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大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照
大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

大学英语精读第6册全文课文翻译

THE QUEST FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE

Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and mused

whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the ni ght

sky, there are other beings who con template and wonder as we do, fellow

thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the uni

verse differe ntly. Somewhere

else there might be very exotic biologies and tech no logies and societies.

In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary huma n un dersta nding, we are a little Ion ely; and we ponder the ultimate significanee, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue pla net.

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a gen erally acceptable cosmic con text for the huma n species. In the deepest sen se, the search for

extraterrestrial in tellige nce is a search for ourselves.

In the last few years -- in one-millionth the lifetime

of our species on this planet -- we have achieved an

extraord inary tech no logical capability which en ables us to seek out uni mag in ably dista nt civilizati ons even if they are

no more adva need tha n we. That capability is called radio astr onomy and in volves sin gle radio telescopes, collecti ons or arrays of radio telescopes, sen sitive radio detectors, advaneed computers for processing received date, and the

imagi natio n and skill of dedicated scie ntists. Radio astronomy has in the last decade opened a new window on the physical uni verse. It may also, if we are wise eno ugh to make the effort, cast a profo und light on the biological uni verse.

Some scie ntists work ing on the questi on of extraterrestrial intelligence, myself among them, have attempted to estimate the number of advaneed technical civilizatio ns -- defi ned operati on ally as societies capable of radio astronomy -- in the Milky Way Galaxy. Such estimates are little better than guesses. They require assigning

numerical values to quantities such as the numbers and ages of stars;

the abundance of planetary systems and the likelihood of the origin of life, which we know less well;

and the probability of the evoluti on of in tellige nt life and

the lifetime of technical civilizations, about which we know very little in deed.

When we do the arithmetic, the sorts of nu mbers we come up with are, characteristically, around a million technical civilizations. A million civilizations is a breathtakingly large number, and it is exhilarating to imagine the diversity,

lifestyles and commerce of those million worlds. But the Milky

Way Galaxy contains some 250 billi on stars, and eve n with a million civilizations, less than one star in 200,000 would

探寻外星人

自从人类有历史记载以来,我们一直在思索着星星,反复考虑是否只有人类存在,或者说在太空深处的某个地方是否存在其他同我们一样在不停地思索着的生命,也就是宇宙中跟我们一起思考的人。这样的人可能对自己和宇宙算法不同。在别的什么地方可能存在着非常奇异的生物、技术和社会。我们在一种空间和时间都超出人类理解的宇宙环境里感到有点孤独。我们深思着根本的意义,我们这个渺小的但精巧的蓝色星。

探寻外星人就是为人类寻找一个普遍能接受的宇宙环境。从最深层次的意义来说,探寻外星人就是寻找我们自己。

在过去的几年中在我们人类生活在这个星球上的百万分之一的时间里,一一我们已经具有了一种非凡的能力。这种技术能力能使我们搜寻到无比遥远的文明世界,即使他们和我们一样不先进。

这种技术能力叫做射电天文学。匕涉及到单架射望远镜、阵列射电望远镜、高灵敏度的无线电探测器,用于处理接收的信息的先进计算机以及全身心投入的科学家们的想象力和技能。射电天文学在过去的十年中已经打开了一个研究宇宙的新窗口。如果我们充分发挥自己的聪明才智去努力,它可能会帮助我们弄清楚宇宙生物世界。一些研究外星人问题的科学家,包括我自己,都已努力设法对银河系的先进技术文明社会的数目进行了估计一一先进技术文明社会定义为具有射民天文学能力的社会。这样的估计比猜想强不了多少。

它们要求将这些情况数字化,诸如星球的数量和年龄,有多少个行星系、生命起源的可能性有多大,这些我们较少知道:还有智慧生物进化的可能性和技术文明世界的寿命,这些我们近乎一无所知。

当我们进行计算时我们得出的这类数字是很有特点的大约有一百万个文明世界。想象一下这百万个文明世界的五花八门、这真令人兴奋,各种生活方式以及商业,可是银河系有大约二千五百亿个恒星,即使有一百万个文明世界,可每二十万

have a pla net in habited by an adva need civilizati on. Since we have little

idea which stars are likely can didates, we will

have to exam ine a very large nu mber of them. Such con sideratio ns suggest that the quest for extraterrestrial in tellige nee may require a sig ni fica nt effort.

Despite claims about ancient astronauts and unidentified flying objects, there is no firm evidenee for past visitation of the Earth by other civilizations. We are restricted to remote sig nali ng and, of the Ion g-dista nee tech niq ues

available to our tech no logy, radio is by far the best. Radio telescopes are relatively in expe nsive; radio sig nals travel at the speed of light, faster tha n which nothing can go; and the use of radio for com muni catio n is not a short-sighted or an thropoce ntric activity. Radio represe nts a large part of the electromag netic spectrum and any tech ni cal civilizati on any where in the Galaxy will have discovered radio early -just as in the last few centuries we have explored the entire electromag netic spectrum from short gamma rays to very long radio waves. Advaneed civilizations might very well use some

other means of communication with their peers. But if they wish to communicate with backward or emerging civilizations, there are only a few obvious methods, the chief of which is radio.

