初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中被动语态语法讲解

(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:

Tｈey ｗill ｂuild a neｗｂｒidgｅoｖeｒthe rivｅr. (主动）

A nｅw bｒｉdge will be buｉlt over the river.（被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在ｂｅ的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态,列表如下：

一般现在时:am ／is/ arｅ＋donｅ

一般过去时：ｗａs／wｅrｅ＋ｄonｅ

一般将来时：ｓhａll/ wｉｌl +ｂe ｄｏne

一般过去将来时:sｈould ／woulｄ+ beｄoｎe

现在进行时:am / iｓ／are+ beinｇ+ done

过去进行时:wａs / were +ｂeiｎｇ+ done

现在完成时:have ／ｈａｓ+been+ ｄｏne

过去完成时：hａd + beｅn + done

将来完成时：sｈall /will+ ｈave bｅeｎ＋done

过去将来完成时:shouｌd / would +ｈａve been +doｎe

[注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

（三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1. 一般现在时：

(1)Ｐeople gｒow rice iｎｔｈe south of tｈｅcountry.

Rｉce is grown iｎthe ｓouth ｏf tｈe cｏuntｒy.

（2)Theｓcｈｏoｌdoesn't alloｗus to entｅr the ｃhｅmistry lab wiｔhout a teaｃher.

Wｅarｅｎoｔａllｏwed ｔo enter ｔｈe chemistry laｂwithｏuｔa teacｈer.

2．一般过去时：

(1)They agrｅｅd on the ｂuiｌdｉｎg of a nｅw car facｔoryｌasｔmoｎtｈ.

Ｔhｅbuildingｏf ａnew car ｆactory ｗaｓagreｅd on last moｎth.

(2)Tｈｅstｕdenｔs diｄn't ｆorｇet hiｓｌeｓsoｎs easily．

Hｉｓlessoｎs wｅｒeｎｏt easiｌy forｇotｔen

3.一般将来时：

(1）Tｈeｙwill sｅｎｄcａrs ａbrｏａd by sea．

Caｒｓwｉll ｂｅsenｔａbroａd ｂy sea．

（2)Theｙｗillｇｉve plｅnty of jｏｂs ｔｏschｏoｌ-lｅavers．

Plentyｏf jobs wｉll be giveｎtｏschoｏl-leavｅrs．

4．过去将来时:

(1)Ｔhｅmanager sａｉｄthｅｙｗould cｏｍｐletｅthｅprojeｃｔby thｅend of tｈｅyear.

Ｔhe ｍanaｇer sａｉd theｐrｏjeｃt woｕld be coｍpｌetｅd by the eｎd ｏf the yｅar. (2）Thｅwoｒkeｒｓtold me ｔhey wｏｕld mend thｅcａr aｓsoｏn as pｏssｉble.

Tｈe woｒkers toldｍe that thｅcaｒwｏulｄbe mendeｄas sooｎas posｓible．

５. 现在进行时:

(1)Tｈe radio iｓbｒoaｄcａstinｇEｎglisｈlｅｓｓons.

Englisｈlessｏns are being broadcaｓteｄon the radｉo．

(2) We arｅpaintinｇthe rooms.

Tｈeｒooms ａre being painted.

6. 过去进行时：

（1)Tｈｅｗｏrkers weｒe ｍending tｈe rｏad.

Ｔhe road was beｉnｇmeｎdeｄ.

(2）Ｔhis ｔiｍe last year we ｗere ｐｌanting trｅeｓhere．

Treｅｓwereｂeiｎgｐｌanted hｅrｅthis tiｍe lasｔyｅar.

７. 现在完成时：

（1)Ｓomｅｏne has told ｍｅtheｓporｔｓmｅetinｇmight ｂe ｐut oｆf.

I haｖe been tolｄthｅｓｐoｒｔs mｅetiｎg miｇht be put oｆf．

(2)He haｓbrouｇht his ｂｏok heｒｅ.

Hiｓboｏk has beeｎbｒougｈｔhere.

8. 过去完成时:

(1)WheｎI goｔto thｅtheatre，I founｄｔhey hａd alrｅadｙsold ｏut tｈe ｔiｃｋets. WｈeｎI gｏｔto the thｅａtｒe,I founｄthe ｔickets had aｌrｅadｙbeen ｓolｄout. (２)People had considered him to be a ｇｒｅat leader.

He ｈad beｅn cｏｎsideｒedｔo be ａｇｒeat leaｄer

(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词＋ｂｅ+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)Ｙｏu ｍust ｈａnd iｎyoｕr ｃｏｍpoｓitions ａfter ｃlass.

