unit6新编综合英语教程(上外出版社)

Language structures

This part is focused on:

the adverbial clause of purpose

the adverbial clause of result

the adverbial clause of concession

the adverbial clause of comparison

the adverbial clause of time

the adverbial clause of manner

the adverbial clause of reason

1. vaccinate 注射疫苗

vaccinate sb. against 给某人接种疫苗以防止

protect sb against…保护…不得（…疾病）

2. smallpox 天花

V accination immunizes people against smallpox种牛痘能使人免患天花。

3. Rialto 纽约百老汇戏院区; 大城市剧院区

4. Keep fit

5. prize-awarding ceremony

6. Luggage van

7. Injection

8. Student representative

9. awful-indistinct-clear; (English conversation tape)

dreadful-boring-interesting; (film)

horrible-unpleasant-enjoyable (pop music tape)

10. Be bound to do…

11. intent upon/on doing sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事

be intent upon/on sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事

of intent 有意地, 蓄意地

to all intents and purposes (=to all intents; to all intent and purpose) 在各个主要方面, 无论从哪一点来看，实际上, 事实上, 实质上

12. understand…thoroughly.

Dialogue 1

New words and expressions

1. be concerned about / for …

--Naturally we were concerned for him when we heard of the accident.

--They appeared completely unconcerned about what they had done.

--be much concerned about

2. interfere vi

interfere in / with

--interfere in sb.'s private affairs

--If you had not interfered, I should have finished my work by now.

--Come on Sunday if nothing interferes.

--Don't interfere with him.

--Sedentary habits often interfere with health.

Word family:

interferefering adj.

interferer n.

3 relieve v. lessen (pain, anxiety, or trouble)

---We were relieved to hear that she was out of danger.

---The doctors did their best to bring relief to the patient.

Comparison: relieve release

relieve 减轻,除去(痛苦). 指暂时的而不是永久地解除.常与of连用.

release释放,解除.指从某种束缚或是痛苦中解放出来,常与from连用.

e.g.

---You’d better relieve your wife of her housework.

---They decided to release the bird from his cage.

4. pleading adj. begging.恳求的，请求的

plead vi. 恳求；请求

--She wept and pleaded until he agreed to do as she wished.

--She pleaded for more time to pay.

plead vt. 申诉；为…辩护

--He had a good lawyer to plead his case.

--He pleaded that he was not guilty.

Word family: pleadable adj.

plead against 反驳; 劝人不要...

plead with 向...恳求

comparison: plead beg

plead普通用语，表示“急切地恳求”。在任何情况下都强调迫切性，更常作为法律用语，指律师或当事人在法庭上的辩护。

beg非正式用语，表示“请求，诚意而谦恭的请求”。

e.g.

---The defense attorney pleaded not guilty.

---He begged me to think about his offer.

5. moan v. make the sound of pain or grief; complain annoyingly, esp. in a discontented voice.

e.g.

---The sick child moaned a little and then fell asleep.

---The wind moaned round the house all night.

---She’s always moaning that she has too much work to do.

comparison: moan, sigh, sob, groan

这几个词作为动词时，可以指由于精神上，生理上的压力或痛苦而发出含糊不清的声音；作为名词时，他们表示这类声音。

moan表示由于身心的强烈痛苦而呻吟，呜咽。

sigh因为悲伤，懊悔，消沉等原因而不由自主地叹息。

sob啜泣，抽噎，呜咽着说。

groan表示反对时发出的哼哼声或是物体移动时发出的嘎吱声。

e.g.

---He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.

---Angela sighed with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job.

--- “I cannot find my mother,” sobbed the child.

---Susan looked at the untidy room and gave a groan of dismay.

6. stroke

A forehand tennis stroke.

Any stroke is allowed.

She arrived on the stroke of six.

He is suffered from a stroke.

7. surgical. adj. 外科(医术)的; 外科用的, 外科手术的

surgical pathology 外科病理学

a surgical operation 外科手术

surgeon-physician

internal medicine-surgical department

8. preliminary a. coming first

e.g.

---Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition.

--The students take a preliminary test in March, and the main exam in July.

9. CAAC (Civil Aviation Administration of China) 中国民用航空局

10. accommodation n. (pl. AmE) lodging, food, and services; house, flat, hotel room.膳宿供应，接待，房屋，旅馆房间等。

e.g.

---There is a shortage of accommodation.

collection

---hotel accommodation

---tourist accommodations on a boat

---the cost of accommodation

word family: accommodate v. 给…提供膳宿

11. confirm v. give support or certainty to (a fact, statement, belief)

e.g.

---The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.

---The President refused to either confirm or deny this rumor.

comparison: confirm, prove, testify demonstrate, verify

confirm对已知情况进行核实或确认.

prove一般用语，表示经过一段时间或经历“证实”某情况的真伪。可以接名词或名词性从句做宾语，也可以和形容词性的不定式短语连用。

testify庄严地证实某事的真实性。常用于在法庭上作见证。

demonstrate论证，证明。用推理，举例，试验等形式来论证定理，命题等的真实性。verify证实，核实，特意努力证实某件事的真实性。

---I have accepted the job over the phone, but I haven’t confirmed in writing yet.

---The report proved (to be) false.

---No one expected him to testify against his former employer.

---Scientists have demonstrated that there’s no life on the moon.

---The reports are not sent out until they are verified.

12. rare a. unusual, uncommon.

e.g.

---One of my uncle’s hobbies is collecting rare book.

---It’s rare for him to be late.

word family: rarity n. 罕见，珍稀之物，罕见事。rareness n. 稀有性，杰出性。

13. integrity n. honesty; trustworthiness, completeness.

e.g.

---He is a man of complete integrity.

---Mutual respect for territory integrity is one of our principles.

14. ethic n. system of moral behavior.

e.g.

---The ethics of journalism are much debated.

---The ethic of some people in business seems to be to maximize profit and it doesn’t matter how. Word family:

ethical - unethical

15. urgent

16. put through a call

17. this is an emergency

18. complicated

19. have the patience to do…

20. it was again st …

21. take immediate action to do…

22. take down

23. call up sb=call sb (美式英语)

24. be off duty

25. companion

26. No matter how inconvenient everything was….

27. Everything goes smoothly.

28. without delay/ with no delay

29. a woman of admirable integrity

30. an employee with high work ethics.

The Retirees

Role-play

1. The number of …has soared …

2. it is estimated that…

3. one out of every five..

4. make (further) contributions towards…

5. illustrate

6. a retired intellectual

7. do odds and ends

8. do on e’s share for society

Dialogue II

The sentence patterns to talk about degree.

1. too…to / not +adj + enough + infinitives

2. so…that…

Phrases, sentences and expressions

1. excess—inadequacy excess—inadequate

2. radiator

3. take time off

Dialogue:

1. I haven’t seen you for ages

2. It was bitterly cold.

3. Apart from that…

4. commercial

5. couldn’t wait to do sth.

6. to add insult to injury=what’s worse

*if the worst comes to the worst

7. talk constantly

8. I left at the interval

9. it was misery!

10. what a night!

Practice:

1. helicopter

2. ambitious

3. plumber

4. children’s upbringing in China

5. public hygiene

Reading

Vitamins

1. substance

---Soil consists of various chemical substances.

---The substance of their talk is condensed into a paragraph.

2. manufacture : manu (hand)+ fact (=make)+-ure

manufacture : making by hand

---It is manufactured by hand.

---Most electronic devices manufactured for such purposes are tightly packed.

---She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.

manufacture n.

---To develop manufactures to the utmost, China must have new markets for her products.

---They make manufactures from their own raw materials.

