中科院考博英语形近词辨析

形近词辨析

A

1．adept adopt adapt

adept

adj．（与 at， in 连用）熟练的；精通的

She was adept at the fine art of irritating people．n．内行；老手

adopt

vt．收养；采取；采用

They adopted our methods．

正式通过；采纳

The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favor to 10 against it．

adapt

vt．使适应；使适合

He adapted himself to the cold weather．

When he moved to Canada， the children adapted to the change very well．

2．adopted adoptive

adopted

adj．被收养的，被采纳的

an adopted child

an adopted advice

adoptive

adj．收养（孩子）的

an adoptive mother

3．averse adverse

averse

adj．（常与to连用）嫌恶的

I am not averse to a dance party and a good mean after

a week's hard work．

The minister is averse to/from flattery．

adverse

adj．不利的；相反的

an adverse decision

Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business．

4．affection affectation

affection

n．友爱，爱情，影响，疾病，倾向

affectation

n．假装，虚饰，做作

5．altitude latitude longitude multitude attitude aptitude

altitude

n．（海拔）高度

At high altitudes of Tibet it is difficult to breathe．

高处

The plane flew at an altitude of 20000 metres．latitude

n．纬度，范围， (用复数)地区，行动或言论的自由(范围) longitude

n．经度，经线

multitude n．多数，群众

attitude

n．姿势；态度

People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely．

看法；意见

What is the Municipal Authority's attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?

aptitude

n．能力；才能；天资

6．angle angel

angle

n．角；角度

a right angle

角落；墙角；棱角

观点；看法；看问题的角度

to consider all angles of the question

The professor angled his report to suit the audience he was speaking to．

vt．转动一个角度

to angle a camera

带成见地描述（某事）

He angles his reports to please his editor in chief．

用钩和钓钓鱼

He is keen on angling．

（与 for 连用）运用手段获得，攫取

angel

n．天使；守护神；仁慈、漂亮的女人

7．announce denounce renounce pronounce announce

vt．通告；发表；宣布，宣告

The captain announced that the plane was going to land．

denounce

vt．揭发；告发；斥责

renounce

vt．正式放弃

He renounced his claim to the property．

宣布断绝关系

He renounced his religion．

ronounce

vt．& vi．发音；发出…音

How do you pronounce c-l-e-r-k?

宣称；宣告；断言

The expert pronounced the picture to be a forgery．Everyone pronounced the party to be very good．（常与on， for， against， in favor of连用）〈法〉宣判

The judge pronounced sentence on the prisoner．8． annual annul annual

adj．每年的；一年一次的

an annual event

annul

vt．取消，废除（婚姻、契约等）

9．apposite opposite

apposite

adj．适当的

opposite

adj．相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的，对等的；对应的n．相反的事物

10．appraise apprise praise

appraise

vt．评估，评价，鉴定

apprise

vt．通知；告知

She was apprised of our arrival．

The secretary came to apprise us that the erection of the monster machine had been successfully completed．

praise

vt．赞美；赞扬；歌颂；赞颂

She praised her daughter's hard work．11．apprehensive comprehensive

apprehensive

adj．忧虑的；担心的

apprehensive for sb．'s safety

comprehensive

adj．全面的；广泛的；包含内容多的；详尽的

The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry．

12 argument augment

argument

n．争论，辩论，论据，论点，～ (for，against)，意见augment

vt．& vi．增大；增加

13． ascribe describe prescribe subscribe inscribe proscribe

ascribe

vt．归因于，归咎于

describe

vt．描写，记述，形容，形容

v．描述

prescribe

vt．&vi．开药方；处方；命令；规定

The law prescribes what should be done．

What punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?

