汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点

1. 直译法

(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:

竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)

2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)

3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)

4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)

5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)

6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)

7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)

8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)

9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)

(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:

1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west

2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones

3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well

4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain

5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted

2. 意译法

如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results

它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。

1) 粗枝大叶: with big branches and large leaves to be crude and careless

2) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness to get into every hole

3) 扬眉吐气to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated

) 灯红酒绿with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious

5) 大张旗鼓to make a great array of flags and drums on a large and spectacular scale

6) 海阔天空(to talk) at random with a vast sea and a boundless sky

7) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking

有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景, 有的成语在字

面上就含中国古代的人名, 地名, 有的出自寓言或历史的典故.

对这部分成语, 字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的. 如加上

解释性文字, 就失去了成语精练的特点. 我们最好

的办法就是绕开其文化背景, 直接译出其真正的

内含意义. 1) 毛遂自荐to volunteer one’s service

2) 叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears

3) 南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy

4) 四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides

5) 锱铢必较to haggle over every penny

6) 罄竹难书(of crime) too numerous to mention

7) 初出茅庐at the beginning of one’s career

8) 倾国倾城to be exceedingly beautiful

9) 悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one’s study

10) 东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect

3.套译法。

指套用译语中某个与汉语成语喻义相近的

成语来进行翻译的方法。可分为：

1) 两个成语的字面意义和蕴含意义基本一致。如：

赴汤蹈火go through fire and water七颠八倒at sixes and sevens

滴水穿石constant dripping wears away the stone

垂头丧气in low spirits杂乱无章out of order

英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.

2) 两个成语的比喻形象有所差异，但比喻意义基本一致。如：

小题大做make a mountain out of a molehill

洗心革面turn over a new leaf过河拆桥kick down the ladder

乳臭未干be wet behind the ears，格格不入be like square pegs in round holes

大发雷霆blow one’s top横行霸道throw one’s weight about

物以类聚Birds of a feather flock together.一文不名without a penny to one’s name

弱不禁风as weak as water山穷水尽at the en d of one’s rope

扬眉吐气to hold one’s head high

3) 汉语成语原本是翻译的产物，因此可直接以英语成语回译之。如：

君子协定a gentleman’s agreement滚石不生苔A rolling stone gathers no moss.

吠犬不咬人 A barking dog never bites.火中取栗pull the chestnuts out of the fire

4.加注法。它是在译文中添加读者理解成语所需的文化信息和背景知识，其特点在于既能保留成语的比喻形象和文化蕴含，又能确保译文容易为译语读者所理解接受。

5.增译法。指在译文中直接增补理解成语所需的相关信息。

总而言之, 翻译汉语成语时, 为了保留原文形象, 能直译则尽量直译, 即按字面翻译；不能直译时, 我们也不能因词害义, 可以翻译其实际意义；如能在英文中找到意义完全对等的成语, 我们也可采用这种套译法。

一般来说, 正规文体中, 汉语成语多采用形象的

逐字翻译；非正规文体中, 多采用简洁的大意翻译。

.6.2 四字格的翻译策略

四字格又称四字结构，是汉语的

一种独特的词汇现象。它是由四个汉字

组成的词语。其词语内部的组合关系也相对稳定。

四字格包括汉语中所有四个字组成的词语结构，也就包括了四字成语。虽然成语也有三字成语和多字成语，但大多数成语是四字结构，因此四字格和成语的翻译方法有不少共同之处。

但值得注意的是，有不少四字结构或前后两部分意义重复，或前后两部分只具备整体意义。翻译时只需译出一个意义或整体意义，以避免译文累赘。如

生动活泼lively 光辉灿烂brilliant植树造林afforestation 繁荣昌盛prosperous

丰功伟绩great achievements风调雨顺good weather for the crops

声嘶力竭o shout oneself hoarse 心灰意懒to feel disheartened 鸡皮疙瘩goose-flesh

天长地久as old as the hills

总之，四字格的翻译是灵活多样的，既要照顾形式，也不必拘泥于形式。但也不能完全不顾形式造成滥译和误译，必须以语义相符、功能相似为客观标准，尽可能使译文自然、贴切，可读性强。如以下四字格及供参考译文：

质地优良to be excellent in quality / with superior quality

品种齐全in complete range of articles 选料考究choice material

做工精细fine workmanship 色泽鲜明bright-colored

货到付款payment against arrival 名牌产品name brand product

驰名中外to be popular both at home and abroad 久负盛名with a long standing reputation

万古流芳will be remembered throughout the age

名垂青史to go down in history家喻户晓o be widely known假冒产品fake goods

伪劣产品low-quality goods欢迎订购order welcome投资热点investment hot spot

敬请光临You’re i nvited to come.工业园区industrial Park经济特区special economic zone

土地租赁land lease国有资产state assets无形资产intangible assets

物价指数price-rise index开拓进取to work hard with a pioneering spirit

德才兼备with both professional ability and political integrity

公平竞争fair competition国家机关state agency

惩治腐败to combat corruption暂行条例interim regulations合法权益lawful right and interest 长治久安to maintain long-term stability

3.6.2. 谚语的翻译

(一) 直译方法, 把原文的内容,形式和精神都输入到译文中去, 努力减少翻译中的损失。

明枪易躲, 暗箭难防

It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.