Make, Manufacture, Produce

1. make指各种手工或者机器制造，包括艺术科学方面的制造。

2. manufacture多指用机器进行大规模生产。

3. produce既指物品生产，也指精神财富的创造；但强调产品的数量及品种，而不像

manufacture强调生产过程。

3.obtain. vt gain, get

--- To obtain knowledge through practice

obtain. vi 流行；适用

The custom still obtains in some districts.

Different laws obtain in different places.

4. grave n. tomb

---She laid flowers on the grave.

grave adj. serious

---This heavy rain could have grave consequences.

---The situation was grave.

5. die out 灭绝, 逐渐消失, 渐渐止息

die of 因某病而死

die from (病以外)因某事而死，常用死于

创伤、交通事故

die for 为了...而死

6. remedy: re- (=back) + medy (=medic)

bring back to health

medic, medy

---There is as yet no known remedy for cancer.

---remedy an injustice

remedy a fault

remedy a loss

7. wipe out

---The government is trying to wipe out smuggling.

---The bank agreed to wipe out his debts

8. somehow ：

1 以某种方式；用某种方法

---Somehow I managed to get the job done.

2 不知什么原因

---He looked different somehow

9. be connected with

---That solitary old man was suspected to be connected with the crime.

10. limit sth. to :

---He tried to limit the expense to 1,000 dollars.

Refine vt. when a substance is refined, it is made pure by

having all other substances removed from it.

---They refine sugar using this way.

Refined adj.

①a refined substance has been made pure by having other substances removed from it.

②If you say that someone is refined, you mean that they are very polite and have good manners and good taste.

---He may be rich but he is not refined.

Refined sugar; Refined oil

Polish：vt & vi& n (使)光滑, 擦亮，文饰，光泽剂, 上光蜡, 亮漆，优美, 高雅, 完善，光亮, 光滑，波兰语发光泽, 发亮

Would you please polish my article right now?

A hot plate will spoil the table's polish.

His writing has potential but lacks polish.

give sth a good polish

Silver polishes easily with this special cloth.

Polishable：adj. 可以擦的

Polished：adj.磨光的, 擦亮的; 精练的; 文雅的

Idioms：

polish away；polish off

擦去；擦去，急急忙忙做完(工作等)，很快吃完(食物)，[俚]杀死, 干掉; 打败(对手) polish the apple

讨人欢心，拍马屁

Polish up

擦得亮亮的，装饰一新，改善提高

liquid nail polish

液体指甲油

同义词区分：

polish ，burnish ，shine

都含“磨擦使表面光亮”的意思。

polish 指“用布或其他工具磨擦某物而使其表面光滑或有光泽”, 如:

polish silver [glass, furniture]

擦银器[玻璃、家具]。

burnish 指“擦金属物使产生光泽”, 如:

burnish steel

擦亮钢。

shine 指“通过擦而使其光亮、干净”, 如:

shine shoes

擦鞋

restrict vt.

He feels this new law will restrict his freedom.

restrict. to…

Nutritious adj.

Nutrient n.

Nutrition n.

nutritionist n.

Cereal

Ceres : 洛神克瑞斯，谷物和耕作的女神

1. small amounts of… a small amount of…

2. as a rule,

3. ultimately

4. die of

5. scurvy

6. citrus fruit

7. physician

8. be connected with…

9. newly discovered

10. anti-beriberi

A chart of the vitamins

1. fortified adj.

2. margarine

3. whole milk

4. in dim light

5. enriched

6. poultry

7. metabolic process

8. furnish energy

9. gum

10. oxidation

11. fatty

Guided Writing

1. frail

2. sparing adj. sparingly adv.

3. vegetarian

4. thorough

5. a disastrous result

6. weaken v. weakened adj.

