英语四级历年真题汉译英翻译讲解

英语四级历年真题汉译英讲解

第一题（外国直接投资）：

商务部(Ministry of Commerce)最近发布的数据表明，在中国的外国直接投资(foreign Direct Investment,FDI)保持稳定增长。中国已经成为外国直接投资首选地。中央政府采取了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施，这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心。商务部正在研究措施，进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境。世界银行(World Bank)也高度评价中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的成就。

表达难点：

1.第1句中的定语“商务部最近发布的”较长，故将其处理后置定语，用分词短语

recently released by theMinistry of Commerce 来表达。

2.第3句中的“这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心”，可用

which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达，which指代前面“中央政府采用了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施”这一做法。“既……又……”在英语中的对等结构为both...and，其中both可省略。

3.第4句中的“进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境”

为表并列的两个目的，可将其译作两个不定式短语作状语

“to further improve... and (to) create...”，用and连接时后一个不定式的to可以省略。“外商投资管理机制”的中心词为管理机制

management mechanism，翻译时可在其后采用“of+名词”的形式构成名词所有格，对其进行补充说明，表示“……的”。

4.最后一句中的定语“中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的”用in引导的介词短语

in attracting Foreign DirectInvestment来表示在哪个方面所取得的成就。

而“中国”则作为形容词置于“成就”前面，这样比较符合英语的表达习惯。

资所取得的成就。

参考译文

The statistics recently released by the Ministry of Commerce showe

d that Foreign DirectInvestment in China maintained steady growth

. China has become the top destination for FDI.The central govern ment adopted a series of supportive measures to facilitate foreigni nvestment, which strengthened economic growth and won the co nfidence of investors athome and abroad. The Ministry of Commerc

e is working on measures to further improve themanagement mech

anism of foreign investment and create a transparent and fair co mpetitionenvironment. The World Bank also spoke highly of Chin a's achievements in attracting ForeignDirect Investment.

第二题（孙子兵法）：

孙武是春秋末期(the late Spring and Autumn Period)杰出的军事家（strategist）。他所著的《孙子兵法》(Sun Zi's Art of War)是中国古代最著名的兵书，也是世界上现存最早的兵书。《孙子兵法》现存13篇，共6000字。在这不长的篇幅中，孙武全面论述了自己对战争的看法，提出了诸如知彼知己、集中优势兵力打败敌人等许多作战思想。《孙子兵法》已被译为多种文字，在世界上也享有很高的声誉。

表达难点：

1.在第2句中，两个并列的谓语部分较长，因此定语“他所著的”不宜再后置，而采用“减词”译法把“所著”省略，

用his work也能表达原意。翻译“是……，也是……”结构时，可以承前省略第2个系动词be，将“也是......”

的内容作为同位语，使句子更简洁明了。

2.第2句中的“世界上现存最早的兵书”用了两个定语“世界上现存的”和“最早的”，英语表达中习惯将表动作的定

语后置，故将“世界上现存的”表达为existing in the world作后置定语。

3.第3句中的“《孙子兵法》现存13篇，共6000字”这个句子中，如果逐字对译“现存13篇”为exist 13chapters，

用英文语义不通，而应意译为consists of 13 chapters。同时用现在分词短语

amounting to6,000 Chinese characters作伴随状语来补充说明，表达更为紧凑。

4.最后一句中的“在世界上享有很高的声誉”中的状语“在世界上”可转换成形容词international，使行文更流畅。

“享有”译为enjoy表现出了英语的韵味。

参考译文

Sun Wu was an outstanding strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. His work, Su nZi's Art of War, was the most famous work of military science in ancient China, also the earlie stone existing in the world. Sun Zi's Art of War consists of 13 characters. In this limited space, Sun Wu elaborated his wide-ranging views on war. He put forward many military philosophies,s uch as knowing yourself and knowing your enemy, and concentrating superior force tothorough ly defeat the enemy. Sun Zi's Art of War has been translated into many differentlanguages and enjoys a high international reputation.

第三题（农民工子女教育）：

随着城市化(urbanization)进程的加快，越来越多的农民工(migrant worker)在城市里安顿下来。他们把子女接到城里来，希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而，这些农民工发现现实并不像他们预期的那么美好。城市公立学校的设施和师资远远不能满足大批农民工子女的需求。幸运的是，农民工子女的教育已成为政府议事日程上优先处理的问题。

表达难点：

1.第1句中的伴随状语“随着城市化进程的加快”可用介词短语with the acceleration of urbanization来表

达，汉语中表范畴的“进程”可省略不译。

2.在第2句中，“希望孩子……”可处理成状语表伴随动作，译为hoping that...，也可用介词短语

with thehope of/that...。“他们能接受更好的教育”可译为句子

their children can receive better education，但不如用独立主语结

构 their children receiving better education 来得地道。

3.翻译第3句“这些农民工发现……不……那么美好”时要注意时态。本句叙述一般的客观情况，故主句的谓语“发

现”用一般现在时；“预期”表过去的动作，可用过去时或现在完成时。而“现实不那么美好”是现在的状态，用现在时，译作the reality is not...。

4.第4句中的“满足......的需求”用短语meet the needs来表达，定语“大批农民工子女的”较长，处理成后置

定语，用介词of引出，表所属，译作of the big group of migrant children。

参考译文

With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle do wn inthe cities. They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their chil drenreceiving better education. However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising asth ey've expected. The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough tom eet the needs of the big group of migrant children. Luckily, the education problem of themigrant children has become a priority on the government's agenda.

