新编英语教程第三版第一册unit

Unit 5

Language Structure

Main Teaching Points: Sentence of unreal conditions:

1.related to something being done at present

e.g. If you were taking a short course in computer science, you’d be learning computer programming fast.

2. with the connective unless

e.g. Lu wouldn’t sing the English songs unles s she had learned them properly.

3. with connective supposing

e.g. Supposing the price were lowered, then Sue would certainly buy the fur coat.

4. with the connective otherwise

e.g. Bob didn’t work hard. Otherwise he wouldn’t have been sacked.

5. in the if it hadn’t been for… pattern

e.g. If it hadn’t been for the sports meeting, I would have come to the video show.

Dialogue Save Our Heritage

A. Listening to the recording

B. Questions on specific details

1. What happened to the Drum Tower and the Buddhist Temple?

2. What’s the fate of the 1000-year-old corridor and the tombstone of a member of the Tang court?

3. What do A and B think the government should do about the people who damage ancient monuments?

4. What is your opinion about the preservation of historical monuments?

C. Language Points

1. legendary a. very famous and celebrated in many stories传奇的，有名的；celebrated in fable or legend传说中的

e.g. 1) Heracles is a lendary Greek hero.

2) Her enormous appetite is legendary in our company.她的胃口之大在我们公司是出了名的。

2. drown v. die in water because one is unable to breathe淹死；flood or drench sth.淹没，盖过

e.g. 1) The flood drowned the whole village.

2) The desperate woman drowned herself in the river.绝望的女人投河自杀了。

3）The teacher’s voice was drowned out by the noise outside.外面很吵，把老师的声音都盖过了。

3. precinct n. （由建筑物或围墙围成的）场地；周围区域；选举区，警区

e.g. 1) It’s a shame to see so many buildings inside the temple’s precincts.寺庙周围建了这么多现代建筑，这真让人感到羞愧。

2）It is very common in the precincts of a college.在大学校园里这样的事情司空见惯。

3）This block will be rebuilt into a shopping precincts.这一街区将改造成一个商业区。

4. refined a.精炼的，精制的；polite, having good manners and good taste 有教养的，举止文明的

refine v.净化；精炼，使文雅unrefined a.不文雅的，庸俗的

refined gold 纯金refined manners 文雅的举止

近义词：purified 精炼的；cultivated 有教养的

civilized 文明的，有礼的

elegant 优雅的，端庄的

urbane 文雅的，有礼貌的

polished 优雅的，有教养的

e.g. 1) We should not eat too much refined foods such as sugar and white flour.我们不应该吃太多经过精加工的食品，如糖和白面。

2）The story was told in a refined language. 这则故事的语言非常优美。

3）A refined young woman shall never laugh in that way.一位娴静的

淑女不该那么笑。

5. crude a. natural or unrefined 天然的，未加工的；rough；not well

finished 粗糙简陋的；coarse粗鲁的

crude oil原油crude facts 赤裸裸的事实

a crude notion 不成熟的想法

e.g. 1) The Middle East is well-known for the production of crude oil.

中东以盛产原油著称。

2）He made a crude sketch for the lake but forgot to paint it.他把湖面画成一张简略的草图，但是忘了着色。

3）He’s good at telling crude jokes.他擅长于讲粗俗的笑话。6. ravage v. destroy; damage badly 毁坏；rob and plunder with violence 蹂躏，劫掠；n. (pl.) destructive effect of sth.; damage done by sth.毁坏的结果

e.g. 1) Sandstorms are the revages of deforestation on the hills. 沙尘暴实滥伐山林的恶果。

2）The country has been revaged by civil war and foreign intervention.国家遭到了内忧外患的双重蹂躏。

7. ignorance n lack of knowledge of information 无知；不知道

e.g. 1) He is in complete ignorance of history. 他对历史一无所知。

2) Ignorance is the mother of fear. 无知是恐惧的根源。

3）She ignored criticism about hr new book. 她无视人们对她新书的批评。

8. counteract v. act against and reduce the force or effect of sth.抵消，中和；抵制

counter(相反的)+act(行动)=反着做=抵消，对抗

counterattack 反攻

counterbalance 使平衡，抵消

counterpart 相对应的人物等

counterdrug 解瘾药；起反作用的药

e.g. 1) This herb can be used to counteract the effects of poison. 这种药草可以解毒。

2）It is doubted whether we should deliberately intervene in the climate system to counteract global warming. 有人质疑，人类是否应该刻意介入气候系统以抵制全球变暖。

9. vicious a. 恶意的，恶毒的；凶恶的，残忍的；（指动物）危险的

vice n. 邪恶，恶行

be vicious about sb. 对某人有恶意

a vicious kick/look/remark 恶狠狠地踢了一脚/样子/言语

a vicious wind/headache/flu-virus极厉害的大风/头痛/流感病毒

a vicious circle 恶性循环——a virtuous circle 良性循环

e.g. 1) The author received lots of vicious letters from all over Britain.

作者收到了英国各地的恶毒的来信。

2）The vicious killer has committed a series of murders.这名凶残的杀手已经实施了多起谋杀案。

3）The word “shrew”is taken from the name of a small but especially vicious animal. “泼妇”一词来源于一种体型虽小但非常凶残的动物的名字。

4）Greed and envy are terrible human vices. 贪婪和嫉妒是人性的罪恶。

10. fortune n. destiny 命运；chance, luck 运气；large amount of money 财富

e.g. 1) He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortunes; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virture or mischie

f.(Francis Bacon, Essays) 有妻儿之人已向命运之神交了抵押品，因为妻儿是事业的阻挠，无论是善举还是恶行。

2）It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.(Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice)凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这是举世公认的真理。

a big fortune 一大笔钱 a fortune-teller 算命者

tell one’s fortune 给某人算命

make one’s fortune 发财try one’s fortune 碰运气

11. endow sb./sth. with sth认为…具有某种品质：给予，赋予

be endowed with sth.天生赋有，生来具有（具有某种特性、品质等）

e.g. 1) She was endowed with intelligence and wit. 她天资聪颖。

2）She has endowed Marcus with the qualities she wanted him to

possess. 她认为马库斯具有她所期望的所有品质。

3）to endow sb. a responsibility 赋予某人以责任

D. Retelling

A and

B toured a city rich in historical monuments. They are talking about the trip.

1. damage done to historical monuments

2. people responsible for the damage

3. treasure taken good care of

4. everyone’s responsibility to save cultural treasures

Reading I Museums

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4.keeping, playing, to be, to see, climbing 5.opening 6.to take, shopping, doing, to do 7.to have remembered, to tell, preparing, to do 8.to watch, to read, reading, watching 9.missing, to tell 10.to be taken 11.swimming, cleaning, to do 12.waiting, seeing, missing, to find, to be C. 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.on 5.read 6.across 7.about / for 8.in 9.until / till 10.opinion 11.by 12.keep 13.excellent 14.time 15.pleasure 16.from 17.yourself 18.in 19.filled 20.trains

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Unit 1 恰到好处 Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose. 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 The French have an apt（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,” (the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调）of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it. 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so（某某等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that

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