7. absorb proteins

8. body-building elements

9. abundant-abundantly

10. evident

Interaction activities

1. a person of integrity

2. read about

3. a good deed

4. a woman of admirable integrity

5. by untiring efforts

6. go through

7. inconveniences

8. show a deep concern for sb

9. be utterly selfless

10. be characterized by …

11. trustworthiness-trustworthy

12. dependability-dependable

13. reliability-reliable

14. uprightness-upright

15. righteousness-righteous

16. conscientiousness-conscientiousness

17. moral soundness

18. noble qualities

19. numerous

20. praiseworthy qualities

Notes

1. negative-affirmative

2. the moral of the story

3. carry out the task

4. subordinate clause

5. main clause

6. elliptical

7. blood vessel

8. be ill with a serious stroke

9. moral principles at work

10. on call=ready for service at any time

11. definite

12. adherence to moral and ethical principles that is worthy of admiration

13. offend

14. flour

15. muscle meat=lean meat

补充造句词汇

1. Vaccinate sb against…;

2. be bound to do…;

3. be intent upon/on doing sth;

4. Understand…thoroughly;

5. be concerned about…; be unconcerned about…;

6. be concerned for…; be unconcerned for…;

7. interfere in=interfere with;

8. be relieved to hear/know that…;

9. bring relief to sb…; 10. plead 恳求；申诉，辩护; 11. accommodate; 12. confirm; 13. testify against…; 14. verify; 15. it’s rare for sb to do…; 16. have the patience to do…; 17. it is/was against….; 18. take immediate action to do…; 19. take down…; 20. without delay/with no delay;

21. the number of … has soared; 22. it is estimated that…; 23. make (further) contributions towards…; 24. illustrate; 25 do one’s share for…; 26. take time off; 27. apart from…/apart from that…; 28. couldn’t wait to do…; 29. to add insult to injury, …; 30. consist of…; 31. manufacture;

32. obtain; 33. grave adj.; 34. die out…; 35. die of…; 36. die from…; 37. die for…; 38. Remedy v.;

39. wipe out; 40. be connected with…; 41. be suspected to do…; 42. limit … to…; restrict… to…;

43. as a rule, …; 44. small amounts of…; 45. Mistakenly think…; 46. a variety of…; 47. be abundant in….; 48. by untiring efforts; 49. go through…; 50. show a deep concern for sb; 51. be characterized by…; 52. carry out…; 53. be ill with… /be down with….; 54. adhere to/ adherence to…; 55. be worthy of …; 56. offend

高级综合英语教程1

Unit 6 I. Background to Text 1 Family is considered to be the “cell” of society. It is a group of people related to each other by blood or by marriage. There are extended families—a large group of relations living together or in close contact with each other. In such a family, usually several generations live under the same roof, including grandparents. On the other hand, there are “nuclear” families, consisting of parents and children. In some societies an extended family consists of a large group of people of different generations closely or distantly related, depending on each other for economic support and security. In others, even nuclear families can be very large with many children. In different countries, there are different policies for family size, and people take different attitude towards it. For instance, in some developed countries, people tend to marry late and have fewer children. Some governments have to give incentives to encourage births. However, in some developing countries, where people tend to have more children and population is growing so fast that it hinders the economic development and keeps the living standard low, governments are forced to formulate policies to limit family size. Of course, people still do not agree as to the matter of family size because there are a lot of factors involved such as economy, religion, cultural tradition, education and even politics. There are indeed advantages and disadvantages to have a number of brothers or sisters. This text is a narration of the experience by a young woman who was brought up with six other brothers or sisters. In her opinion, having a big family is a bad thing, for there is always competition among the brothers and sisters for things. They fight for better beds, for better places to watch TV, for own favourite TV programmes and for parents? care. They have no privacy, no peace and quiet because of too many friends (each has friends of their own) and pets and so on. For parents,