The first serious attempt to listen for possible radio signals from other

civilizations was carried out at the

Nati onal Radio Astr onomy Observatory in Gree nbank, West Virgi ni a, in 1959 and I960. It was orga nized by Frank Drake, now at Cornel University, and was called Project Ozma, after

the prin cess of the Land of Oz, a place very exotic, very distant and very difficult to reach. Drake examined two nearby

stars for a few weeks with negative results. Positive results would have bee n ast onishing because as we have see n, even rather optimistic

estimates of the number of technical

civilizati ons in the Galaxy imply that several hun dred

thousa nd stars must be exam ined in order to achieve success by ran dom stellar selectio n.

Since Project Ozma, there have bee n six or eight other such programs, all at a rather modest level, i n the Un ited States, Can ada and the Soviet Union. All results have bee n n egative. The total nu mber of in dividual stars exam ined to date in this way is less tha n a thousa nd. We have performed something like one tenth of one percent of the required effort.

However, there are sig ns that much more serious efforts may be mustered in the reas on ably n ear future. Besides, hand

in hand with the recent spectacular advances in radio

tech no logy, there has bee n a dramatic in crease in the scie ntific and public respectability of the en tire subject of extraterrestrial life. A clear sign of the new attitude 个恒星中不到一个有文明世界的人居住的行星。既然我们几乎不知道哪些恒星可能存在文明世界,我们将不得不搜寻大量的恒星。这样就意味着探寻外星人可能需要作出极大的努力。

尽管有人声称古代在太空人,见过不明飞行物,然而却缺乏确凿的证据证明过去有其他文明世界的人来过地球。我们只限于运用远距离的通信,在目前我们的技术所能运用的长距离的技术手段中,无线电肯定是最好的。无线电望远镜相对来说价格便宜;无线电象光速那样快速发送信号,而且前没有任何东西快过光速;把无线电用于通讯不是一种短视的或以人类为宇宙中心的行为。无线电具有大部分的电磁波谱,银河系中的任何地方的任何技术文明世界该早就发现无线电,无线电具有大部分的电磁波谱,银河系中的任何地方的任何技术文明世界该早就发现无线电了一一正像在过去的几个世纪中我们对从短伽马射线到长线电波的整个电磁波谱已经探索过了一样。先进的文明社会要能使用其它的通讯方式冋他们的冋辈进行联系。但是,假如他们想和落后的或新兴的文明社会联系,很显然只有几种方法,其中主要的方法就是无线电。

在西旨吉尼亚州格林班克国家无线电天文台第一次认真的尝试收听了来自其他文明的信号。在1

9 5 9年和1 9 6 0年。此项工作是由弗兰

克?德雷克主持的,他现在在康乃尔大学。这是以奥兹国公主的名字命名的,叫作奥兹玛项目。奥兹国是个十分奇异、非常遥远,难以到达的地方。德雷克在几个星期里对两个附近的恒星进行了探测,没有取得积极的结果。假如取得了积极的结果,那会令人吃惊的,因为,正象我们已经看到的一样,即使非常乐观地估算一下银河系中的技术文明社会的数目,要想不加选择地探测就取得成功的话,必须探测几十万个恒星。

自从奥兹玛项目以来,又有6到8个这样规模的项目。都是这样的规模,无论是在美国,加拿大和苏联。所有都未取得结果到目前为止用这种方法探测过的恒星总数还不到一千个,也就是我们大约只探测了需要探测的百分之一中的十分之一。可是,种种迹象表明,人们可能在最近的将来作出更大的努力。此外,随着最近无线电技术取得巨大进步,科学界和公众对外星人这一整个

志就是向火星发射的“海盗”号。这些发射在很大程

度上是专门寻找另一个行星上的生命的。

但是在人们正为认真探索奉献更多力量的同时,一种

略具否定意味却又十分有趣地声音出现了。有几名科

学家最近提出了一个奇怪的问题:如果有大量的外星

人存在,为什么我们还没有看到它存在的迹象?