The doctor prescribed total abstinence．

subscribe

vt．& vi．（常与to，for连用）捐款；捐助；订购（报纸、杂志等）

（常与 to 连用）同意，赞同

inscribe

vt．（常与 in，on，with 连用）题写；铭刻

She inscribed her own name on the textbook．

（常与to连用）题名

This book I inscribe to my old comrades-in-arms．proscribe

vt．禁止

14． assent ascent assent

vi．（常与to连用）同意

ascent

n．上升，(地位，声望等的)提高，攀登，上坡路15．dissent descent decent

dissent

vi．（常与 from 连用）持异议；不同意；意见不一致He and I dissented from each other in choosing a suitable candidate．

descent

n．下降；下滑；降下；下来；血统；遗传

He traces his descent from an old Norman family．decent

adj体面的，合适的

16． assume resume consume presume assume

vt．假定；假设

I assume you always get up at the same time．采用；承担

to assume new duties

resume

n．摘要，概略，<美>履历

vt．再继续，重新开始，重新占用，再用，恢复consume

vt．& vi．吃，喝；消耗；消费；花费

His old car consumed much gasoline．

毁灭；烧毁

The fire soon consumed the old wooden

buildings in the neighborhood．

presume

vt．&vi．（常与 that 连用）假定；假设；认为

I presume from your speech that you are a foreigner．

You must presume no such thing．

当作；姑且认为

If a person is missing for 7 years， he is presumed dead．

（常与 to + inf 连用）放肆；擅作主张

A servant ought not to presume．

（与 on， upon 连用）指望；寄希望于…

We must not presume too mush on the reliability of such sources．

17．avocation vocation vacation

avocation

n．(个人)副业，业余爱好

vocation

n．职业；行业；天职；使命

vacation

n．假期

I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college vacation．

18．authentic authoritative

authentic

真实的：与事实相符并且值得相信、信赖的：

an authentic account by an eyewitness．

真正的：有着经证实的来源或创作者的；非伪造的或非复制的：

an authentic medieval sword．

一把真正的中世纪剑

authoritative

adj．（形容词）官方的：有着或由政府发起的；官方的：an authoritative decree；authoritative sources

权威性的：拥有公认的精确性或优秀性的；极可信赖的：an authoritative account of the revolution．

专断的：行使权力的；命令的：

the captain's authoritative manner．

19．adjoin adjacent adjourn

adjoin

vt．毗连；临近；贴近

Our house adjoins theirs．

adjacent

adj．(与 to 连用）相邻的，邻近的

adjourn

vt．& vi．

延期；休会，会议暂停

The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday．20．admire admiral

admire

v．赞美，钦佩，羡慕

admiral

n．海军上将，舰队司令，旗舰

21．adore adorn

adore

vt．崇拜；敬爱；敬重；非常喜欢

He adores the cinema．

She adores going to the volleyball match．

adorn

vt．装饰

She likes to adorn herself with jewels．

增加…的重要性或吸引力

He tried to adorn his story with a lot of lies 22．appliance applicant application appliance

n．用具，器具

applicant

n．申请者，请求者

application

n．请求，申请，申请表，应用，运用

23．alley ally

alley

n．小路，巷， (花园里两边有树篱的)小径

ally

v．结盟，与．．．(在血统，性质等上)有关联，同盟n．同盟国，支持者

24．accession access

accession

n．就职，就任，添加，增加

access

n．通路，访问，入门

vt．存取，接近

B

1． bull bully

bull

n．公牛，粗壮如牛的人；乐观进取的人；胡扯；废话bully

vt．威吓；欺侮；以强凌弱

He's always bullying smaller boys．

2．bandage bondage

bandage

n．绷带

bondage

n．奴役，束缚

3．bread bead

bread

n．面包

4．bump dump jump hump lump plump pump bump

n．撞击，肿块

v．碰(伤)，撞(破)，颠簸

dump

vt．倾倒(垃圾)，倾卸

n．堆存处

jump

n．跳跃，上涨，惊跳

vt．跳跃，跃过，突升，使跳跃

vi．跳跃，暴涨

hump

n．驼峰，驼背，小园丘，峰丘

v．(使)隆起，弓起

lump

n．块（尤指小块），肿块，笨人

vt．使成块状，混在一起．

plump

adj．圆胖的，丰满的，鼓起的

vt．突然放下，使丰满，使鼓起

vi．变丰满，鼓起

pump

n．泵，抽水机

vt．(用泵)抽(水)，抽吸

5．beach breach bleach

beach

n．海滨；湖滨；河滩

The little beach hotel has a pleasant ambient breach

n．（常与 of 连用）违背；不履行；破坏

in breach of contract

Your company is in breach of the contract．bleach

vt．&vi．使变白

Did you bleach this table cloth?