综合英语教程第一册Unit1 课件

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Unit 1 I. Background to Text 1 The Natural Trust: A UK charity (i.e. a non-profit organization) founded in 1895 with the full name of Places of Historical Interest and Natural Beauty. The Trust owns historic buildings, gardens and land, which it opens to the public. Text I is taken from the Trust’s own magazine, issued to its members. The writers are 17-18-year-old students. Environment:The combination of external conditions that surround and influence a living organism, including light, temperature, availability of food and water, climatic conditions, geographical area, pollution by chemicals, radiation, noise, etc., the presence of other organisms possibly competing for the same resources, and the physical and chemical nature of the immediate surroundings, e.g. soil, sea water. The environment of human beings also includes social, cultural, economic and political factors, and the room, building, town, region, or country in which a person lives. II. Detailed study of the text 1. As young people we have a vested interest in…(L.1) vested interest: (often derog.) a share or right already held in something that is of advantage to the holder; used to show a good reason for someone to act in a particular way 2. …all the complexities of the issues involved…(L.3) 1) complexity: used both countably and uncountably to show (an example of) the state of being complex, e.g. the complexities of tax law; a diplomatic problem of great complexity 2) issue: an important subject to be discussed, argued about or determined …the issues are very complex, involving many different factors… 3. ...it is vital to conserve the countryside… conserve: preserve; keep from being wasted, damaged, or destroyed 4. Although we often take the beautiful rural scenery of North Devon for grant ed, we want to maintain the kind of diversity of landscapes…(L.6) 1) take sth. /sb. for granted: accept a fact or situation without questioning its rightness or thinking much about 2) maintain:continue to have, do etc. as before; keep something in good condition by making repairs or taking good care of it 3) diversity: variety; the condition of being different 5. …at the invitation of the National Trust. (L.9) …invited by the National Trust 6. The patchwork quilt of fields…(L.9) The fields of different s izes and colours looking like a patchwork quilt… 7. …probably at the expense of some of the least productive farmland. (L.14)

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高级综合英语教程1

Unit 2 I. Background to Text 1 biography: an account of a person’s life, usually written by someone else and published or intended for publication. As a literary form it has become increasingly popular since the second half of the 17th century. It was rare before. The origins of biography are to be found in the early accounts of monarchs and heroes, for example in the Greek, Celtic and Scandinavian epics and sagas. During the Middle Ages there little biography. But at the renaissance biography, like autobiography—written by oneself acquired considerable interest. The 17th century was the most important period for the development of English biography. Since the 1950s the art of biography has burgeoned, and biography has become a major publishing industry. Scores of new biographies have been written each year. There is a vast quantity of historical and political biography, and majority of those have become prominent in the performing arts and in sports. Literary biography has become immensely popular. Literary biography is usually long and reads like novels. Most of the biographies such as we see in encyclopedia are condensed, recording only the most important events or achievements which the subject is remembered for. II. Detailed study of the text 1. …“one of the great names in the history of human thought,”… (L.4) one of the great thinkers in human history… 2. grammar school (L.12): formerly a English secondary school emphasizing the study of academic rather than technical subjects 3. He was considered a poor student (L.13). He was thought of as a student who did badly in his study. This implies that it was not true since he turned out to be a great scientist. 4. sundial (L.16): an instrument that uses sunlight to tell the time, by the changing position of the shadow that a vertical arm that casts on a horizontal plate with graded markings 5. He showed no exceptional ability during his college career, and was graduated in 1665 without any particular distinction. (L.19) As a college student he did not show any special ability and graduated like anybody else without special honours. 1) exceptional: (adj) unusually good; outstanding 2) distinction: special consideration or honour 6.…as a fellow of Trinity College…

