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考博英语翻译及写作真题解析与强化练习-考博英汉翻译重点词汇、词组和例句【圣才出品】

考博英语翻译及写作真题解析与强化练习-考博英汉翻译重点词汇、词组和例句【圣才出品】
考博英语翻译及写作真题解析与强化练习-考博英汉翻译重点词汇、词组和例句【圣才出品】

第三章考博英汉翻译重点词汇、词组和例句

在博士研究生入学考试试题的英汉翻译部分要涉及许多专业词汇,下面整理了常考的重点词汇、词组和例句,共20类,以供读者参考和复习!

1.政府人员职位重点词汇、词组和例句

2.政府和机构重点词汇、词组

3.十六大特色词汇、词组和例句

4.宗教类重点词汇、词组

5.艺术类重点词汇、词组

6.医学类重点词汇、词组

7.情感类重点词汇、词组

8.互联网重点词汇、词组

9.世界著名游览胜地英文名

10.人力资源管理重点词汇、词组

11.经济类重点词汇、词组

12.工作类重点词汇、词组和名言

13.国际贸易重点词汇、词组

14.国际关系重点词汇、词组

15.会议重点词汇、词组

16.建筑类重点词汇、词组

17.战争类重点词汇、词组

18.交通类重点词汇、词组和例句

19.地理重点词汇、词组

20.法律重点词汇、词组

1.政府人员职位重点词汇、词组和例句

1.Secretary of Commission for Inspecting Discipline of Nanning市纪检委书记

2.Vice chairman of Nanning People’s Political Consultative市政协副主席

3.Chairman of Nanning Foreign Trade&Economic Cooperation Bureau市外经局局长

4.chairman of Nanning Finance Bureau市财政局局长

5.Vice chairman of Nanning Foreign Trade&Economic Cooperation Bureau

市外经局副局长

6.Vice chairman of Commission for Economic&Trade of Nanning市经委副主任

7.Vice chairman of Nanning Foreign Routine Office市外事办副主任

8.Section chief of Great Project Section of Commission for Project of Nanning

市计委重大项目科科长

9.Chairman of Nanning Local Tax Bureau市地税局局长

10.Vice chairman of Overseas Chinese Investment Zone华侨投资区副主任

11.The head of Yongning County××县县长

12.Chairman of the People’s Government of Xiangcheng Area of Nanning

××区政府区长

13.Vice secretary of Commission of Yongxin Area of Nanning××区委副书记

14.Secretary of Commission of Xingning Area of Nanning××区委书记

15.Chairman of the Standing Committee of National People’s Congress of

Jiangnan Area of Nanning××区人大常委会主任

16.Chairman of Zhuang Ning Company××公司董事长

17.Vice director of Pei Ning Company××公司副总经理

18.Invest Bureau of Nanning New&High Tech Industrial Development Zone

高新区招商局

19.Vice section chief of Foreign Capital of Nanning Foreign Trade&Economic

Cooperation Bureau市外经局外资科副科长

20.Japanese interpreter of Nanning Foreign Routine Office市外事办日语翻译

2.政府和机构重点词汇、词组

The people’s Republic of China(P.R.China)中华人民共和国

Province(Hebei Province)省

Prefecture(Cangzhou Prefecture)区

Municipality(Beijing Municipality)直辖市

City(Cangzhou City)市

County(Cangxian County)县

Autonomous自治(Autonomous District[Prefecture/County])

Capital(Provincial Capital)省会

Communist Party of China中国共产党

National Party Congress全国代表大会

Fifteenth National Congress第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)

First Plenary Session第一届中央全会(一中全会)

Central Committee中央委员会

member of the Central Committee中央委员

alternate member of the Central Committee候补中央委员

Political Bureau政治局

member of the Political Bureau政治局委员

alternate member of the Political Bureau政治局候补委员

Standing Committee of the Political Bureau政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee中央书记处

General Secretary总书记

Central Commission for Discipline Inspection中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee中央军事委员会International Liaison Department对外联络部

Organization Department组织部

United Front Work Department统战部

Propaganda Department宣传部

State President国家主席

President of PRC中华人民共和国主席

Vice President of PRC中华人民共和国副主席

National People’s Congress全国人民代表大会

Standing Committee常务委员会

Chairman委员长

Vice Chairperson副委员长

Members of the NPC Standing Committee常务委员会委员Central Military Committee中央军事委员会

Chairman主席

Vice Chairman副主席

CMC Members委员

Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院

President最高人民法院院长

Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院Procurator-General最高人民检察院检察长

State Council国务院

Premier总理

Vice Premier副总理

State Councillors国务委员

Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部

Ministry of National Defense国防部

State Development Planning Commission国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education教育部