bead

n．珠子，水珠

vt．祈祷

6．bride bribe

bride

n．新娘

bribe

n．&vt．贿赂

7．boom broom

boom

n．&v．繁荣，兴旺

broom

n．扫帚

8．buffet buffer

buffet

n．餐具柜，小卖部，殴打，打击

vt．①连续地打击②搏斗

buffer

vt．缓冲、缓和

C

1．censor censure

censor

n．检查员

vt．检查，审查

censure

v．责难

n．责难

2．cession session

cession

n．割让，转让， [律]让与(他人)债权

session

n．（官方机构的）会议，会期，开会期

The general session approved the report of the investigation committee．

学期；大学的学期

3． clash crush crash

clash

n．冲突，撞击声，抵触

the clash of weapons

clash of interests

a clash with the police

I failed to go to her wedding because it clashed with my examination．

战斗

It is broadcast that the two armies clashed near the borderline again before dawn．

vi．& vt．

冲突

The enemy armies clashed．

（事情）在时间上相冲突

It's a pity the two concerts clash．

（常与 with 连用）（色彩）不协调

This shirt clashes with your trousers．

crush

vt．& vi．

压碎；压坏；碾碎；挤压；塞

to crush one's way through the crowd

破坏；镇压；压服

to crush all opposition

crash

n．碰撞，坠落，坠毁，撞击声，爆裂声

v．碰撞，坠落，坠毁， (指商业公司，政府等)&破产，垮台

4． classic classical

classic

n．杰作，名著

adj．第一流的

classical

adj．古典的，正统派的，古典文学的

5． clench clinch

clench

vt．&vi．紧合；咬紧（牙关）；捏紧（拳头）

She clenched her teeth when she was operated on．紧握；抓牢

The girl clenched her money in her hand．

clinch

vt．& vi．敲弯钉头钉牢；钉住；把（木头）钉牢在一起；确定；决定（贸易等）；达成买卖或合同

The two companies clinched the deal quickly．The offer of more money clinched it for her．She agree to undertake the job as the assistant to the managing director．

6．coarse hoarse roar

coarse

adj．粗的；粗糙的；未精炼的；（表面）不光滑的coarse cloth

粗鲁的；鲁莽的；不礼貌的

coarse talk

hoarse

adj．嘶哑的

His voice was hoarse after talking for an hour．roar

n．吼声；咆哮声

the roar of an angry lion

The lion gave a loud roar．

7． canvass canvas

canvas

n．粗帆布；一块油画布

The young artist showed me his recent canvases．canvass

n．细查，讨论，劝诱

vt．彻底检查，细究，向．．．拉票或拉生意，讨论vi．游说，拉选票

8． cannon canon

cannon

n．加农炮；大炮

canon

n．教规，宗教法规

9． credible credulous

credible

adj．可信的；可靠的

credulous

adj．轻信别人的

10．continual continuous

continual

adj．连续的

Recently the young couple have continual arguments with each other for trifles．

continuous

adj．不断的

continuous rain all day

11．collide collude

collide

vi．互撞；碰撞；（车、船等）猛撞

The two trains collided．

冲突；反对；强烈抵触(with)

collude

vi．共谋；勾结；串通(with)

12． comment commend

comment

n．注释，评论，意见

vi．注释，评论(on )

commend

vt．称赞，表扬，推荐，委托，吸引

13． compel expel propel repel

compel

vt．强迫，迫使

expel

vt赶走：驱逐或把…赶出去：

expel an invader．

排出：从容器里或象从容器里释放；被迫离开；把…除名：expelled the student from college for cheating．See Synonyms at eject

propel

vt．推进，推动；驱策

repel

vt．击退；逐退

to repel an attack

使厌恶；使反感

His accent repels me．

14． contemporary temporary

contemporary

n．同时代的人

adj．当代的，同时代的

temporary

adj．暂时的，临时的，临时性

15． contemptuous contemptible

contemptuous

adj．（常与 of 连用）表示轻蔑的；傲慢的

a contemptuous look

contemptible

adj．卑劣的

It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher!

