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基础英语2第二单元答案The Virtues of Growing Older

Text comprehension

I. C

II. 1 F; 2 F; 3 F; 4 T; 5 T.

III.

1. worshiping youth and fearing growing old. To delay the effects of aging with cosmetics and physical exercises.

2. three. Less concern for o ne’s appearance; less uncertainty about the unknowns in the future; surer self-identity.

3. feel uncertain about what will happen to them and what they should do.

4. use contrast structure “Being young means…/ It means…” and “I …now/ I no longer…”

5. The writer learns the significance that the newer (younger) is not necessarily better, and she can be happier than before as she grows older.

IV.

1. Women are less capable of resisting the temptation the temptation of fashion than men.

2. make friends with different people in order to find a new identity for yourself.

Structural analysis of the text

1. see III

2.

2. Paragraph 3: the last sentence; Paragraph 4: the second sentence; Paragraph 5: the first sentence.

Section Four Consolidation Activities

Part one. Vocabulary Analysis

I. Phrase practice

1. are apt to= are likely to 易于……，有……的倾向

e.g. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。

2. fall apart= break up / disintegrate

3. in general= as a whole 通常，大体上；总的来说，从总体上看

e.g. In general, this company’s products are very reliable. 这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。

In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 总的来说，让学生在一个小时完成这份试卷有些困难。

4. at the mercy of= powerless against; completely controlled by 对……无能为力；任……处置，任由……摆布

e.g. Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. 有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。

I don’t want to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人摆布。

5. no wonder= not surprising / only too natural 不足为奇，并不奇怪

e.g. It is no wonder that it is so wet in the south. 南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。

No wonder you’re so tired, you’ve worked three hours without a break.难怪你这么累，你已经连续工作了三个小时。

It is no wonder that he failed his final exam. 他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。

II.

1. delay;

2. Feverishly;

3. fa?ade;

4. confronted;

5. premise;

6. dreaded;

7. automatically;

8. awaiting.

III. Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. She has got this obsessive (obsess) fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions.

2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experience moodiness (mood), irritability and a loss of confidence.

3. They wanted a tolerable (tolerate) existence — more food, better shelter, and peace.

4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mutually beneficial (benefit) arrangement.

5. Working with the mentally handicapped can be a satisfying (satisfy) and rewarding experience.

6. Frogs can search for food underwater, hidden (hide) from birds of prey.

7. When I asked her about where she wanted the m eeting to be held, she didn’t express any particular preference (prefer).

8. The committee has made four specific criticisms (critical) of the government’s transportation policy.

1. obsess v. （使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（使）着迷

obsessed a. 着迷的

obsession n. 困扰，沉迷，着魔

obsessive a. 着迷的，强迫性的，分神的

e.g. 爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。

Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.

他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。

He’s always wanted to find his father but recently it’s become an obsess ion.

2. mood n. 心情，情绪

moody a. 易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的

moodiness n. 忧郁

e.g. 我每个星期日情绪都很坏。

I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.

我的妻子在医院里心情不好。

My wife is moody at the hospital.

3. tolerate v. 容忍，忍受

tolerable a. 可容忍的

tolerant a. 宽容的，容忍的

e.g. 她能忍受寒冷的天气。

She can tolerate the cold days.

这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。

The heat was tolerable at night.

4. benefit n. 利益；津贴

beneficial a. 有益的，有利的

beneficiary n. 受惠者，受益人

e.g. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。

This project is of great benefit to everyone.

新鲜空气有益于健康。

Fresh air is beneficial to our health.

她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。

Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.

5. satisfy v. 使满意，满足

satisfaction n. 满意

satisfactory a. 令人满意的

e.g. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。

Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction. 她对现状根本不满意。

She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.

6. hide v. 隐藏，隐瞒

hiding n. 隐藏，躲藏

hidden a. 隐藏的，秘密的

e.g. 她设法不表露自己的感情。

She tried to hide her feelings.

警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。

The police are following a murderer who’s in hiding.