Ministry of Science and Technology科学技术部

Commission of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会

State Ethnic Affairs Commission国家民族事务委员会

Ministry of Public Security公安部

Ministry of State Security安全部

Ministry of Supervision监察部

Ministry of Civil Affairs民政部

Ministry of Justice司法部

Ministry of Finance财政部

Ministry of Personnel人事部

Ministry of Labor and Social Security劳动和社会保障部

Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国土资源部

Ministry of Construction建设部

Ministry of Railways铁道部

Ministry of Communications交通部

Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources水利部

Ministry of Agriculture农业部

Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture文化部

Ministry of Health卫生部

State Family Planning Commission国家计划生育委员会

考博英语翻译笔记整理版(唐静主讲)

2010考研翻译笔记(主讲:唐静) 一、考研翻译的三大基本问题 (一)考研翻译的解题“奥秘” 做真题,而不是看翻译 做翻译=写汉字 (二)考研翻译的题型、命题原则和考试容 1、题型 ①大的方面:主观题——汉字书写工整 ②小的方面:阅读题 没有必要通读全文 有些情况下,需要阅读划线句子的上下文 划线句子有代词,需要读上下文 2、命题原则 ①体裁偏向学术文献,比较抽象 ②题材偏向文科领域(1998年理科的) ③划线的句子长30个字左右,为长难句 3、考试容=考点 1)考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释 (1)专有名词 人名、地名、国家名称、术语、组织机构名称(2)专业术语 Big Bang大爆炸理论 inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论(3)学科术语 anthropoloist人类学家 anthropological人类学的 inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论 SARS非典 (4)词组 as……as by means of home appliances家用电器die out灭绝 (5)多义词: school 学派before以前serve起作用 life 生命、生活 (6)熟词生义 set (成套)设备;集、集合 offend 冒犯;排污超标;污染超标particle 粒子(7)生词:超纲词 2)考察一般性翻译技巧,包括词序调整、词义选择 A、词序调整:即改变英语单词在汉语译文中的先后顺序 46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在联系不同民族和国家方面,电视也许以前没有像在最近欧洲事件中起如此重大的作用。 例如:I studied very hard in the classroom at 6 every morning. 我每天早晨六点钟在教室认真学习。 B、词义选择:即选择一个单词的意思来翻译,解决单词问题(单词不认识怎么办) 词义选择的方法: a、分析词根、词缀 multimedia 多媒体,传媒determinism 决定论methodology 方法论anthropological 人类学的 b、分析上下文来翻译: ①借生词的上下文来造句 人类有能力______环境(改造/征服/适应)Television is one of the meas.(电视是一种工具/方式/媒介)②借助上下文或根据汉语习惯做同义替换 aspect方面 P1-74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. deal with 处理,解决aspect在这里为“问题” P10-50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” 处理挑战?deal with在这里为“应对/解决” 在应对(面对/解决)如此大规模的挑战的时候,… P1-74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 优雅的系统?elegant“完善的、完美的、优良的”3)考察具体句型的翻译 包括定语从句、状语从句、被动结构 (三)考研翻译的方法 直译为主,适当意译直译不等于死译 考研翻译的标准和步骤: 1、标准:准确、通顺、完整;严复:信、达、雅 傅雷:神似;钱钟书:化境 2、衡量的方式:读 3、翻译步骤: 第一步:通读全句、查找连接 第二步:分析成分、划分意群 第三步:选择词义、表达贴切 第四步:适当调整、书写译文 考研翻译步骤例题:P7 61)One difficulty is that / almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to / states of mind ,feelings ,traits of character ,human nature ,and so on. 第一步:通读全句、查找连接 第二步:分析全句,划分译群 主语:one difficulty 谓语:is that引导的表语从句从句的主语:almost all of what is called behavioral science(被动)谓语:continues 第一个to:不定式的符号第二个to:介词的符号,后接名词4个名词:states of mind ,feelings ,traits of character ,human nature作并列宾语 第三步:选择词义表达 1、one 一个difficulty 困难is 是that almost 几乎all 所有what is called 被称之为behavioral science 行为科学continue 继续trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪behavior 行为第二个to 到states of mind 心理状态feelings感觉、感情、情感character 性格train 特征human 人类nature大自然;本性and so on 等等 第四步:适当调整、书写译文 2、one 一个difficulty 困难is 是→在于that almost 几乎all 所有what is called 被称之为→所谓的behavioral science 行为科学……(不通顺) 3、one 一个 is 是→在于that almost 几乎what is called 被称之为→所谓的行为科学……(不通顺) 4、将all放在behavioral science 后:一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都(加上)continue继续trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪behavior 行为第二个to 到……(不对劲) 5、第二个to 到换为根据:一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都continue继续trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪behavior 行为第二个to 根据……(还不对劲) 6、第二个to 根据放到trace跟踪前:一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都根据心理状态情感性

