虚拟语气2

虚拟语气

1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

e.g. He would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.

If it were not for… / If it had not been for… = but for

3) 特殊结构的条件句but for

without (with no)

e.g. If it were not for his, help, I could never go to college.

e.g. But for air and water, nothing could live.

e.g. Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.

4) 条件句的省略

a.省if，用倒装，限于谓动为were, had, should

e.g. Were I you, is shouldn’t so it like that.

Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 如果没有你的帮助我就失败了。

b.省主句的虚拟结构（表愿望）

e.g. If only I could help you! 如果我能帮助你就好了。

If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了。

If only you had not told him what I said! 要是你没有把我的话告诉他就好了。

2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用

1）It is + adj. + that …+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等

necessary, important, essential, imperative, natural, impossible, strange, vital, obligatory, resolved, desirable, advisable, preferable, urgent, etc.

e.g. It is strange that she (should) have left with the light still on.

2) It is + p.p. + that…+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等

suggested, required, demanded, urged, ordered, desired, advised requested, urged,

proposed, recommended, etc.

e.g. it is suggested that the automobile be oiled every day.

3) It is (high / about) time + (that)…+ 一般过去式（be →were）

e.g. It is high time that we were off to London.

3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

1) suggest, require, order, demand, propose, advise, insist, maintain, recommend, urge, prefer,

request, command, desire, ask, object, direct, pray, propose等后的宾从宾从谓动(should) v.

2) wish后的宾从

a. 表无能为力的过去愿望

sb. wish + (that)…+ had ved. / could (would, might) have ved.

b. 表现在愿望虽然实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。

sb. wish + (that)…+一般过去式（be →were）

c. 表将来愿望

sb. wish + (that)…+ could (would, might) v.

3) would sooner, would/had rather, would/had as soon等后的宾从, 表示与事实相反的虚拟

语气。

a. 表现在和将来：were 型

b. 表过去：had been 型

e.g. I’d rather he weren’t so rude. 我但愿他不那么粗鲁。

I would rather you came next weekend. 我希望你下周来。

She would rather that you had not arrived last night. 她宁愿你昨天没有到达。4．虚拟语气在表语从句同位语从句中的应用

在idea, proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, motion等后的表语从句同位语从句从句谓动(should) v.

5. 虚拟语气在lest引导的从句中的应用从句谓动(should) v.

e.g. He locked up all his documents lest they be stolen. 他把他所有文件都锁起来，以防被窃。

表示与过去事实相反→had been型6. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导从句中的应用: 表示与现在事实相反→were型

表示猜测，假定，联想，比较表示与将来事实相反→would be型e.g. He talked as though he had been there at that time.他谈起话来，好像他当时在场。

e.g. You talk as if I were under an obligation.照你这么说，我好像受过他的恩惠。

e.g. He looks as if he would cry.他看上去好像要哭了。

虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.

虚拟语气2

虚拟语气 1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 e.g. He would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. If it were not for… / If it had not been for… = but for 3) 特殊结构的条件句but for without (with no) e.g. If it were not for his, help, I could never go to college. e.g. But for air and water, nothing could live. e.g. Without electricity, there would be no modern industry. 4) 条件句的省略 a.省if，用倒装，限于谓动为were, had, should e.g. Were I you, is shouldn’t so it like that. Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 如果没有你的帮助我就失败了。 b.省主句的虚拟结构（表愿望） e.g. If only I could help you! 如果我能帮助你就好了。 If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了。 If only you had not told him what I said! 要是你没有把我的话告诉他就好了。 2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 1）It is + adj. + that …+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等 necessary, important, essential, imperative, natural, impossible, strange, vital, obligatory, resolved, desirable, advisable, preferable, urgent, etc. e.g. It is strange that she (should) have left with the light still on. 2) It is + p.p. + that…+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等 suggested, required, demanded, urged, ordered, desired, advised requested, urged, proposed, recommended, etc. e.g. it is suggested that the automobile be oiled every day. 3) It is (high / about) time + (that)…+ 一般过去式（be →were） e.g. It is high time that we were off to London. 3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1) suggest, require, order, demand, propose, advise, insist, maintain, recommend, urge, prefer, request, command, desire, ask, object, direct, pray, propose等后的宾从宾从谓动(should) v. 2) wish后的宾从 a. 表无能为力的过去愿望 sb. wish + (that)…+ had ved. / could (would, might) have ved.