城门失火, 殃及池鱼

a fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.

3) 路谣知马力,日久见人心.

As a long road tests a horse’s strength, so a long task proves a person’s heart

4) 初生牛犊不怕虎. New-born calves make little of tigers.

5) 落井下石Hit a man when he is down.

6) 天下乌鸦一般黑All crows are equally black.

7) 秀才不出门，全知天下事。

Without stepping outside his gate, the scholar knows all the wide world’s affairs.

(二) 意译

1) 众人拾柴火焰高Many hands make light work.

2) 此地无银三百两. a. A guilty person gives himself away by

conspicuously protesting his innocence. b. no 300 taels of silver buried here.

3) 君子一言，驷马难追 A word spoken is past recalling

4) 生灵涂炭plunge the people into misery and suffering

(三) 套译：一方面可使译文更加通顺；另一方面更容易为译文读者理解和接受.

1) 三思而后行.Look before you leap. (直译: think thrice and then do it.)

2) 爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog.3) 心有余而力不足The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.4) 猫哭老鼠to shed crocodile tears.5) 笨鸟先飞The early bird catches the worm.

6) 新官上任三把火A new broom sweeps clean. 7) 人靠衣裳马靠鞍A tailor makes the man.

8) 一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳A burnt child dreads the fire.

1) 大伯笑呵呵地对我说: “我们北方人都喜欢睡炕,你也将就点吧. 俗话说: “入乡随俗嘛.

Uncle said to me smilingly, “we northerners like to sleep on our kangs. You’ll have to put up with it. As the proverb goes, Do as the Romans do .”

2) “谋事在人，成事在天”，咱们谋到了，靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也未可知。（《红楼梦》第六回）Man proposes, God disposes. Work out a plan, trust to Buddha, and something may come out of it for all you know.

3.6.3惯用语的翻译(一).惯用语的直译

1)连根拔tear up by the roots 2)走后门get in by the backdoor

3)走下坡路go downhill 4)一窝蜂like a swarm of bees

5)及时雨timely rain 6)九牛二虎之力the strength of nine bulls and two tigers

7) 病急乱投医turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill.

(二) 部分直译的惯用语. (除了直译外, 需加译). 例:

1) 卷铺盖pack up and quit 2) 饱眼福feast one’s eyes on sth. 3) 咬耳朵whisper in sb’s ear

4) 扇阴风, 点鬼火fan the winds of evil and spread the fires of turmoil

(三) 惯用语的意译. 1) 门外汉a man outside the gate → a layman

2) 小广播a small broadcast station → spreading of hearsay information

3) 风凉话cold words → irresponsible and sarcastic remarks

4) 扣帽子put a cap on sb. →put a label on sb.

5) 寻短见look for a short view → commit suicide或take one’s own life

有些习惯用语有很浓的中国文化色彩, 有的含有中国历史典故或古代人名, 有的涉及中国地名或宗教, 若按照字面直译, 会让英美读者感到十分费解. 如:

1) 赔了夫人又折兵give one’s enemy a wife and lose one’s soldiers as well

改译: suffer a double loss instead of making a gain)

2) 跑了和尚跑不了庙the monk may run away, but the temple can’t run with him

改译: a fugitive must belong to some place that can provide clues

3) 不到黄河心不死not stop until one reaches the Yellow River

改译: not stop until one reaches one’s goal

4)说曹操, 曹操到mention Cao Cao and there he is改译: talk of the devil and he will appear.