It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend! 16． confer infer refer prefer defer confer

vt．授予(称号、学位等)on，赠与，把．．．赠与，协议

v．协商，交换意见(on)

The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident．

infer

vt．推断；推知；推论

to infer an unknown fact from a known fact

I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet．

refer

vt．& vi．（常与to连用）涉及；提到；针对；有关The new law does not refer to farm land．

提交；交付

The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers．

prefer

vt．（常与to连用）更喜欢；宁愿

to prefer coffee to

Which of these two dresses do you prefer? defer

vt．推迟；延期

vt．（与to连用）服从；顺从

Do you always defer to your parents’ wishes? 17． consequent subsequent

consequent

adj．作为结果的

subsequent

adj．随后的，后来的；继起的

18． conventional convenient

conventional

adj．惯例的，常规的，习俗的，传统的

convenient

adj．便利的，方便的

19． confidant confidante confident confidential

confidant

n．知己男友

confidante

n．知己的女友

confident

adj．确信的；有信心的；自信的

Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director．

confidential

adj．机密的；秘密的

a confidential order

参与机密的；视为心腹的

a confidential secretary

20． convert divert invert revert reverse convert

vt．（常与 into 连用）转变；变换

to convert an old house into a new one

That building has been converted into a school．兑换

I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars．

改变信仰、党派或意见等

She managed to convert him to her opinion．

divert

vt．转向；转移

A ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields．

Traffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main road．

The government is planning to divert the river to supply water to the town．

A loud noise from the street diverted my attention．invert

vt．置于相反位置；上下倒置

The little boy caught the insect by inverting the cup over it．

revert

vi．（与to连用）恢复原状；回复；回到（原来话题）；（财产等）归复，归还

reverse

vt．倒退；倒转

He reversed the car．

翻转

She reversed the paper．

改变；使成相反的东西

He reversed the judgment and set the prisoner free after all．

21． counsel consul council

counsel

n．讨论，商议，辩护律师

vt．劝告，忠告

consul

n．领事

council

n．政务会，理事会，委员会，参议会，讨论会议，顾问班子，立法班子

22．conscious conscientious

conscious

adj．有意识的；神志清醒的

He is hurt but still conscious．

了解的；察觉的

She was not conscious of his presence in the room．刻意的：故意设计或做的；刻意的：

a conscious insult。

made a conscious effort to speak more clearly。conscientious

adj．凭良心的；谨慎的；尽责的

a conscientious piece of work

Be conscientious and make a good job of publishing．23． cosmic comic

cosmic

adj．宇宙的

comic

n．滑稽演员adj．滑稽的，喜剧的

24． commerce commence

commerce

n．商业

commence

v．开始，着手

25． complexion complex

complexion

n．面色，肤色，情况，局面

complex

adj．复杂的，合成的，综合的

26． compulsive compulsory

compulsive

adj．强制的，强迫的，由强迫产生的，禁不住的compulsory

adj．必需做的，必修的，被强迫的，被强制的，义务的

D

1． decease disease

decease

n．死亡

disease

n．疾病，弊病

2． definite definitive

definite

adj．明确的，一定的

definitive

adj．最后的，确定的，权威性的

3． desert dessert

desert

n．沙漠，应得的赏罚，功过

adj．沙漠的，不毛的，荒凉的

vt．放弃，遗弃，逃跑

vi．逃掉，逃亡，开小差