综合英语教程第三版

unit1响尾蛇伤 我们在西波顿种植西瓜和香瓜供应市场。我家有一块瓜地和花圃在紧靠甘蔗地的谷仓背后。一天，我从工具棚里拿了把镰刀想去砍个西瓜自己吃。他们是不许我拿这把刀的，因为它的刀刃比我的胳膊还长。但它是切西瓜的最好工具。一刀下去，西瓜就一分为二了。 我正沿着瓜地边走边拍打着想找一个熟瓜，突然感觉脚好像被针一样的东西扎了一下。我为是踩在一堆蒺藜草上了。 转眼一看，却发现是一条响尾蛇。我知道响尾蛇在袭击之前都要发出响声以示警告的，而我对那响声的熟悉程度决不亚于我熟悉鹌鹑。后来我才明白它是没有时间警告，我肯定是一脚踩在它的嘴巴上了。我边往家飞奔，边大声喊叫，满脑子想的都是自己肯定要死了。妈妈赶快解下围裙用上面的带子绑在我的膝盖上部。她扶我到前屋的沙发上躺下，让玛莎照看我。当时在场的既没有一个男人也没有一匹马。最近的住宅是豪威尔先生家，但他家没有马。再远点的是吉姆·安德森家，穿过田地抄近路也有半英里的距离。妈妈冲向安德森家。安德森的一个儿子跳上马就直奔城里，在安德森家打工的克拉克的儿子用车把妈妈送回家。回到家，妈妈发现围裙带已被玛莎解开了，因为我直叫系得太紧。妈妈给我重新绑上，她用力很猛以致于我失声叫了起来。 然后，妈妈又到门廊朝那条通往城里的路张望。这条路位于安德森和豪威尔两家领地中间，一直延伸到小山顶端，因此从这里你可以看见所有路过的人或物。我总是远远就能辨认出我们的马车和汤姆，尤其是爸爸赶车的时候。这时，如果得到允许，汤姆就会因为急于吃到马槽里的东西而撒腿跑起来，爸爸也总是允许它这么做的。 赫伯·安德森的意见是首先找爸爸，如果他不在就找麦肯斯医生，再不成就找菲尔德或别的医生。 妈妈一边盯着看谁的马先出现，一边不时地进屋安慰我。 终于，妈妈说道：“你爸爸来了。” Read more 误解 这是个古老的故事，的确是要说到1864年的事。那时，英国军队驻扎在牙买加的一个团养了只官兵都喜爱的大猴子。那是只善于思考、极有主见的猴子，他的行为习惯和举止总是令军官们开心不已。他的居所对着军官食堂的窗户，尽管身上系着很长但不重的链子，他照样自得其乐，淘气逗人。比如有一天，他觉得一位年轻军官羞侮了他，便立即把食堂窗户敲得惊天动地。军官们只好把他的居所移到一个不太招眼的地方，但他依旧自娱自乐。任何活生生的东西，只要胆敢闯入他链长所及的范围内，就免不了被折腾得手忙脚乱一阵子。而那些倒霉的鸡鸭，却经常误入他的领地。那就会被他一下子抓住，有时竟被他扼杀，不过更多的时候，他都是恶作剧地对这些痛苦的阶下囚实施全身或半身拔毛手术，然后再放开。 然而，有一只鸡却让他突然强烈地喜欢上了。他是逮住了它，但他即不拔毛也不扼杀，反倒是百般怜惜、抚爱有加。这种毫无顾忌的举动使那只不幸的鸡恐怕是宁受拔毛之刑吧。猴子拧它，揉它，抚摸它，搂抱它，把它举得高高地，令它展翅起舞，又把它放开一会儿，可当它试图逃脱时又顽皮地将它两腿一抓。可那只鸡怎么地都不领情，反倒是完全误解了猴情猴意。但猴子却始终不渝，牢牢地紧握着这个心肝宝贝不放松。他满以为忠贞不渝的柔情蜜意即能赢得芳心归，没想到讨好卖乖了一番却不成功，因而更加大献殷勤：不一样地抚摸，更挚着地摩挲，更卖力地搓揉，还逗得它更欢快地舞蹈。可万分钟情也未能赢得回眸一顾。终于，在猴子极其亲昵的拥抱中，鸡给整死了，至死也未能理解猴的一片赤诚。 猴子处于极度悲伤之中。可想而知，他好不容易发现心爱之鸡，而这心爱之鸡未能回报丝毫之柔情，竟弃他而去！可悲复可怜！他开始着手祭奠的仪式，每一动作都表现出他沉痛