Yｏur ｃomｐositioｎｓmuｓt ｂｅｈanｄeｄin aｆter claｓｓ．

(2)He canｗritｅ a great maｎy leｔtersｗiｔh the cｏmputeｒ.

A gｒeat mａny lｅtｔｅrs can ｂe wrｉtｔen with ｔｈe computer by him.

(五)被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用ｂy 短语。

“Mr.Whｉte, the ｃupｗaｓbroken after ｃｌaｓｓ. ”

2．突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

Ｔｈｅse rｅcorｄｓｗｅrｅmade bｙJｏｈｎDｅnｖeｒ.

The cuｐwas bｒｏｋen by Ｐaul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替by 短语。

Theseｃars ｗｅre mａde in China.

(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) My aunt invited ｍe ｔo ｈer ｄinnｅr paｒｔｙ.

主语谓语宾语

→I ｗas iｎｖited(ｂy my aunt ) tｏher dinneｒparty．

主语谓语宾语

(2) The schｏｏｌset up a specｉal ｃｌａssｔｏhelp pooｒreａders.

→ A spｅcｉaｌclass to heｌp poor reａdeｒs was ｓｅt uｐin thｅschool．

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2．把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地名词作状语。

(七)语态转换时所注意的问题

1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词，在被动语态中用in ＋地点时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bｏughｔa nｅw coｍputeｒ．

A neｗcompｕter hasｂeen ｂoｕght. (正确)

A nｅw cｏmｐuｔeｒｈavｅbeen ｂought．(错误)

2．含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Mｙuncle gａve ｍe a pｒeseｎt oｎmyｂirｔhday.

I was ｇiveｎａprｅｓenｔonｍy birthｄａｙ.

如果把直接宾语（指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说：

A pｒeｓenｔwas ｇiｖｅｎto me yｅsｔerday.

注意：

１．一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:

ｂring,giｖe,ｈａnd，ｌeｎｄ,offeｒ, paｓs,pａｙ, promise，sell，shoｗ, take, teach，ｔｅll 等。

（1) The booｋwａｓshｏwedｔｏthｅclａss.

(２）Ｍy ｂike was ｌｅnt to her.

２．一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如：

ｂuｉlｄ, buｙ, cooｋ,ｃｕｔ, chｏｏse,ｄo, ｆetch, ｆｉnd，fｉx, get, ｋeep, ｍake，ordｅr, ｐaiｎt, plaｙ,sing 等。

(1) A ｎew skiｒt was maｄe foｒme.

(２)Ｔhe mｅat wasｃookedｆor ｕｓ.

(3)Somｅｃouｎｔry music was played ｆor us.

３. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

不及物动词+ 介词，如:aｇreｅｔo, asｋfor, laugh at, operated ｏn, liｓｔｅｎto, lookａf ｔeｒ, ｔhink of, taｌｋabｏｕt等。

(1) The pａtiｅｎt ｉs being opｅratｅd on.

(2) Tｈe ｐｒｏbｌem iｓsolved.Iｔｎeeｄｎ't beｔalｋed aboｕt．

及物动词+副词：如:bring ａｂout, cａｒｒy ｏｕｔ，fｉｎd out, give up,hand in，ｍake o ｕt，paｓs on，point oｕt, put aｗay, put off，thｉnk ｏvｅr,tｕrn dowｎ,work ｏｕｔ，ｔurn oｕt等。

(１)Hｉs reｑuest was tuｒned dowｎ．

(２) Ｔhｅｓportｓmeeｔwill be pｕt oｆｆbｅcａuｓe of thｅｂａd weather

４. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如:

(1) Ｗe ａｌｗaｙs keep tｈｅclaｓsroom clean.

→The ｃｌaｓsroom is ａlｗayｓkept ｃlｅａn.

(２)Shｅtold us tｏfolloｗheｒｉnstrucｔions．

→We were ｔoldｔo folｌｏw ｈer ｉnstruｃtioｎs.

注意:在see, ｗatch，heaｒ, ｎｏｔｉcｅ，listｅn tｏ，look aｔ, make，feｅｌ等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带tｏ,但改成被动语态后都带tｏ,这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略tｏ的问题。

We ｏｆtｅn hｅａr hｉｍplａｙｔｈe guｉｔar.

→He iｓofｔen heaｒｄto plaｙthe guiｔａr.

5. 当主动句的主语是nobｏdy, ｎo one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为ａｎybody, 作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如:

Nobｏｄy cａn anｓwer this queｓtｉon.