7. prefer v. 较喜欢；宁可

preferable a. 更好的，更合意的

preference n. 偏爱，优先，喜爱物

preferential a. 优先的；优惠的

e.g. 我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡.

I prefer milk to coffee.

我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。

My father finds country life preferable to living in the city.

对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。

In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.

8. critical a. 批评的；决定性的，关键的

critic n. 批评家，评论家

criticism n. 批评，评论

criticize v. 批评；非难

e.g. 他的行为招致尖锐的批评。

His behavior called forth sharp criticism.

他批评了我的冒险活动。

He criticized my taking risks.

IV.

1. C;

2. D;

3. A;

4. A;

5. B;

6. D;

7. C;

8. B.

V. Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair.

Synonym: conceal, disguise

2. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big.

Antonym: narrow

3. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next —perhaps even better — phase of my life.

Synonym: satisfaction, happiness, joy

4. The Virtues of Growing Older

Synonym: merits, advantages

5. My rounded figure seems fine, and I don’t deny myself a slice of pecan pie if

I feel in the mood.

Synonym: fat, plump

6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins and drank a half-dozen milk shakes

a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. Synonym: well-built

7. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style.

Antonym: old-fashioned, outdated

8. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. Synonym: clearly, evidently

VI. Prefix

Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.

1.

preface prepare

5. periphery perimeter

2. prologue progress 6. dialogue diameter

3. foresight foresee 7. semifinal semiconductor

4. paralysis parallel 8. devaluate decelerate

1. Explanation:

pre- : before someone or something

e.g. prewar, precondition, precaution, prediction

2. Explanation:

pro- : before

e.g. proceed, procession, provision

3. Explanation:

fore- : before or in the front of

e.g. foreword, foretell, forecast, forehead

4. Explanation:

para- :on one side

e.g. paragraph, parallel

5. Explanation:

per- : surrounding

e.g. periodic, period

6. Explanation:

dia- : pass through between sth.

e.g. dialectic, diagram, diagnosis

7. Explanation:

semi-: half or partly

e.g. semicircle, semi-final, semi-skilled

8. Explanation:

de-: reduce

e.g. declass, degrade, deduce

Part Two Grammar Exercises

1. concrete nouns & abstract nouns

Concrete nouns are words we use for people, places, or things that we can observe with at least one of our five senses. The abstract class is the opposite — we can never experience these nouns according to our senses.

While this distinction is sometimes useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract is not always clear. Some nouns can be used as uncountable nouns when they refer to a thing in general and countable nouns when they refer to a particular instance of it, consider, for example, the noun art, which usually refers to a concept:

e. g. Art is an important element of human culture.

But it can refer to a specific artwork in certain contexts:

e.g. I put my daughter’s art up on the fridge.

This is the problem of context within sentences.

I. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the nouns given.

1. agony.

2. agonies.

3. experience.

4. experiences.

5. youth.

6. a youth.

7. My children are __a great help__ to me. (great, help)

8. The boy had __a good knowledge__ of mathematics. (good, knowledge)

9. a gray hair

10. He is looking for __work__. (work)

II. 1 A; 2 B; 3 D; 4 C; 5 A; 6 B; 7 B; 8 C.

III. a lot of; a little; some; a few; A; some; some; a lot of; X. many; X; a lot of.

2. quantifiers & determiners (every, each, everyone, every one, all)

Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings.

each = every one separately

every = each, all

Sometimes, each and every have the same meaning:

e. g. Prices go up each year.

Prices go up every year.

But often they are not exactly the same.

Each expresses the idea of “one by one”. It emphasizes in dividuality.

e. g. Each artist sees things differently.

Every is half-way between each and all. It sees things or people as singular, but in a group or in general.

e. g. Every soldier saluted as the President arrived.

Each can be used in front of the verb:

e. g. The soldiers each received a medal.

Each can be followed by “of”:

e. g. The President spoke to each of the soldiers.