dessert

n．餐后甜点

4． desirable desirous

desirable

adj．值得做的；值得想望的；值得弄到手的

It is most desirable that he should attend the conference．

desirous

adj．（与of连用）渴望的，想…的

5． diary dairy

diary

n．日记

dairy

n．牛奶场，奶品场，售牛奶，奶油

6． diploma diplomat diplomacy diplomatic diploma

n．文凭，毕业证书，证明权力、特权、荣誉等的证书，

奖状

diplomat

n．外交官，有外交手腕的人，有权谋的人

diplomacy

n．外交

diplomatic

adj．外交的，老练的

7． disclaim reclaim exclaim proclaim acclaim claim

disclaim

v．放弃，弃权，拒绝

reclaim

vt．要求归还，收回，开垦

exclaim

v．呼喊，惊叫，大声叫

proclaim

vt．宣布，声明，显示，显露

acclaim

vt．欢呼，欢呼着拥戴；欢呼着同意

claim

n．(根据权利提出)要求，主张，要求而得到的东西vt．(根据权利)要求，认领，声称，主张，需要

8．discreet discrete

discreet

adj．小心的，慎重的，有思虑的，贤明的

discrete

adj．离散的；分立的；不连续的

9． distinct distinctive

distinct

adj．清楚的，明显的，截然不同的，独特的

distinctive

adj．与众不同的，有特色的

10． donate denote

donate

v．捐赠，赠予

denote

vt．指示，表示

11． dwindle bewilder

dwindle

v．缩小

bewilder

vt．使迷惑，使不知所措，使昏乱

12．dual duel

dual

adj．双的，二重的，双重

duel

n．决斗，两个人争斗；争辩；双方抗争

13．disinterested uninterested

disinterested

adj．公正无私的；无偏见的；客观的

His action was not altogether disinterested．uninterested

adj．不感兴趣的

Settle your own argument - I'm quite uninterested!

14．dissemble disassemble

dissemble

vt．， vi．

隐藏，掩饰（思想、感情等）

disassemble

vt．解开，分解

E

1． eradicate erase

eradicate

vt根除：连根撕碎，清除，扑灭，根除

Their goal was to eradicate poverty．

erase

vt．擦掉，抹掉；通过用橡皮涂抹或刮除（字迹或图形等）；删除：从磁带或其它存储介质上消除掉（记录的信息）

erased a file from the diskette．

erased the videocassette．

使忘却：象涂抹掉一样消除、消灭：

had to erase all thoughts of failure from his mind．

2．elicit illicit explicit elite implicit

elicit

vt．诱出，引出（事实等）

illicit

adj．违法的

explicit

adj．清楚的，明确的

elite

n．精英

implicit

adj．暗示的，含蓄的，绝对的，完全的

3． eligible illegible

eligible

adj．符合条件的,合格的

Are you eligible to join this club？

I know an eligible young lady who would be an excellent cooperator for you．

illegible

adj．难辨认的,字迹模糊的

4．emergence emergency

emergence

n．出现；显露，暴露

emergency

n．紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件

5． eminent imminent element eliminate eminent

adj．显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的

imminent

adj．即将来临的,逼近的

element

n．要素,元素,成分,元件,自然环境

eliminate

vt．排除,消除

v．除去

6． erotic exotic

erotic

adj．色情的

n．好色之徒

exotic

adj．外来的，外国来的；异乎寻常的

an exotic purple bird

7． exalt exult

exalt

vt．赞扬；歌颂；提升；晋升

exult

vi．狂喜；欢跃

The people exulted at the victory．

The people all over the country exulted in the success in launching a new satellite．

8． exhaustive exhausted xhausting

exhaustive

adj．彻底的,详尽的

to make an exhaustive study

An exhaustive investigation of the facts proves the contrary．

exhausted

adj．(令人）耗尽的,疲惫的

exhausting

adj．使用尽的,令人疲乏不堪的

F

1．facility facilitate

facility

n．灵巧，熟练

He has great facility in learning languages．

Her facility with / in languages is surprising．(pl)设施，设备

There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen．Are there washing facilities in the school? facilitate

