大学英语一课程讲义第二单元Unit2

Part I Get Started

Section A : Study the Following Quotes

⊙Whoever is not acquainted with foreign languages knows nothing of his own.

— Goethe

⊙Language is not an abstract (抽象的) construction of the learned (有学问的人), or of dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.

— Walt Whitman

⊙I haven’t conquered Spanish yet. I’m learning and understand what’s said during training. I’m progressing little by little. Spanish is very difficult for me, although I am getting used to it. I am making an effort. It’s complicated. But if I can conquer Spanish, it will have been a great achievement.

— David Beckham

Section B段落与标题匹配题。

1) Para 1: _________ 2) Para 2: _________ 3) Para 3: _________

4) Para 4: _________ 5) Para 5: _________ 6) Para 6: _________

A) Two False Traditional Attitudes toward Foreign Language Learning.

B) The Role of Having Other People to Talk to and Listen to in Learning a Language.

C) The False Impression Advertisements Often Give

D) The Role of Interest in Learning a Language.

E) Teaching Methods Based on the Behaviorist Theory

F) No Good Method for Suiting All Students in Every Situation.

Part II :Key Words and Expressions in Text A

Para.1 personal a.[无比较级]个人的；私人的. 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。

CF. private a.指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。

individual与“集体的”相对，指“个别”或“个体的”。

请从上述三个词中选取合适的词完成下列句子的汉译英部分。

1. They wait for the group to decide rather than __________________. (制定个人决策)

2. I don’t want to ____________________________. (过问/插手他个人的事)

3. His children go to a ______________. (私立学校)

Para.1 claim vt. (尤指面对反对意见)断言；声称；主张

e.g.I don’t claim to be an expert, but I did study the subject when I was a universit y student. （翻译成中文。）

___________________________________________________.

claim n. 声称；（尤指他人可能反对的）主张；断言

e.g. Though the work is broad in scope, it ____________________________________. (并不追求面面俱到。) Question: The part of speech(词性) of “claim” in line 2,para.1 is _________.

The part of speech(词性) of “claim” in the 2nd line from the bottom (倒数第二行)of para.1 is

_____________.

“ridiculous claims”的汉语意思为_____________.

Para.1 on one’s part 在某人一方；就某人而言

e.g. 1. 1. It was _____________________（我的过失）; I do feel sorry about that.

2. A frank question on his part led to a frank answer on mine. （翻译成中文。）

_________________________________________________________________。

Para.1 qualify vt.限制；使具有资格；证明…合格

qualified a.有资格的，适合的，胜任的

e.g. 1. You must ___________________________________________. （使自己具备担任这一职位的资格）

（翻译成英文）

2. qualify him as a scientist （翻译成中文。）_______________________

3. 他被认为是合格的播音员。（翻译成英文）__________________________________________ Collocations:

qualify for合格；有…的资格

qualify as取得……资格；作为……合适

Para.1 ridiculous a. 〖贬〗可笑的；荒谬的

e.g. 1. _______________________！(别开玩笑了) You can’t pay $ 50 for a T-shirt like this.

2. I’m glad that ridiculous plan has finally been laid to rest.（翻译成中文）

_________________________________________________________________。

Para.1 or else otherwise; if not 否则；不然的话

e.g. 1. We must be there by six, or else we’ll _______ (错过)the beginning of the movie.

2. He must be teasing, or else he’s mad.（翻译成中文）

_________________________________________________________________。

Para.2 natural a.自然的，天然的；非人力所为的

e.g. 1. Tommy has the _____________（天赋）of a football player.

2. Social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters. （翻译成中文）

_________________________________________________________________。

CF: normal, ordinary, regular, natural, typical （课后请用每个词造句）

这些形容词均含“规则的，正常的，正规的”之意。

normal：指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。

ordinary：强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。

regular：指已有模式、有规律或定期的。

natural：侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。

typical：指个体能体现出群体的特征。

Para.2 it’s no use doing sth. 做……没用处的，无益的

e.g. 1. __________________________(跟他争论是没用的); he is stubborn and would not listen to anyone.

2. It’s no use weeping over what can't be helped.（翻译成中文）

_________________________________________________________________。

Para.2 individual n.个人，个体; individual a.个别的，个体的

e.g. 1. He is an unimaginative individual who does everything by the book. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

2. After all， individual strength is limited. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.2 (There is) no doubt 多半；很可能；必定

e.g. 1. No doubt Mary will call us when she gets there. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

2. There can be no doubt that they will finally win out. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.2 to an / some / what / a certain / such an / extent 到某种（什么/一定的/这样的）程度

e.g. 1. I do agree with you to a certain extent, but you need to speak to Jane about the matter. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

2. Language is a reflector of a society to some extent. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.3 have an advantage (over) 有利条件，优势

e.g. 1. Her experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

2. A man who can think will always have an advantage over others. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.3 go to extremes 走极端

e.g. 1. She tends to go to extremes in ________________. (做决定)

2. We should not go to extremes and claim that all arranged marriages are failures. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.3 assume vt. 假定，假设

e.g. 1. __________________(这是一种合理的假设) that the economy of our country will continue to improve.

