(word完整版)2019年高考英语全国卷I完型填空深度解析

2019年高考英语全国卷I完型填空深度解析

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place —other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .

The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.

41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring

42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters

43. A. position B. age C. face D. name

44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy

45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate

46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones

47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean

48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary

49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away

50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight

51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded

52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose

53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials

54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to

55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits

56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add

57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake

58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally

59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial

60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire

本文的主题为“人与自然”，体裁为夹叙夹议的记叙文。作者通过叙述自己的亲身经历，提出自己的观点：虽然乞力马扎罗山之前环境受到污染，但经当地机构治理后，已有改观。所以，作者认为它实至名归.

不考虑回填后的词数，本完形与2018年全国一卷完形相比，少了10个词。词数少，提供的信息就少。加之话题相对陌生，所以学生写起来难度加大。

文章对句子层面，段落层面和篇章层面的逻辑均有考查，且多处需要结合整段甚至全篇来考虑，极好地凸显了语篇的重要性，强调了在阅读文章时的全局意识，但同时也提升了解答难度。

具体考查层次如下图（对于段落和语篇层次的逻辑考查多达13处）：

文章解析

41. D 爬山者来登山，必然会带来垃圾。本题考查的其实是代词they的指代。上文说到Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，后文也说到with them，所以指代很明确，就是这40,000人。这些人来登山，势必会带来（bring with them）很多的垃圾。所以选D。其他选项虽也能构成词组，但句意不符。

42. C 联系上下文分析句意可知，本句（包括下一句）应该是在阐述数量众多的登山者带来的后果，即可能影响乞力马扎罗的自然之美。所以满足此句意的只有C选项crowds。

43. C 前半句说的是冰川正在消失，结果自然是会改变乞力马扎罗的face。本题考查了熟词

生义，face在此指的是“外观，面貌”，所以选择C项。

44. B 本题比较不好理解，需要联系下文的purer和however。梳理后得到的句意是：听闻这些故事后，我对这个地方（也就是乞力马扎罗）（能否保持其纯净的自然体验）表示怀疑，因为其他地方都被描述为更加纯净的自然体验。做题时必须思考文章的逻辑。破折号后的purer不会凭空出现，比较级应该是相对于人们对乞力马扎罗的登山体验而言，所以最终选择B选项skeptical。

45. A 通读第三段整段，可以发现本段在阐述作者的发现。作者发现，自从报道了在垃圾堆中的营地之后，情况有了很大的改观。本题也可以参考47空前面的find，所以选择A项。

46. C 结合文中的disturbing和among tons of rubbish，可以得知，营地就在垃圾堆里。并且，根据文章前后的逻辑，从47空所在的这句开始就是在讲述作者的发现（情况的改观）。所以，本题选择C项。

47. D 营地及沿途有厕所，自然会干净得多。跟前文的much has changed也能对应得上。所以选择D项。

48. C 48空后面有个表示转折关系的but，上文也提到情况有改观，所以可以判断，本句的句意应为“虽然环境保护的难度很大，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理当局的努力似乎已经奏效了”，所以选择C项。

49. A pay off“成功，奏效”；spread out“展开，散开”；blow up“爆炸”；fade away“（人）衰弱，病重死亡，消失”，根据上题解析说到的句意，其他干扰项都可以排除，所以选择A 项。

50. B 本题可以参考第二段里提到的experience，也可以在读懂第四段之后再最终确定。作者在本段想传递的信息为：攀登乞力马扎罗山，最棒的经历不在于登顶，而在于可以体验五种不同的生态系统，所以选择B项。

51. D 在众多文化里，山都被赋予某种精神意义。所以，最佳选项为D项，be regarded as“被认为是...，被视为...”。

52. A this的指代作用不能忽视。上句说到作者的观点，即最棒的经历不在于登顶。而这样的观点在登山者攀登乞力马扎罗山的时候体现得尤为明显。所以本题选A项。

53. B 本题考查的其实上义词和下义词的包含逻辑关系。其余选项都可以归类到B选项里，只有登山者才能体验到，故选B。

54. D 前文的abruptly虽然陌生，但重点在ends，rainforest在海拔3000米的地方结束，往上是大片大片的低矮的植物。hold on to“保住，守住”；go back to“回到”；live up to“不辜负”；give way to“让路”，所以唯有D选项符合题意。雨林仿佛是在给低矮植物让路一样，在海拔3000米的地方结束。

55. A 本题要注意破折号的作用。破折号是起到解释说明的作用，再往上，低低的云层笼罩山坡，山坡上长满了茂密的草，由生态系统发生变化可以推出气候不一样，产生了变化。所以选择A项。

56. C 前文已经说到，最棒的体验在于能经历丰富的生态系统。所以，作者从所站的地方，可以数到12种深浅不同的绿色这样的理解才最符合上下文。故选C项。此处shade会起到干扰作用，考查的是熟词生义，指“（色彩的）浓淡，深浅，色度”。

57. B 本题冒号的作用不可忽视。众所周知，冒号的作用是举例或解释说明，根据后文的gravel，stones和rocks，可以轻松得知在4000米以上为荒原，答案应为B项。

58. D 整段来看，文章的脉络是从低海拔写到高海拔的，所以到此处用Finally收尾符合题意，故选择D项。

59. A 乞力马扎罗山上海拔最高的地方有冰川，还有终年的积雪，这样的区域才像北极，故选A项。permanent此处应该理解为“长久的”，permanent snow指终年不化的积雪。

60. B 文章的最后，作者点题：乞力马扎罗宁静的氛围是否被如织的游客破坏了呢？未必。所以，它还是对得起它的名声的（deserve its reputation），故选B项。

重难点词：

crowds 人群；一伙人

face （地区，机构或活动领域的）外观，面貌

skeptical 同sceptical 怀疑的

significant 显著的；有重大意义的

view 观点

abruptly 突然地

envelop 包住；裹住；盖住

shade （色彩的）浓淡；深浅；色度

permanent 长久的；永久的

重难点短语：

attempt to do 企图做某事；尝试做某事

be skeptical about 对……怀疑的

tons of 大量的

pay off 成功

be regarded as 被认为是……

go through 经历

give way to 给……让路

be covered with 被……覆盖

deserve its reputation 名不虚传

高中英语教学论文 高考英语完形填空综合解析

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高考英语完形填空考试解题三大角度

高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。

研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点： 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。

难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。

2019年春季高考英语模拟试题及答案

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