other city, New Y ork is where America’s problems crystallize because for more than a century it has attracted immigrants and Americans who believe that this city will give them hope and a better life.

美国存在的种种问题在纽约都得到集中的体现（词汇层面的拆分），这是美国任何一个其它城市所不能比的。因为一个多世纪以来，纽约吸引了一批又一批的移民和美国人，他们都相信这个城市会给他们带来希望，会使他们过上好日子

●词汇层面的合并

Tom’s father is dead and gone.

Tom的父亲死了

It is right and proper to prepare the solution this way.

用这种方法配置溶液是完全正确的

People use money to buy all kinds of things they need and want.

人们用钱来购买他们所需要的各种东西

●句法层面的合并

The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 这个年轻人很惨，积攒的钱被人偷个一干二净，已落到身无分文的地步（从因到果）

She is very busy at home. She had to take care of children and do the kitchen work.

她在家很忙，又要看孩子，又要下厨房（前后两句主语一致，因此省略后句主语，并且两句合为一句，显得更加紧凑）

Every week insurance companies receive premium payments from customers. These payments can form a very large total running into millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It vests in property, shares, farms and even antique paintings and stamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment.

保险公司每星期都能收到顾客支付的保险费。这些款项可汇总成数百万美元的巨额资金，但它并不将其存入银行，而是以购置房地产、股份、农场，甚至古玩字画及邮票的形式进行投资，以获取最大可能的收益

I never saw anyone wear an expression of such deep gloom. He was staring into space. He looked as though the burden of the whole world sat on his shoulders.

我从未见过任何人的表情如此闷闷不乐。他迷茫地瞪着双眼，看上去如同整个地球的重担都落在了他一个人的肩上（后两句合并，逻辑感更强）

A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy.

住在新效区的人觉得一只脚在城里，一只脚在乡下，非常开心，因为他们喜欢这种介于城乡之间的生活

The commander ordered that we cut off the enemy’s retreat.

长官命令我们切断敌人的道路

●巩固练习

He that thinks his business below him will always be above his business.

自命大材小用，往往眼高手低

At first we all thought that it might prove to be a wrong match. But you’ve never seen such a happy couple.

起初我们认为他们并不般配，没想到他们是这般恩爱

Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War.

她的父亲，第二次世界大战中的一个杀人凶手，竟当上了这个城市的市长

●多支共干

And even those legislative lions who roar against the President on Capitol Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door.

甚至在国会山上对总统咆哮如雷，不可一世的议员们也往往把嗓音压低，一跨进白宫大门就按事先准备好的稿子讲话

甚至在国会山上对总统咆哮如雷，不可一世的议员们一跨进白宫大门也往往把嗓音压低，并按事先准备好的稿子讲话（when修饰的应该是两个动作）

He was an American Indian writer, lecturer and activist in the cause of Indian rights.

他是美国印弟安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家

他是争取印第安人权利运动的美国印第安人作家、演讲家和活动家（错误，违背就近修饰原则）

The author has written many novels and plays on social problems.

该作者写过很多反应社会问题的小说和剧本

What are the perspectives of the national liberation movement and the relation between the United States and the economically underdeveloped countries?

民族解放运动的前途以及美国同经济欠发达国家之间关系的前途是怎样的呢？

民族解放运动的前途以及美国同经济欠发达国家之间关系是怎样的呢？

It is now strictly true that scarcely a fly or mosquito can be seen in the town and cholera and smallpox are no more.

城镇里几乎看不到什么苍蝇蚊子，而且霍乱和天花已经绝迹，这是千真万确的

巩固练习

He insisted that there must have been some mistake, and that the State Department could not possibly have issued the supposed statement.

他坚持说一定是出了什么差错，还坚持说国务院决不会发表那篇所谓的声明

The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.

教育或者心理方面的标准化测试已被广泛用于帮助对学生、雇员和军事人员进行选拔、分类、分配任务或者提拔。这些测试最近受到了书报杂志，甚至国会的抨击

At school the students need to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in every day living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for this safety and for understanding of his surrounding.

在学校里，学生需要系统地扩充知识，掌握足够的科学词汇以便有效地进行交际，还要学会诸如对增进健康、保障安全、了解周围环境等有用的知识，因为这些知识在日常生活中是非常重要的

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北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记（近10万 字）

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