第四题（上海的发展）：

上海是中国通往世界的东大门。在宋朝(the Song Dynasty)的1074年，上海从一个小村庄变成一座集镇。在清朝(the Qing dynasty}时期，上海成为中国几个开展对外贸易的城市之一。在1842年以后，上海租界(Shanghai International Settlement)的建立使上海成为东西方之间的商业纽带。从上个世纪五十年代起，上海成为中国的外贸中心，世界上最重要、最繁忙的海港之一。如今上海已成为现代化中国城市的象征。表达难点：

1.第1句中修饰“东大门”的定语“通往世界的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语to the outside world 来表达。

2.在翻译第2句中的“在宋期的1074年”时，应根据英文“先小地点/小时间点，后大地点/大时间点”的表达习惯，译为in 1074 in the Song Dynasty, “从一个小村庄变成一座集镇”中的“变成”隐含“发展成为”的意思、故可译为develop/grow from... into...。

3.第4句的主干是“建众使h海成为商业扭带”，翻译为

the establishment turned Shanghai Into commercial connection。上海租届的“修饰”建立，译为介词of引导的短语后置；“东西方之间的”也处理为介词短语后置、译为 between east and west。

4.倒数第2句中的“成为”后接两个并列的宾语，分别为“外贸中心”和“最……海港之一”翻译时可用并列结构译出，用and连接两个并列宾语。

参考翻译：

Shanghai is China's eastern gate to the outside world in 1074 in the Song Dynasty, Sh anghaideveloped from a small village into a market town. During the Qing Dynasty, Sh anghai was oneof several cities opened to foreign trade. After 1842, the establishment

of ShanghaiInternational Settlement turned Shanghai into commercial connection betw een east and west.From the 1950s, Shanghai has become China's foreign trade center and one of the mostimportant and busiest sea ports in the world. Now Shanghai has b ecome the symbol ofmodernized Chinese city.

第五题（健康服务业）：

据报道，国务院(State Council)将采取新的措施来促进我国健康服务业的发展。健康服务业涵盖医疗服务、健康管理、健康保险以及其他相关服务。这些措施包括简化审批程序，鼓励保险公司健康保险产品多样化，鼓励民间资本(private capital)进入医疗服务部门等。这对提高人民健康水平和扩大就业具有重要意义。业内人士(insider)认为，作为健康服务业核心的医疗服务将会加速发展。

表达难点：

l.第1句中的“据报道”可用It is/was reported that...来表达。“促进我国健康服务业的发展”译作

boost thehealth service industry in our country，因单词boost已有“促进发展”之义，故采取“减词”译法，英文中省略“发展”一词。

2.第3句“简化审批程序”作动词“包括”的宾语，可用现在分词短语approval procedures来表达。“鼓励保险公司健康保险产品多样化，鼓励民间资本进入医疗服务部门”的动词都为“鼓励”，故英译时采用并列结构，只译出一个，因第2个则承前省略，短语encourage sb. to do sth.表达“鼓励某人做某事”。

3.在第4句“这对提高人民健康水平和扩大就业具有重要意义”中，主语“这”指代的是上句的“这些措施”；“对......具有重要意义”可用have great significance in doing sth.来表达.in doing sth.为具体所针对的方面。

4.最后一句中的“作为健康服务业核心的医疗服务将会加速发展”，此处进行汉译英时，修饰“医疗饭务”的定语“作为健康服务业务核心的”宜处理成as引导的状语，表达为as the core of health service industry。

参考翻译：

It was reported that the Stale Council would employ new measures to boost the hea lth serviceindustry in our country. This industry convers medical service, health mana gement, health insurance, and other related services. The measures include simplifying a pproval procedures,and encouraging insurance companies to diversify health insurance pr oducts and privatecapital to enter the health service sectors. These measures have gr eat significance in improvingpeople's health and providing more jobs. According to so me insiders, as the core of healthservice industry, the medical service will accelerate its development.

第六题（上海自由贸易区）：

上海自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone, FTZ)于2013年9月开园。建立自贸区是中国改革开放新时代的一个重要决定。自贸区位于上海市的郊区，面积为28.78平方公里。它的建立旨在探索新途径，以减少政府干预和向全球投资者(investor)更广泛地开放中国经济。第一批有36家公司获得了贸易区内的经营许可证。相关专家相信上海自由贸易区必定为中国经济的发展带来更多的机会。

表达难点：

1.第2句中的定语“中国改革开放新时代的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用分词短语made in the new era of China's reform and opening-up 来表达。

2.第3句中的“面积为......”用现在分词短语covering an area of来表达，作“位于”的伴随动作。

3.第4句中的“旨在探索新途径”表明目的，故将其译为to explore new ways。“减少政府干预和向全球投资者更广泛地开放中国经济”为两个并列的动作，故处理成reduce government interference and open China's economy。状语“更广泛地”译为副词more widely后置。“对全球投资者”译为to global investors 置于句末，使整个句子结构清晰，表达紧凑顺畅。

4.倒数第2句中的“获得了……经营许可证”实有“申请并被批准”的含义，译为被动given licenses语义表达清晰明了。

参考翻译：

The Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ) was opened in September, 2013. Establishing the FTZ wasa crucial decision made in the new er a of China's reform and opening-up. The FTZ is locatedon the outski rts of Shanghai city, covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers. It is set to explore new ways of reducing government interference and opening China's economy morewidely to global investors. There we re 36 companies first given licenses to operate in thezone. Experts c oncerned believe that Shanghai Free Trade Zone will surely bring m oreopportunities to the development of China's economy.

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