误:Ｔhe quｅsｔioｎcan ｂｅaｎsｗeredｂy nobｏdy.

正:Ｔｈｅquesｔiｏn ｃan not ｂe answered by anyｂody.

６. 当否定句中的宾语是anｙtｈinｇ, anｙｂody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为noｔhｉng,nobody, no one作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如: Tｈey hａveｎ＇ｔdone anything toｍake the rｉver cｌeａn.

误:Aｎｙtｈｉｎg hasn＇t bｅｅｎｄone to make ｔhe riveｒcleａｎ.

正:Ｎｏthｉng ｈａｓbeｅn done to make tｈｅｒｉvｅr ｃlean．

7. 以wｈo为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时，用by whom放在句首：

Who wrｏte the ｓｔory？

误:Whoｗas tｈe stｏry written?

正:Ｂyｗhｏｍｗaｓtｈe sｔory wrｉtten?

８．有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和weｌl,badly,eaｓily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词，用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有：wｒite,reaｄ, clean，sell, ｗａsh，ｃook 等。如:

(１)The cloth wasｈｅｓeasily. 这布很好洗。

(2)Tｈｅnｅw pｒoduｃt sells ｗell. 这新产品很畅销。

对比：

The books sell well. (主动句)

Tｈｅbooｋs weｒe sold ｏut.(被动句)

The mｅat didn’ｔcoｏk weｌl.(主动句)

The ｍｅat ｗas cooｋeｄｆｏｒa lｏng time. (被动句）

9．下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:

第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如:ｆeｅl，look,seem, ｔasｔe, souｎd, rema ｉn等。

（1）— Do you lｉkｅｔhe ｍateｒial? —Ｙeｓ，it feels verｙsｏft.

误:It ｉｓfｅlt vｅｒy sofｔ．

(2）Tｈe food tastes deliｃiｏus.

误：Ｔｈeｆｏod is taｓted dｅｌｉcious.

(3)Ｔhe pｏp music sｏunds bｅautiful.

误:Ｔhe pop mｕsic is soundｅｄbｅautiｆul．

第二，谓语是及物动词leaｖe, entｅｒ,reａch,suｉt, hａｖｅ，benefｉt, lａｃk，own等。如：

(1）Ｈe entered thｅｒoom and got his booｋ．

误：The room wａs entered aｎd his bｏok waｓgot.

(2）She had her hａndｂurｎed．

误:Ｈer haｎd waｓhad burned.

第三,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如:take plaｃe，ｂrｅak ｏut, bｅloｎg ｔo，los ｅheａｒt，consist ｏf, addｕp to等。如:

Tｈe firｅｂｒoke oｕｔin ｔhe capｉtal buiｌdｉng.

误：The fｉre ｗas broke out in tｈｅcapitａl ｂuｉlｄing．

第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：ｒiｓe，hａppen, succeｅd, remaｉn, ｌie等。

Whｅn wｅgot to ｔhe top of ｔｈｅmouｎtain，the sun had already ｒiｓen．

误：Ｔhｅsun ｈad alreａdy bｅen risen.

After the eaｒｔhquake, few hｏuｓes rｅmained.

误:After the ｅaｒｔhquａke，few ｈouses weｒe ｒeｍained．

第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词,同源宾语,不定式，v－inｇ形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语，如:

I taught myseｌf Enｇlisｈ．

误:Mｙｓeｌf waｓtaughｔＥngliｓh.

Ｗe ｌove ｅａch oｔher.

误:Each ｏｔheｒis ｌｏｖeｄ.

10. 在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如:

据说……Iｔｉs sａid thaｔ…

据报导……It is repoｒteｄtｈat …

据推测……It ｉs supposeｄthat…

希望……Ｉt is hoｐed ｔhａt …

众所周知……It is wｅｌl knｏwn ｔhａt …

普遍认为……It is gｅnerally cｏｎsｉderｅd ｔｈat …

有人建议……Iｔiｓsugｇestｅd that …

(1)It is ｒeported tｈat it iｓｇoingｔｏrain ｔｏmorrow．

(２) It is well kｎown that ThomasＥdｉsoｎinｖented ｔｈe eｌeｃtｒic lamp．

初中被动语态练习题

( ) 1. Tｈe Ｐeople＇s Rｅpuｂlicｏf Cｈｉna_＿on Octｏber １,1949.

A. fｏuｎｄ

B. was fｏｕndeｄ

C. is foｕndedＤ. was found

( )2．Ｅnglish ＿___ in Caｎada.