vt．使容易；使便利

It would facilitate matters if you were

moreco-operative。

The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city．

2． fiance fiancee finance

fiance

n．未婚夫

fiancee

n．未婚妻

finance

n．财政,金融,财政学

vt．供给．．．经费,负担经费

vi．筹措资金

G

1．genius genus genuine genius

n．天才,天赋,天才人物

genus

n．种类；属

genuine

adj．真实的,真正的,诚恳的，非伪造的

2．graceful gracious

graceful

adj．（身体的姿态和动作）优美的，优雅的

a graceful young girl

a graceful young cat

得体的

gracious

adj．亲切的；和蔼的；慈祥的

She welcomed her guests in a gracious manner．优裕的；舒适的

gracious living

H

1．hammer hamper

hammer

n．铁锤,槌,锤子

v．锤击,锤打

hamper

vt．妨碍，阻碍

The snow hampered my movements．

2． heroin heroine

heroin

n．海洛因,吗啡

heroine

n．女英雄,女主人公

3．hypercritical hypocritical

hypercritical

adj．过分苛求的，吹毛求疵的

hypocritical

adj．伪善的，虚伪的

hypocritical praise．

a hypocritical rogue．

I

1． illusion allusion

illusion

n．幻觉；幻影；错觉

I have no illusions about his ability．

allusion

n．提及, 暗示

2． imitate intimate intimidate initiate imitate

vt．效法；模仿

The little boy imitated his father．

James can imitate his teacher's speech perfectly．模拟；假装；学

Parrots imitate human speech．

仿制

Wood is often painted to imitate stone．intimate

adj．亲近的；亲密的；熟悉的

intimate friends

Do you believe these two intimate friends used to be mutual sworn enemies?