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气知识点整理总结(6页)

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气知识点整理总结 虚拟语气是一个很不讨人喜欢的语法知识，因为它不仅晦涩难懂，而且还容易混淆。笔者将分三期带大家轻松掌握虚拟语气的全部知识，今天我们首先来看i f非真实条件句。 01 两个最基本的概念 在开始本文之前，我们先得搞清楚两个概念。 何为非真实条件句？ 答案：在第二讲中，笔者将条件句分成真实条件句和虚拟条件句，其中的虚拟条件句就指的是非真实条件句。它是指说话者假设了一种和客观事实相反的情况。 何为虚拟语气？ 答案：虚拟语气是指说话人的某种与客观事实或规律不符的愿望、猜测、假设、主张、建议等。 02 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气，也即if引导的虚拟条件句的三个句型，详情见下面的表格。 注意：其中的虚拟对象分别指和现在、和未来、和过去相反。

如： If I were you, I would dump her. 如果我是你，我会甩了她。 If I were to do it, I would do it in another way. 如果让我做，我会采取不同的办法。 If I had been there, I would have helped him. 如果我在那里，我肯定会帮助他。 03 if三个句型的时态逻辑 对于if的三个虚拟语气句型，很多同学都不知道为什么这么用，只是死记硬背下来了。今天笔者就试着为大家简单解读一下噢。 上述句型中从句的本质是：从句带了i f，是一种假设情况，相对于虚拟对象往后退了一个时态位。 上述句型中主句的本质是：主句是站在已经退后的时态位上向将来看。其中，和现在、将来相反，都用过去将来时；和过去相反，由于主句的动作判断已完成，要用过去将来完成时。

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图

虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing（that） /provided（that）/on condition that/suppose （that）/supposing （that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..

德语虚拟语气讲解(第二虚拟式)

知识点一： 德语语法中最容易迷惑人的大概就是虚拟式了。为了帮助大家更好的理解虚拟语气，我们讲分成两部分讲解虚拟式。 虚拟式分为第一虚拟式和第二虚拟式。由于平常第二虚拟式用得较频繁，且常用第二虚拟式代替第一虚拟式，我们先来谈一谈第二虚拟式到底是何方神圣？到底要怎么用？ 一，虚拟式构成形式及与一般式对比 对比直陈式： 如大家所见，第二虚拟式只有两个时态：现在时，过去式。直陈式过去时有三种时态，而第二虚拟式只有一种。 二，时态 ?现在时：

①弱变化动词 弱变化动词的第二虚拟式形式上比较容易掌握的，与直陈式过去时相似： ②强变化动词 动词变化基本形式是动词过去时词根加上一下词尾： ③ 如： ④强变化动词词干元音为 a, o, u 时，须变为 ?，?，ü：

⑤助动词haben, sein, werden 第二虚拟式 ⑥ ⑦情态动词第二虚拟式

⑧特例：一些强变化动词和混合变化动词在构成第二虚拟式时元音和直陈式 过去时元音不一样，如： 但是这种形式现在用的比较少，常使用Würden+不定式。 ⑨特例：混合动词 senden 和 wenden 在第二虚拟式中一般用弱变化形式， 如： ⑩ ?过去时： 第二虚拟式过去时结构如下： 助动词haben/sein第二虚拟式形式+过去分词 需要注意的是： ?所有表示过去的直陈式形式改为虚拟式时，都用这种形式。

?sein第二人称形式du w?r e st 中间的e可以省略，即du w?rst. 三，被动态 四，第二虚拟式的代替形式 würde + 不定式 ?口语中，大部分动词的第二虚拟式由würden+不定式的形式来代替，如 Ich würde dich gern einladen. ?haben和sein的第二虚拟式形式很少用würde 形式来代替，情态动词几乎不用该形式代替。 ?但是，要避免住从句中都用würden形式。 Wenn ich dort eine Arbeit finden würde, würde ich an der See bleiben.(X) 五，第二虚拟式的用法 第二虚拟式主要表示一种非现实的情况。也常用于客套句中，表示婉转的请求、提问、谦虚的态度或者礼节性对话。 ①礼貌表达（客套句） ?K?nnten Sie mir bitte Handtaschen zeigen? ?K?nnte ich bitte mal das Salz haben? ?Würden so freundlich sein und mir helfen?

高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气

新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

虚拟语气用法详解 (2)

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：

虚拟语气教案 (2)

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虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world should come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat. （表示可能性小） 但其实，高中英语考试也常考：

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If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑 I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？ Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......） Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......） Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......） If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。） If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来） He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.

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