A.speaks Ｂ.ａre sｐoｋen C．iｓspeaｋｉngＤ．is spoken

（) 3. Tｈｉs Engliｓh soｎg___ｂy tｈe girls ａftｅr cｌass．

Ａ. oｆten sings Ｂ.ｏftｅn sang C. ｉs ofｔen sanｇ D. ｉｓoftｅn sｕnｇ( ) ４．Thisｋｉnd ｏf car _＿_ inＪａｐan.

A, makeｓB. made C.is maｋing D. is made

( ）5.New compｕｔeｒｓ___alｌoｖeｒthｅworlｄ.

A. is uｓedＢ. aｒｅusing C. arｅuｓeｄD．haｖｅuｓed

（）6．Oｕr rooｍｍust __＿cｌean.

A. kｅep

B.bｅkｅpt

C. to be kｅpｔ

D. to keｅｐ

( ) 7. －I'd liｋe ｔｏbuy that cｏaｔ.-I'm sｏｒｒy. ＿＿_.

A. it sold

B. iｔ'ｓｓellｉnｇC．It'ｓｂeen soｌd D. iｔｈad beeｎsoｌｄ()８. A new houｓｅ__＿at tｈｅcorner of thｅroａd．

A.is building B．ｉs beinｇbｕilｔC．bｅen built D．be builｄing () 9．Ｔhe keｙ___oｎthｅtableｗhen Ｉleａve.

A. ｗaｓlefｔＢ. wｉｌl be lｅｆｔC．is left D．hａｓbeen left

()10. Ｄoctors _＿_ ｉn eｖｅｒy pａrt oｆtｈe worｌd.

A. ｎeed

B. ａre neediｎg

C.ａrｅｎeｅdeｄ

D. willｎeｅd

() 11. His ｎeｗbook__＿nexｔｍｏnth.

Ａ. wｉｌl be publｉshｅd B. is publishinｇ

C.ｉs beinｇpubliｓhｅｄD．has been pｕblished

( )1２. Japanｅse ___ ｉn eｖery coｕｎtｒy.

A.is ｎoｔspoken Ｂ. are spoken C. is speakingＤ．iｓnoｔspeaｋing

（) 13. Theｓeｐａpers___ｙet.

A. have not wｒittｅn B．havｅnｏｔbeeｎｗriｔten

C. has not writtｅn

D.has not ｂeeｎwritｔｅn

( ）１4.Ｔｈe sportｓmeet ___ ｂe heldｕｎtil nextｗｅek.

A. ｄｉdn＇t Ｂ. won't C. ｉsｎ'ｔ D. doｅｓn't

（)15. -My shoｅｓare woｒｎout.

A. Can＇t ｔhey ｂe mendeｄ?

B. Let me ｈave a look at it.

C．Hoｗmuch ｄo tｈｅy cost? D. Caｎ＇t ｔhey mｅndeｄ？

（) 16. ___ ｔｈe ｗaｔch beeｎrepaiｒｅd yet?I badlｙｎeｅd ｉt．

Ａ. Doeｓ B. Has C．Iｓ D ．Are

( )１7．___these desks ｂe neｅdｅd?

A. Will Ｂ. Ａre C．Has D.Do

( ）18. Ｗhｙ__＿ｔo talk aboｕｔｉt yｅstｅｒday?

Ａ．didｎ'ｔ a ｍeetiｎg holｄＢ. wａsn't a mｅetｉng held

Ｃ．waｓｎ'tｈeｌd ａｍeeｔinｇ D. a meetｉngｗasn＇ｔheld

( )19．Ｗhｏwas ｔhe bｏok＿__?

A．wｒite B．ｗrｏｔｅC．writｔｅn Ｄ. writtｅｎｂy

() 2０. Wheｒe __＿tｈeｓe boxeｓmaｄe?

Ａ．was Ｂ.ｗｅrｅ C.is D. am

( ) ２1. The ｆlｏwerｓ＿__ often．

A. ｍust be water B．must bｅｗaterｅｄ C. must watered D. musｔｗater

(）22. Ｔhｅbooks mａy__＿fｏr twｏｗeｅks.

A．bｅkept B．be bｏrrowｅd Ｃ．keep D. borｒow

（）23. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.

A．can mｅｎd B. can ｍeｎdedＣ．can be ｍend D. can be mend

（) ２4. Thｅolｄbridｇe in mｙhｏmetown___ neｘt month.

A. ｉs goｉng to bｅｒebｕilt

B. will rebｕilt

C.are going to bｅreｂuiltD．arｅgoing to ｒｅbuilｔ

（) 25. Thｅplay ___ aｔthe ｔheaｔｒeｎｅxt Sunday.

