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King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?

西班牙的袁.卡勒斯国王坚持“国王们不会退位，他们在睡梦中表现勇敢。”但是尴尬的丑闻和最近欧洲选举中共和党左派的流行，已经迫使他收回了前言并退位。那么，西班牙危机是否暗示着君主政体正走向末路，意味着对冠冕堂皇的欧洲王室们来说，这是写在墙头上的事情？

The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

西班牙的情况提供了对于君主政体是赞同还是反对的争议。当公众舆论特别两极化时，伴随着弗朗哥政权的消亡，君主政体能够克服单一政纲并代表一个国家统一的精神。

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

正是这种明显的政治超然存在解释了君主政体继续流行极化的存在。而且，排除中东之外，欧洲存留着十个王国（不计梵蒂冈城和安道尔共和国），是世界上君主制蔓生最多的地区。但是不像海湾和亚洲的专制主义对应体，大多数王室家族已经存活下来，因为他们以不引起争议而备受尊重的公共形象，给与选民避开搜索的麻烦。

Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

西班牙的袁.卡勒斯国王坚持“国王们不会退位，他们在睡梦中表现勇敢。”但是尴尬的丑闻和最近欧洲选举中共和党左派的流行，已经迫使他收回了前言并退位。那么，西班牙危机是否暗示着君主政体正走向末路，意味着对冠冕堂皇的欧洲王室们来说，这是写在墙头上的事情？

The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy

families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

西班牙的情况提供了对于君主政体是赞同还是反对的争议。当公众舆论特别两极化时，伴随着弗朗哥政权的消亡，君主政体能够克服单一政纲并代表一个国家统一的精神。

While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be sm art enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

正是这种明显的政治超然存在解释了君主政体继续流行极化的存在。而且，排除中东之外，欧洲存留着十个王国（不计梵蒂冈城和安道尔共和国），是世界上君主制蔓生最多的地区。但是不像海湾和亚洲的专制主义对应体，大多数王室家族已经存活下来，因为他们以不引起争议而备受尊重的公共形象，给与选民避开搜索的麻烦。

It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service –as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the mona rchy’s worst enemies.

Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.

虽然是非生物学上的关联，朋友之间有着像第四代表亲一样联系——这就是发布自国家科学院的行动中加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学已经推断出来的的一项研究。

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.

这项研究是通过管理对照成对不相关的朋友和不相关的陌生人的独特科目而成的一个全组基因分析，相同的人被用于两次采样之中。

While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousi ns but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”

1%的概率看起来微不足道，对于遗传学家来说却并非如此。正如圣地亚哥分校生物医学遗传学教授詹姆士?福勒所说，大多数人即使并不认识他们的第四代表亲，但总得设法遴选那些像我们同类的人作为朋友。

The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!

这项研究还发现嗅觉基因在朋友间共享而免疫基因却不这样。为什么这种相似性存在于嗅觉基因很难解释，目前也许正如这个研究团队所提议的那样，这个因素不仅把我们带到类似的环境，更有一些别的因素。可能存在许多相互作用的机制，促使我们根据利益交好的功能性亲属关系而从遗传学角度选择类似的朋友。

One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes. Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.

非凡的研究发现之一是，相似的基因看起来比其他基因进化得更快一些。研究这个有助于我们理解，为什么在最近的3万年里，随着社会环境成为一个主要的贡献因素人类的进化精进了步伐。

The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

研究者们说，这项发现不单解释了人们趋向于与那些相似宗教背景的人们交好，尽管所有的研究主体都取自欧洲血统，顾及到观察所有的研究对象，朋友和陌生人也源自该人口的同一支系。

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2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 【答案】[D] what 【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)，原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised 【答案】[B] concluded 【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded。 3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by