初中宾语从句精讲精练

宾语从句精讲

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在复合句中充当主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。如：I know that the man is a policeman.

主句引导词从句

宾语从句三要素:连接词、语序和时态。

Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

My teacher said I was a good boy. 老师说我是个好男孩。

I am sure (that) he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

(1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t know. →I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.

(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know? →Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?

注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况

?①与or not连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.

?②在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.

?③在不定式之前：We haven’t decided whether to go there.

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：

(1).What is she doing? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me what she is doing?

(2).Where does she live? Do you know? →Do you know where she lives?

当从句的原句以what, who，which等疑问词作从句主语时，语序不变：

e.g. I don’t know what’s wrong with her. Can you tell me who is over there?

Ⅲ.宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任意时态。

I don’t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

特殊情况：

1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.

2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

宾语从句精练

1.I hope ________ it will snow this winter.

A. when

B. if

C. whether

D./

答案及解析：D hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2.—I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English.

A.why

B. when

C. how

D. where

答案及解析：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。

3.I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.

A. whether

B. why

C. what

D. how

答案及解析：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。

4.—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.

—Sorry，I don’t know.

A.where does Mr. Li live

B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives

D. where Mr. Li lived

答案及解析：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断，问的是“现在住哪儿？”。

5.—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？

—Sorry，I have no idea.

A.／；bought

B. has；bought

C. did；buy

D. does；buy

答案及解析：A do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该使用过去时态和陈述语序。

6.I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.

A. that

B. whether

C. why

D. where

答案及解析：C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。

7.—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?

—Sorry，I have no idea.

A. how much did she pay for

B. how much will she pay for

C. how much she paid for

D. how much she will pay for

答案及解析：C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。

8.I don’t know ________ tomorrow. Can you tell me?

A. when we started

B. when did we start

C. when we will start

D. when will we start

答案及解析：C由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。

9.In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ______Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. if

答案及解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。

10.I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.

A. that how

B. how that

C. when that

D. that when

答案及解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。

11.—I wonder ________.

—Zebras.

A. what do they call these animals

B. how they call these animals

C. what they call these animals

D. how do they call these animals

答案及解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。

12. The old man told us _______ and ________.

A. to do what, to do how

B. what to do it, how to do it

C. what to do, how to do it

D. what to do, how to do 答案及解析：疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做do 的宾语；而在how 引导的不定式短语中，how 表示方式，do 为及物动词，因此需接宾语才正确。应选C

13.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.

A. went

B. turned

C. go

D. turns

答案及解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。应选 D

21. He asked me ________ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.

A. that

B. if

C. how

D. what

22. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ________?

-Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.

A. where can I buy some CDs

B. where I can buy some CDs

C. when can I buy some CDs

D. when I can buy some CDs

23. I don’t know if my uncle ________. If he ________, I will be very happy.

A. comes; will come

B. will come; will come

C. comes; comes

D. will come; comes

24. My physics teacher said that light ________ faster than sound.

A. travel

B. travels

C. traveled

25. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me ________ now?

A. how fast are you

B. how fast you are

C. how tall are you

D. how tall you are

26. -Excuse me, could you tell me ________?

-Certainly. Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.

A. where the post office is

B. when you will visit the museum

C. where is the post office

D. when will you visit the museum

27. I wanted to know ________, but no one would like to tell me.

A. what did the old man say

B. what the old man need

C. what did the old man want

D. what the old man meant

28. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ________?

-Yes. There is a video shop on River Road.

A. where can I buy some CDs

B. where I can buy some CDs

C. when can I buy some CDs

D. when I can buy some CDs

29. -Do you think ________ a concert in our school hall this weekend?

-Yes, there will.

A. there will have

B. there will be

C. will there be

D. will there have

30. -Could you please tell me ________?

-It’s next to the hotel.

A. where is the museum

B. the museum is where

C. where the museum is

21 B。考查if引导的宾语从句。结合题意“他问我我们是否能乘飞机去北京看比赛”

22 B。从语序方面先排除A、C二项；另结合答语“There is a video shop next to the tall building.”

23 D

24 B。“光传播的速度比声音快”是客观事实，故用一般现在时，light是第三人称单数形式

25 D

26 A。宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，故排除C、D二项；由答语“Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.”可选A。

27 D。由语序先排除A、C二项，主句是一般过去时，从句应为相应的过去某个时态，排除B。

28 B。在宾语从句中，从句要用陈述语序。分析比较四个选项可先排除A、C；另结合答语“There is a

video shop on River Road.”可舍D选B。

29 B。在宾语从句中，从句要用陈述语序，先排除C、D；另there be的将来时为there will be，

30 C

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定语从句精讲精练 一?定语从句及相关术语 1?定语从句：修饰一个_______ 或_______的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2?关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有_____________ 和________________ 。关系代词有_____ ___________________ 等； 关系副词有__________________________________ 等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 三限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only pers on that I could depe nd on. 非限制性定语从句举例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 考点分析： 一限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况(1) Have you take n dow n everyth ing _______ Mr. Li has said? (2) _____ that can be done has bee n done. (3) The first place _________ t hey visited in London was the Big Ben. (4) This is the best film ______ I have see n. (5) This is the very dictio nary _________ I want to buy. (6) Who is the man ________ i s sta nding there? (7) Can you remember the scie ntist and his theory _________ we have lear ned? 1 .当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时，如1,2 2. 当先行词被 ___________ 修饰，如3 3. 当先行词被 _____________ 修饰时,如4 4. 当形容词被 _____ , the only修饰时，如5 5. 当先行词前面有 ________ , which等疑问代词时，如6 6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时，如7 二定语从句只用which的情况 1The room in ______ I study is very cool in summer. 2He bought the book yesterday, ________ he enjoyed very much. 3He stole some mon ey, ________ made his father an gry. 4What' s that _________ w as put in the box? 5Let me show you the no vel that I borrowed from the library _________ was n ewly ope n to us. 1 ________ 在关系代词前，只用which 2. ______ 中，做主语和宾语只用which 3. 代替前面的话，翻译为这一点，这件事”。只能用which 4. _______________ 先行词为, those时，只用which 5. _______________________________ 有两个定语从句时，前面用，后面用，避免重复 三介词+关系代词 “ of + which/whom可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。 1. In the dark street, there wasn ' t a single person ______________ s he could turn for help. 关系代词前介词的确定 1 Is that the n ewspaper __________ you ofte n write articles? 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系， 2. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms ___________ I ' m sure. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： 3. 1949 was the year _______ the P.R.C. was fou nded. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯， 4. There are 50 stude nts in our class, two- thirds of _________ h ave bee n to Beiji ng. 非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用数词/代词+ of +关系代词”的结构，如: 5. They live in a house, whose door ope ns to the south. They lived in a house, __________ the door ope ns to the south. They lived in a house, the door _____________ ope n to the south.