个人的；私人的

an intimate diary

intimidate

vt．胁迫；威迫

He said he would never be intimidated by big names and authorities．

initiate

vt．开始,发动,传授

v．开始,发起

3． imperial imperious empirical

imperial

adj．帝王的；帝国的

imperious

adj．傲慢的；专横的；紧急的

empirical

adj．完全根据经验的,经验主义的

4． indigenous indignant

indigenous

adj．土产的；本地的

Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia．

indignant

adj．愤怒的,愤慨的

5． incomparable uncomparable

incomparable

adj．无与伦比的,卓越的

uncomparable

adj．(两者由于无共同特性）无法比较的

6． ingenuous ingenious

ingenuous

adj．坦白的,自然的,直率的

ingenious

adj．机灵的,有独创性的,精制的,具有创造才能

7．inhabit inhibit

inhabit

vt．居住

a district sparsely inhabited

inhibit

vt．（常与 from 连用）阻止；抑制

an inhibited person

8． interference inference

interference

n．干涉；阻挠

inference

n．推论，推断；推断的结果，结论

9． imaginative imaginary imaginable imaginative

adj．富于想象的；有想象力的

imaginative writers

imaginary adj．想象的；虚构的

He told a story about an imaginary land．imaginable

adj．可想象的,可能的

10． immense immerse

immense

adj．极大的

He made an immense amount of money in business．The performance was immense．

i mmerse

vt．（常与 in 连用）浸入

immerse one's head in the water

（常与 in 连用）沉浸于；沉溺于

The professor was so immersed in her work that she didn't notice me．

The whole town was immersed in a festival atmosp

J

1．judicious judicial

judicious

adj．明智的；有判断力的；有见识的

judicial

adj．司法的,法院的,公正的,明断的

L

1． literal literate literature literary literal

adj．精确的

a literal account of a conversation

逐字翻译的；照字面的；原意的

literate

n．学者

adj．

有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的

literature

n．文学(作品),文艺,著作,文献

literary

adj．文学的；著作的；研究文学的；文言的

2． little litter

little

n．少许,一会儿,短时间

adj．很少的,矮小的,短暂的,琐碎的

adv．很少,稍微,完全不

litter

n．垃圾

vt．乱丢,铺草,弄乱

vi．产仔,乱丢垃圾

3． loot root

loot

v．掠夺,抢劫,劫掠

n．掠夺物,战利品,抢劫

root

n．根,根部,根本,根源

v．(使)生根,(使)扎根,使立定不动,坚定不移,确立4． luxuriant luxurious

luxuriant

adj．繁茂的；丰富的

Luxuriant forests covered the hillside．

多产的

luxurious

adj．舒适的；豪华的

a luxurious hotel

奢侈的；贪图享受的

She had luxurious habits．

M

1． massage message

massage

vt．按摩；推拿

message

n．消息；音信

I have sent mother a message to tell her I shall be home late．

There's a message for you from your cousin．

要旨；要点

the message of this book

2．material materiel

material

n．材料,原料,物资,素材,布料

adj．物质的,肉体的,具体的,重要的,实质性的

materiel

n．军用品，装备，设施

3．mediate meditate

mediate

vi．（常与 between 连用）调停；斡旋

meditate

vi．（常与 on /upon 连用）考虑；深思；冥想；反省；策划；仔细计划

4． moral morale

moral

adj．道德(上)的,精神的

n．道德

morale

n．士气, 民心

N

1． negligible negligent

negligible

adj．可以忽略的,不予重视的

negligent

adj．疏忽的,粗心大意的

2．notable noticeable

notable

adj．显著的,著名的

noticeable

adj．显而易见的

The hole in your trousers is not noticeable．

O

1． official officious

official

n．官员,公务员

adj．职务上的,公务的,官方的,正式的officious

adj．爱发命令的；专横的；好出主意的2． optional optical optimal optional

adj．可选择的,随意的

optical

adj．眼的,视力的,光学的

optimal

adj．最佳的,最理想的

3． ordinance ordnance

ordinance

n．法令；条例

ordnance

n．大炮；炮兵；军械；军需品

P

1． perpetrate perpetuate perpetrate

vt．作（恶）；犯（罪）；为（非）perpetuate

vt．使永存, 使不朽

2． persecute prosecute persecute

vt．迫害

prosecute

vt．告发；检举

He was prosecuted for robbery．3． perspective prospective perspective

n．远景,前途,观点；看法,观点prospective

adj．未来的；盼望中的；预期的prospective benefits

4． physicist physician physicist

n．物理学者,唯物论者

physician

n．医生；内科医生

5． popular populace populous popular

adj．通俗的,流行的,受欢迎的

populace

n．平民；大众；老百姓

populous

adj．

人口多的,人口稠密的

6． portable potable

portable

adj．轻便的,手提(式)的,便携式的potable

adj．适于饮用的

n．饮料

7． practicable practical

practicable

adj．能实行的,行得通的,可以实行的

practical

adj．实际的,实践的, 实用的, 应用的, 有实际经验的8． principal principle

principal

n．负责人,首长,校长,主犯,本金

adj．主要的,首要的

principle

n．法则,原则,原理

9． profile profit

profile

n．剖面,侧面,外形,轮廓

profit

n．利润,益处,得益

vi．得益,利用

vt．有益于,有利于

10 peel peep peek peer

peel

n．果皮

vt&vi．削皮，剥落

peep

n &vi．偷看、窥视(at)

peek

n&vi．偷看、窥视(at)