2. They naively assume things can only get better. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

CF: assume, suppose, guess（课后请用每个词造句）

这些动词均含为“假设，猜想，推测”之意。

assume：指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。

suppose：常用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实，根据一些现象进行的推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示自己的意见。

guess：常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。

Para.3 vice versa 〖拉丁〗反过来（也是这样），反之亦然

e.g. 1. Students should learn from teachers, ___________________. （反之亦然）

2. A man of high birth may be of low worth and vice versa. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.3 let alone （用于表示接着提到的事）更不用说，更谈不上

e.g. 1. 连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。（翻译成英文）

___________________________________________________。

2. He could barely keep body and soul together let alone support his family. （翻译成中文）

__________________________________________________________________________。Para.4 be based on: 以…为基础 /基于

e.g. 1. The plan of our country _____________________________. (建立在不断发展的经济的基础上)

2. 我们所做的一切都是在科学的基础上完成的。（翻译成英文）

________________________________________________________________________________。Para.5 relate vt. 〖正式〗有关联；把…联系起来

e.g. How do your words and deeds relate to your faith or your life experiences? （翻译成中文）

________________________________________________________________________。

relate sth. /sb to/with sth. else 将…与…联系起来

e.g. 1. They will relate the amount of time you spend on the work to your pay. （翻译成中文）

________________________________________________________________________。

2. 这些结果很难与任何已知原因联系起来。（翻译成英文）

______________________________________________________________________________。Para.5 be worth (doing) sth. deserve (doing) sth. 值得（做）某事…

e.g. 1. The book is not worth reading because the information it contains _____________. (已经过时)

2. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Para.6 relevant a. 有关的，有关主题的

e.g. 1. 这类大学课程已与当今学生的需求无关。（翻译成英文）

_______________________________________________________________。

2. Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher. （翻译成中文）

___________________________________________________。

Part III Assignment

1.Read Text A and finish the exercise: Enhance Your Language Awareness on P54-57.

2.四级篇章词汇阅读理解：（地方不够，可写在讲义的背面）

The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is（36）the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.

"All children are（37 ）to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is （38 ）important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full （39）," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep（40 ）of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will （41 ）their own creative solutions, but we must work together to （42）our focus on how to better recruit, support and（43）effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."

Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a （44 ）of President Obama's year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the （45 ）of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.

A.Announcing

B. beneficial

C. challenges

D. commitment

E. component

F.contests

G. critically

H. develop

I. distributing

J. enhance

K. entitled L. potential M. properly N. qualified O. retain

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c119054697.html,eful Expressions。（连线题，并反复阅读，学会使用在自己的作文中）

don’t know whe ther to laugh or cry 比某人有优势

have a great advantage over sb. 走到另一个极端

it is no use doing…在某种程度上

to a certain extent 哭笑不得

go to the opposite extreme 做……是没有用的

let alone 与……相似

be similar to… 值得做……

It is worth doing 更别说

try at all costs to do sth. 消除他们的……

mean every word of it 不惜任何代价做……

rid them of … 说话算数

课文翻译：

一名语言教师的个人看法

1 我每天都会在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松就能学好英语。按照这些广告的说法，学生不必费什么力气，要说一口流利的英语只需短短3个月，甚至10天就行。广告还常常提到威廉·莎士比亚和查尔斯·狄更斯等英语文学大师的名号进一步激励学生。每当看到诸如此类的广告时，我真是哭笑不得。如果学英语真像这些广告所说的那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格的英语教师了。但是肯定有许多人相信这些可笑的噱头，不然的话这些广告也不可能出现。

2 学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂的语言去解释为什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单的事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。一些专家甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好的教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其自身的特点。这种说法无疑是有几分道理的，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。

3 有很长一段时间，人们认为学好一门语言唯一的方法就是去使用那种语言的国家待上一段时间。当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生具有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词，那就错了，反之亦然。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。

4 现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效，可惜我们不是，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。

5 我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其它任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段，人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。因此，人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西，听的读的材料必须真实自然。

6 还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果身边的其他学生能和我们在真实的情境中一起学习，一起练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。

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