Every cannot be used for two things while each can:

e. g. He was carrying a suitcase in each hand.

Every is used to say how often something happens:

e. g. There is a plane to Bangkok every day.

Everyone means “everybody” and is used when you want to refer to all the people in a group:

e. g. Everyone in my family likes spaghetti.

But if you’re referring to the individuals who make up a group, then the phrase is every one. “Each and every one” you should never substitute everyone, for everyone as singular or plural:

e.g. We wish each and every one of you a Merry Christmas.

All is more often used with plural verb forms, though sometimes it is used with singular verbs. However, if we wish to specify the things or people under discussion, we can use all or all of with nouns and pronouns and the correspondingly correct singular or plural verb forms.

e. g. Has all (of) the cake been eaten?

Have all (of) the presents been distributed?

All of us are going to Sam’s party next week. We’re all going.

IV. Complete the following with every, each, everyone, every one or all.

1. all; Every one; Every.

A: He had eaten _______ the biscuits.

B: What? _____________?

A: __________ single one.

2. The pavement on ________ side was crowded with neat smiling people. each;

3. Every;

4. each;

5. Everyone. The girl is very popular. ____________ likes her.

6. Each;

7. everyone; everyone; 8. Each.

3. dangling participles

Dangling participles is a participle that is not grammatically linked to the word it is intended to modify. In “Driving down the street, the house came into view,” “driving” is a dangling participle. Though they are not rare in speech, dangling participles are avoided in formal writing because of the possibility of misunderstanding.

e. g. The burglar was about 30 years old, white, 5′10″, with wavy hair weighing about 150 pounds.

If properly installed, you shouldn’t be a ble to open the door without first pressing the safety button.

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A :c B 1-5 baccd 6-8 cdd D.1-5 daaba 6-10 dadca Fast Reading:1 dbcca 2 cbbcd 3 dcdcd Home Reading:abcccbac Unit 2 A:c B 1-5 cdada 6-10 bdacb D 1-5 dcbad 6-10 cbbad 11-15 cabdc Fast Reading:1 bbcad 2 bbbdd 3 cddda Home Reading: abadcadbcd Unit 3 A :c B 1-5 dccad 6-10 ddcaa D 1-5 badcd 6-12 bbcdacb Fast Reading:1 dbacc 2 abdcbd 3 dabc Home Reading:abdccccbab Unit 4 A :c B bdcaab D 1-5 dbacb 6-12 ccdcdcb Fast Reading:1 cdabd 2 cdcdd 3 dccbb Home Reading:bcddcdccdd Unit 5 A: c B 1-5 cacbd 6-10 bdabc D 1-5 abacd 6-10 ababa Fast Reading:1 ddbdb 2 dbddc 3 cdbcd Home Reading:cbdcbaacbd Uint 6 A:a B 1-5 bbbad 6-10 bdddc D 1-5 ccbaa 6-12 dabada Fast Reading:1 cabdd 2 addaa 3 bccdb Home Reading:bcacbbbb Unit 7 A:b B 1-5 cadbd 6-11 abcbad D 1-5 badca 6-14 bcbbadcab Fast Reading:1 cabdb 2 dbbdd 3 dccbd Home Reading:dcdbaccadb Unit 8 A:b B 1-5 badda 6-8 bac D:dacdcabbdab Fast Reading:1 cdbbd 2 dcacb 3 adcab Home Reading:accbdbacdb Unit 9 A:c B 1-5 bdcac 6-8 bcd D:aaabccdacbb Fast Reading:1 bcdda 2 adccd 3 dcbdc Home Reading:bcbadcab Unit 10 A:a B 1-5 acdcb 6-10 dadcc D:aaadbbcdabb Fast Reading: 1 ddccc 2 bbbca 3 cdacc Home Reading:bddcddcba Unit 11 A:c B 1-5 bdbba 6-7 bc D:aabbadab Fast Reading:1 bcbcb 2 ccbdd 3 abccd Home Reading:cdddddbcba

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