peer

vi．凝视（at）

11． promise premise

promise

vt．允诺,答应

n．允诺,答应,许诺

premise

n．前提

vt．提论,预述,假定

vi．作出前提

12． proper prosper

proper

adj．正当的；适当的

prosper

vi．&vt．发达,繁荣；昌盛

His company is prospering．

13． prescribe proscribe

prescribe

vt．&vi．开药方；处方；命令；规定

The law prescribes what should be done．proscribe

vt．禁止；放逐

14． personality personalty

personality

n．人格；个性

a strong personality

personalty n．个人财产

15． parish perish

parish

n．教区；行政教区；地方自治区；（熟知该区情况的警察、出租汽车司机的）工作区域

perish

vi．&vt．死；暴卒；毁灭；损坏；枯萎

Flowers perish when frost comes．

R

1． responsive responsible

responsive

adj．（常与to连用）反应的；易反应的

She is responsive to kindness．

responsible

adj．（常与to,for连用）有责任的；应负责任的

The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety．

2． reward award

reward

n．报酬,奖金

vt．酬劳,奖赏

award

vt．颁奖，授奖

The school awarded Merry a prize (for her good work)．

S

1． sanction sanitation

sanction

n．批准；允许；认可；制裁；处罚；约束力

Poetry is one of the sanctions of life．Sanitation

n．公共卫生；保持公共卫生；公共卫生设施

2． secret secretive

secret

n．秘密,秘诀,奥秘

adj．（事物）秘密的,隐秘的,幽静的、

secretive

adj．(人）守口如瓶的

3． sob sober somber

sob

v．哭诉,(风等)发呜咽声,哭泣

n．呜咽,哭泣

sober

adj．未醉的；清醒的；审慎的；严肃的；庄重的；不加装饰的；朴素无华的

somber

adj．

忧郁的，郁闷的；阴暗的；幽暗的

4． solemn sole

solemn

adj．庄严的,隆重的，严肃的

sole

adj．单独的,唯一的

n．脚底,鞋底,基础

v．换鞋底

5． status statute stature statue

status

n．身份,地位,情形,状况

statute

n．法令,条例

stature

n．身高,身材

statue

vt．以雕像装饰

n．雕像

6． stationary stationery

stationary

adj．固定的；不动的

Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off．stationery

n．文具,信纸

7．stimulate simulate simultaneous spontaneous instantaneous

stimulate

vt．激励，鼓励；使兴奋

simulate

vt．模拟,模仿；假装, 冒充

simultaneous

adj．同时的,同时发生的

spontaneous

adj．（行为）自发的，无意识的；（现象）自然产生的The eruption of a volcano is spontaneou

The two suddenly embraced in a spontaneous gesture of affection．

instantaneous

adj．瞬间的,即刻的,即时的

8．subside subsidy subsidize subsist

subside

vi．（土地）下陷，凹陷；（恶劣的气候或其他激烈的情况）平息，消退，平静；下沉；落下；坐下

subsidy

n．补贴；补助金

subsidize

vt．资助；津贴

subsist

vi．生存；维持生活

9． summit submit

summit

n．顶点,最高阶层

adj．政府首脑的

vi．参加最高级会议的

submit

v．(使)服从,(使)顺从

vt．提交,递交

10．synonymous anonymous unanimous synonymous adj．（后面与 with 连用）同义的

anonymous

adj．匿名的

unanimous

adj．全体一致的，无异议的

He was elected with unanimous approval．

一致通过的

The whole school was unanimous in its approval of the head-master's plan．

11．surpass trespass compass

surpass

vt．超越,胜过

trespass

vi．（常与 on, upon 连用）非法侵入；

The farmer said we were trespassing．

（与 on 连用）侵扰，打扰

I won't trespass upon your time any longer．compass

n．指南针，类似指南针的仪器；圆规；两脚规

T

1．t erminate exterminate

terminate

vt．& vi．终止；终结；结束

a display of fireworks that terminated the festivities．

The oil pipeline terminates at a shipping port．Negotiations terminated yesterday

exterminate

vt．消灭；杀绝

2． terrorist territory

terrorist

n．恐怖分子

territory

n．领土；版图；领地

3．temper t emperate temperature temperament temperance temperamental

temper

n．脾气；性情；心情

in a good temper

闹情绪；发脾气

He's in a temper today．

t emperate

adj．有节制的, 适度的, 戒酒的；(气候)温和的temperature

n．温度

temperament

n．气质；性情；性格

temperance

n．节欲,戒酒,禁酒,(气候等的)温和

temperamental

adj．出自本性的；本质的；喜怒无常的；易冲动发火的

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2001.3

2002.3 2002.10

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Bear on 涉及关于对…施加压力；与??有关；对…有影响；瞄准 Bear out 证明证实支持 Be boiled cbwn to 被归结为 Obsession with 着迷 Observation 观察 Obsolete 废弃废除 Obsce ne 淫秽的；猥亵的；可憎的 Obvious 明显的 Oblique 倾斜不正 Oblige 被迫做 裁判 Arbitrate进行仲裁 In terve ning 干涉斡旋 Referee 担任裁判 Mediate 调停调节斡旋居中 Media 传媒 Coordi nate 协调

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