英语四级翻译..-热点词汇翻译

专题一中国节日及相关表达 1.春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year 农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month 农历lunar calendar 年终大扫除year-end household cleaning 春联Spring Festival couplets 年画New Year pictures 剪纸paper-cuts 团圆饭family reunion dinner 饺子dumplings 春晚Spring Festival Gala 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 除夕Eve of Chinese New Year 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new 拜年pay a New Year visit 红包red packets 压岁钱lucky money 放爆竹let off firecrackers 庙会temple fair 禁忌taboo 2.元宵节Lantern Festival 农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 灯会exhibit of lanterns 烟花fireworks 3.端午节Dragon Boat Festival 农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month 粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding 糯米sticky rice 粽叶bamboo leaves 舞龙dragon dance 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon-boat racing 纪念in memory of 屈原Qu Yuan 诗人poet 忠臣loyal minister 4.清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 寒食节Cold Food Festival 祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 踏青go for a spring outing 5.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival 农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month 月饼moon cake 赏月appreciate the glorious full moon 中国神话故事Chinese mythology 嫦娥the goddess of the moon 后羿Houyi

考博英语词汇和翻译练习题

考博英语练习题 1. Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes. A. likely B. susceptible C. influential D. Sustainable 2. The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves; they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct. A. denigration of.., exclude B. instructions to... equate C. parodies of... satirize D. warnings to... justify 【翻译练习】 1、英译汉参考译文 The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV. The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality. 2、汉译英 举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。 【参考答案】 1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的营养成分,体重和在家锻炼很大程度上决定您的孩子是否容易患上儿童糖尿病。 【精析】likely“很可能的,合适的”;susceptible“易受影响的”;influential“有影响的,有势力的”;sustainable“可以忍受的,足可支撑的”;故选B项。 2.D 【句子大意】那些对他人的控告应该视为对我们自己的一个警告;我们不能够仅凭自身道德行径就有理由去妄下定论并且骄傲自满。 【精析】denigration of 诋毁,贬损;exclude排除,排斥;instructions教导,说明;equate使相等,视为平等;parodies of模仿,效仿;satirize讽刺,挖苦;Warnings to 警告;justify证明合法。根据原文,可根据第一句话,首先排除AC选项,对他人的控告不能是对自身的一种诋毁,或效仿。故选D项。 【翻译参考答案】 1、英译汉参考译文 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人员说,两个人生活在一起就会一同行动,比如说一块儿吃饭看电视。科学家们还强调,婚姻会带来许多健康方面的好处,比如说少抽烟,死亡率也会降低。 2、汉译英参考答案 The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties. ===============================================================================

考博英语翻译策略

2012年考博考试英语翻译策略 无论是英汉翻译,还是汉英翻译,就翻译的过程而言,只有两个:一是对原文的理解,二是用译文来表达。 汉英翻译三步策略之一:定主语 1.翻译的单位 在翻译中,最小的翻译单位是什么?是篇章吗?是段落吗?是句子吗?是单词吗?甚至是音节吗?这是一个翻译理论家长期以来争论不休的一个话题。现在大多数翻译家、翻译理论家和翻译实践家都趋向于以篇章或者是整个问题为基本的翻译单位。但是,对于初学翻译的人来说,或者那些根本没有掌握翻译的人,要去应付一个翻译考试的时候,笔者认为,句子可能是最好的翻译单位。 什么是句子?或者具体说来,在汉英翻译中,要把汉语翻译成英语,究竟什么是英语的句子? 柯林斯词典对英语句子的定义是这样的:A sentence is a group of words which,when they are written down,begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop,question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.具体说来,英语的句子可以这样来定义:一个句子就是一组词,在书面语中,每一个句子首词的第一个字母大写,句末用句号、问号或者感叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。 根据英语句子的定义,我们可以清楚的知道,英语的句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成为准确通顺的英语,就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。而英语本身语法非常严谨,逻辑非常严密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中,主语的确定和谓语的选择就是成功构建英语句式结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等的关键。 2.确定汉语原文的主语为英语译文的主语 1)把汉语原文中的主语直接翻译成英语充当译文的主语,这是一种最简单、最可靠的对应方法,也是我们做汉英翻译“定主语”的时候首先应该考虑的方法。如: 例1.当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。(中国

中国热门网络词汇英文翻译

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