Ａ.iｓgｏｉng tｏbe sｈoｗn Ｂ.ｗｉll shown C.will show D. is shｏwn

() ２6. Ｔhe olｄstoneｂridge ___next weeｋ

A. ｉs gｏｉｎg to be rebuiｌt

B. wilｌbe reｂｕilｄ

Ｃ.arｅgoｉｎg to be rebuilt D. ｗiｌl rｅbuild

( ) 2７．Ｎow tｈｅｓｅｍagaｚｉneｓ__ iｎthe libｒary ｆor a lｏngｔｉmｅ.

Ａ. have kept Ｂ．arｅｋeｅping C. have bｅen keeping D. havｅbeen ｋｅpt

( ) 28．The pot ＿__ foｒ___ hot wａter

A．usｅｄ；keeping B. was used; ｋｅeping C．is useｄ; to kｅeｐD．aｒe used; ke ｅp

（)29.Ｔea _＿_ in tｈeｓoｕth of Chｉｎa.

A. grows

B. is grown

C. wｅre grｏwn

D.wｉｌｌｇrow

( ) 30．Tｈe ｂridgeｓ__＿two yeａrs ａｇo．

Ａ. is built B．built C. were buiｌｔD. wａs bｕilt

()３1．Weｔｃlothｅs are ｏften ＿__ up near a fire ｉｎｒainy ｗeathｅr

A. haｎg

B. hanged

C.hanｇinｇ

D. hung

（）3２.Ｔｈe riｖeｒsｍｅlｌｓｔerｒibｌe.Pｅｏple muｓt___dirty tｈingｓinto it.

A. bｅsｔopｐed to throw

B.be stoppeｄfrｏm throｗｉng

C. ｓtop to thｒoｗ

D.stop from thrｏwing

() 3３.Ｔhe teａpoｔ＿__ ｗater

A．is fiｌleｄｗitｈB．fｉlled of C．fulliｎg ｏf Ｄ. filｌed

（) 34．Old pｅople ｍust be ｌoｏked aｆｔeｒｗell and ＿＿_pｏlｉtely.

Ａ. speaｋto B. spoken C. ｓpeak D．ｓpoken to

( ) 35．Olｄｐeopｌe mｕst _＿_.

A. ｌｏok afｔer weｌlＢ．be loｏkｅｄwelｌaｆter Ｃ. lookｅd wｅll aｆter D. ｂe looked ａfter well

( ) 36. Neｗly-bｏrn babies___in ｈｏspitａl.

A. aｒe tａken goｏｄｃare Ｂ. aｒe taken goｏd care of

C. ｔake gｏｏｄcare of D．take good ｃarｅ

( ) ３7. Ｔhｅy wｅｒe＿__ ａｔthe sudden noise.

A.frｉghteniｎg

B.ｆrｉghtenｅd

C. fｒｉghtenＤ．frｉghtenｓ

( )38. These waｌls ___sｔone.

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树。 Shall we be asked to study English?会不会要我们去学英语？（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词 The man must be sent to hospital.这个人必须被送往医院。 （5）现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词 Some trees are being planted by the students. Is a few factory eing built in your village? (6)现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词 She is unhappy because she hasn’t been asked to the party.她不高兴，因为她没有被邀请去参加聚会。 被动语态的基本用法： （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时用被动语态。 Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天 早上八点收取。 The glass was broken last night.玻璃被打坏了。 （2）为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。例如： The plan has already been made.计划已经制定好了。 The bag was taken away by his sister.那个包被他姐姐拿 走了。 （3）在上下文中，为了使句子衔接更紧密（结构的需要）时要用被动语态。

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动词语态 英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示； English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、被动语态的构成 1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 二、主动语态变被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 三、各种时态的被动语态 1、一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 2、一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 3、一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 4、现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 5、过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词

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被动语态 授课人：授课时间： 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 判断：你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ We call the doctor. People don’t play football here. The truck was cleaned yesterday. Mr Chen teaches us English. The classroom was cleaned.

二、被动语态的构成：be+动词的过去分词+by sb（be+done) 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should... +be done 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、主动变被动的方法 口诀：主变宾，宾变主，By 句尾跟 Be 字变，Vpp跟后面 一、选择题（2×15=30分） 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build

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（计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。） （3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 四、各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下： 1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词

初中英语被动语态讲解原版教学文案

初中英语被动语态讲 解原版

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(完整word版)初中英语被动语态(精讲+精练).pdf

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