四) 惯用语的套译. 1) 杀/煞风景be a wet blanket 2) 拍马屁lick sb’s boots

3) 放空炮spout hot air; talk big 4) 绕圈子beat about the bush5) 摆架子put on airs 6) 灌米汤butter sb. up 7) 露马脚let the cat out of the bag 有一部分惯用语能在英语习语里找到同比喻者一致的对等物. 如:

1)开绿灯give the green light 2)泼冷水pour cold water on 3)唱反调sing a different tune 4)挖空心思rack one’s brain 5)试金石touchstone

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翻译理论与实践 Introduction of the course（高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲）: 1）培养目标（p1） 2）课程描述（p25）笔译 3）英语专业课程设置：专业技能；必修课；高年级 4）教学要求：翻译（八级要求p10） Selection of texts: 1) 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（“十五”规划教材） 2）彭长江《英汉－汉英翻译教程》（修订本） 3）自编练习与对照读物。 课程考核： 平时课堂及作业占30%，期末占70% 教学目的：旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点：翻译的定义和性质 教学方法：讲述与实例相结合 参考书目：陈宏薇，《新编汉英翻译教程》；孙致礼，《新编英汉翻译教程》；彭长江，《英汉－汉英翻译教程》。 Topic 1 Definition and Nature of Translation 教学目的：旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点：翻译的定义和性质 教学方法：讲述与实例相结合 参考书目：孙致礼，《新编英汉翻译教程》；陈宏薇，《新编汉英翻译教程》；彭长江，《英汉－汉英翻译教程》 教学时间：2 节 1.What is “to translate”? The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete

汉英翻译教程1

《汉英翻译教程》－作者不详，在此致谢！ 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如： 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1．他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。 3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 （一）注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1．农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义，指一切农业经济（农、牧、林、渔），古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中，农与林木副渔并立，是指耕作的农业，不是指整个农业经济，古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2．他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类，故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中，“酒”是狭义，是和淡性酒相对而言的，又需译作spirits。 （二）注意词义的强弱 3．反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈，故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4．孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 （三）注意词义的褒贬

英汉翻译期末考试题 样卷

样卷 广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院 《英汉笔译》2011-2012学年上学期期末考试试卷（A） 考核方式：开卷 考核对象：国际商务英语学院法律英语系2009级考试时间：120分钟姓名______________ 班级________ 学号____________________ 分数___________ PART I. LEGAL TERMS (20%, one point for each) 1.outstanding liabilities 2.without prejudice to PART II. Translation Improvement (30%) Directions: There may be one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in each of the following TRANSLATED VERSIONS. Please underline it (or them) and then correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. If you believe the whole translation is wrong or inappropriate, you are advised to underline the whole translation. Marks will be given if you have identified and properly marked the error(s). (2 points for each save as specified otherwise) 21.His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译： 22.The new father wore a proud smile. 原译：那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译： PART III. SENTENCES (30%) Directions: Translate the following sentences. Employ the translation skill suggested in the brackets where appropriate. (3 points for each save as specified otherwise) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/157501157.html,mission depends on the quantity of goods ordered. (Amplification) 32.We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. (Conversion) PART IV. PASSAGE (20%) Translate the underlined part of the following passage. 1

(完整word)第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇).doc

“文化”（ culture ） 物质文化（ material culture ） 制度文化（ institutional culture ） 心理文化（也称观念文化）（mental culture）咖啡（ coffee）、 巧克力（ chocolate ）、 色拉（ salad）、 三明治（ sandwich ）、 歇斯底里（ hysteria）、 休克（ shock）、 基因（ gene）、 钙（ calcium）、 维他命（ vitamin ）、 奥林匹克（ Olympic ）、 雷达（ radar）、 先令（ shilling ）、 夹克（ jacket）、 电视（ television ）、 激光（ laser）、 飞机（ aeroplane）、 火车（ train）、 交响乐（ symphony ）、 基督徒（ Christian ）、 面包（ bread）、 盲文（ brail ）、 圣诞老人（ Santa Claus）、 圣经（ Bible ）、 马海毛（ mahair）、 贝雷帽（ beret）、 革命（ revolution ） 、营养（ nourish ）、 解放（ liberate ）、 民主（ democracy）、 科学（ science）、 独裁（ dictatorship ）、 心理学（ psychology ）、 形而上学（ metaphysics）、 图书馆（ library ）、 想象（ imagination ）、 暗示（ hint ）、 投资（ investment） 磁卡电话（ card phone）、 立交桥（ overpass）、 隐形眼镜（ contact lenses）、

英语期末考试翻译句子

Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.

大学汉英翻译教程-Note

Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则（George Washington Campbell，Alexander Fraser Tytler） 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差，叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯，势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理，英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维；英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉，英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维，英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义，相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙，给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义：“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词：①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .

英语翻译教程 温秀颖授课教案

教案 使用教材：英语翻译教程 授课课名：翻译理论与实践 授课课号：1220010261 授课教师：温秀颖 授课年级：2005级 授课专业：英语语言文学 授课学年度：2007—2008学年度（第1学期）授课日期： 2007年9月——2008年1月 外国语学院 2007年9月

教学大纲 课程名称：翻译理论与实践 课程编号：1220010261 学时：72 学分：4 开课学期：第五学期、第六学期 课程类别：必修 课程性质：专业必修课 先修课程：无 教材：21世纪高校英语专业基础课系列教材《英语翻译教程》。为了适应新时代的需要和新大纲对翻译教学的新要求，选用由南开大学出版社出版的该教材，注意到既讲翻译技巧，也强调翻译理论；在讲理论时对各种理论采取兼收并蓄的方针，尽可能反映本学科领域的研究状况和成果，培养学生在理论上继承批判的学风。本教材以优秀的、具有一定代表性的译文赏析为线索，突出翻译的实践性，既讲翻译技巧，也讲翻译理论。 一、课程的性质、目的及任务　 本课程是英语专业高年级专业必修课。旨在传授基本的翻译知识及常用的方法和技巧，通过反复实践培养学生的翻译熟练技能。其以翻译知识为先导，英汉语言的对比为基础，翻译技巧为主干，通过讲解，范文赏析，译文对比，练习和讲评等具体措施为学生打开思路，提高双语的转换能力，使学生们掌握大纲规定的必要的翻译知识与技能。　 二、本课程的基本要求 (一) 掌握基本的翻译知识和规律。 (二) 能熟悉汉英语言对比，并掌握常用的翻译技巧。　 (三) 对源语应有较强的语感；对两种语言现象差异和文化差异有较强的敏感性，有较强的双语转换能力。

(四) 能翻译相当于英美报刊上中等难度的文章，题材包括日常生活记叙，一般政治、经济、文化方面的论述，科普材料和浅近的文学原著。速度每小时为200—250英文词。译文再现原意，语言通顺。 (五) 能对译例的优劣得失进行适当的评析，从而提高语言分析与综合能力。 三、课程的基本内容 第5学期 Unit 1, Lesson 1; 翻译的概念、分类和译者素质；摸底练习 Unit 1, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：英汉翻译的难点 Unit 1, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：中国翻译史简介 Unit 2, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：英汉词汇和句法的异同 Unit 2, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（一） Unit 2, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：翻译的标准问题 Unit 3, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（二） Unit 3, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（三） Unit 3, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：严复和信、达、雅 Unit 4, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：词的翻译（四） Unit 4, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：五四时期的翻译 Unit 5, Lesson 1; 翻译技巧学习：否定的翻译（一） Unit 5, Lesson 2; 翻译技巧学习：否定的翻译（二） Unit 5, Lesson 3; 翻译理论学习：1949到文革前的翻译 第6学期 Unit Six Lesson one，句子的翻译（一）Exercise Unit Six Lesson Two句子和翻译（二）Exercise Unit Six Lesson Three Exercise Unit Seven Lesson One句子的翻译（三）Exercise Unit Seven Lesson Two句子和翻译（四）Exercise Unit Seven Lesson Three西方翻译理论简介（一） Unit Eight Lesson One翻译技巧学习：语篇翻译（一）Exercise

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”（culture） 物质文化（material culture） 制度文化（institutional culture） 心理文化（也称观念文化）（mental culture）咖啡（coffee）、 巧克力（chocolate）、 色拉（salad）、 三明治（sandwich）、 歇斯底里（hysteria）、 休克（shock）、 基因（gene）、 钙（calcium）、 维他命（vitamin）、 奥林匹克（Olympic）、 雷达（radar）、 先令（shilling）、 夹克（jacket）、 电视（television）、 激光（laser）、 飞机（aeroplane）、 火车（train）、 交响乐（symphony）、 基督徒（Christian）、 面包（bread）、 盲文（brail）、 圣诞老人（Santa Claus）、 圣经（Bible）、 马海毛（mahair）、 贝雷帽（beret）、 革命（revolution） 、营养（nourish）、 解放（liberate）、 民主（democracy）、 科学（science）、 独裁（dictatorship）、 心理学（psychology）、 形而上学（metaphysics）、 图书馆（library）、 想象（imagination）、 暗示（hint）、 投资（investment） 磁卡电话（card phone）、 立交桥（overpass）、 隐形眼镜（contact lenses）、

下拉菜单（pulldown）、 软驱（floppy drive）、 光驱（CD drive）、 鼠标（mouse）、 电脑（computer）、 内存条（RAM chip）、 复印机（xerox machine）、 安乐死（euthanasia）、 艾滋病（AIDS）、 香波（shampoo）、 连锁店（chain store）、 热狗（hot dog）、 自助餐（buffet）、 牛仔服（cowboy suit）、 T恤衫（T-shirt） 意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、 听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、 听天安命(accept the situation)、 听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism（ 不管别人怎样做）只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为；我行我素 个体主义”。 整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、 分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.