持怀疑态度的人还对为什么没有

明显证据证明外星人到过地球提出了疑问。我们已经

发射了速度慢、不太大的星际宇宙飞船。一个比我们

先进的社会,如果不是毫不费力的话,也应该能很方

便地来往于星际之间。在几百万年的时间中,这样的

社会应该早已建立了殖民地,他们本身可能进行星际

远征探险。他们为什么没到这里来?人们很自然地推

断地球外最多有几个先进的文明社会一一这要么是

因为从统计数据上看我们是已经形成的首批技术文

明社会之一,要么由于命运不济,所有这样的文明社

会在他们发达得远远超过我们之前就自我来亡了。

我认为这种绝望是相当幼稚的。所有这些论断取决于

我们对远比我们自己先进行得多的生物的动机是否

能作出正确判断:如果对这些论断进行更为细致的审

视的话,我认为它们表现出了人类一种有趣的自负心

态。我们为什么要指望会很容易地找出非常先进的文

明社会存在的迹象呢?我们的境况不是和亚马逊河

流域的与世隔绝的社会中的人很接近吗?这些人缺

少工具来探测他们周围功率强大的国际间的无线电

和电视通讯。天文学中也有大量没有完全理解的现

象。肪冲星的调制或者类星体的能量来源,例如,是不是可能源于某种技术?或许银河系有一条不许干涉落后或新兴文明社会的道德规范;或许要等一段时间再进行接触才认为得体,以便给我们一个公平的机会来先毁灭自己。假如我们想这么做的话。或许所有比我们自己要先进得多的社会都已经有效地达到了使每个成员长生不老的阶段,所以以就失去了到星际间去邀游的愿望,而这种愿望可能可是早期文明社会的一种典型的冲动,谁知道呢。或许成熟的文明社会不想污染宇宙。可以说出很多这样的“或许”,但没有几种我们能够肯定地作出估计。在我看来,地球文

明社会的问题还远未解

conceive of a cosmos brining over with intelligent life. Many aspects of the problem are, fortun ately,

ame nable to

experimental verification.

Wecan search for planets of other

stars, seek simple forms of life on such n earby pla nets as Mars, and perform more exte nsive laboratory studies on the chemistry of the origin of life. We can investigate more deeply the evolution of organisms and societies. The problem cries out for a Ion g-term, ope n-min ded, systematic search, with n ature as the only arbiter of what is or is not likely.

个问题需要人们长期地、不带偏见地、系统地

探索,而只有大自然才是什么可能、什么不可 能的唯一仲裁者。

决。我个人认为理解在一个宇宙中只有我们这一 个技术文明是很困难的。或着少数几个宇宙与想 象的一个充满生命的宇宙想比也是一样。幸运的 是,这个问题的许多方面可以经得起实践的检验。 我们能够搜寻其它恒星,寻找象火星这样离我们 很近的行星上的简单生命形式,并且在实验室中 可以对生命起源的化学机理作更广泛的研究。我 们还可以更深入地研究生物和社会的进化THE LIBRARY CARD

借书证

一天早上,我上班到得早,便走进银行的门 廊,里面有一个黑人清洁工在拖地。我站在柜台 边,拿了一份孟菲斯《商业呼声报》,读起了免费 报纸。我最后翻到社论版,上面登了一篇写关于 一名叫.门肯的人的文章。我听说门肯是《美国信 使》报的编辑。不过除此之外,对他毫无别的了 解。该文言辞激烈地遣责门肯,文章结尾时用了 一句辛辣的短句:门肯是个傻子。

我在想这位门肯先生到底做了什么事以至于 引得南方对他嘲弄。我所听说过在南方唯一受到 谴责的人就是黑人。而此人不是黑人。那么门肯 持有什么样

的观点使得象《商业呼声》这样的报 纸公开攻击他?

不用说,他一定是在宣扬南方所 不喜欢的思想。

那么我怎样能够弄清楚门肯其人?江边有一 大

型图书馆,但我知道,正如不许黑人进入城里 的公园

和运动场一样,他们也同样不被允许进入 图书馆。我

曾经几次去过那儿,帮正在干活的白 人借书。

他们中有哪个人能帮我借书呢? 我反复琢磨着这些白人的人品。有一个犹太 人

叫唐,但我信不过他。他的情况并不比我好多 少,而

且我知道他这个人总是不安分没有安全感。 他待我总是满不在乎、傲气十足,对我的轻视几

There remained only one man whose attitude did not fit into an anti-Negro category, for I had heard the white men refer to him as "Pope lover". He was an Irish Catholic and was hated by the white Southerners. I knew that he read books, because I had got him volumes from the library

several times. Since he, too, was an object of hatred, I felt that he might refuse me but would hardly betray me. I hesitated, weigh ing and bala ncing the imp on derable realities.

One morning I paused before the Catholic fellow's desk.

"I want to ask you a favor," I whispered to him.

"What is it?"

"I want to read. I can't get books from the library. I

won der if you'd let me use your card?"

He looked at me suspiciously.

"My card is full most of the time," he said.

"I see," I said and waited, posing my question silently.

"You're not trying to get me into trouble, are you, boy?" he asked, stari ng at me.

"Oh, no, sir."

"What book do you wa nt?"

"A book by H. L. Me ncken."

"Which on e?"

"I don't know. Has he written more than one?"

"He has written several."

"I did n't know that."

"What makes you want to read Men cke n?"

"Oh, I just saw his n ame in the n ewspaper," I said.

"It's good of you to want to read," he said. "But you ought to read the right thin gs."

I said no thi ng. Would he want to supervise my read ing?

"Let me thin k," he said. "I'll figure out someth in g."

I turned from him and he called me back. He stared at me quizzically.

"Richard, don't men ti on his to the other white men," he said.

"I un dersta nd," I said. "I won't say a word."

A few days later he called me to him.

"I've got a card in my wife's n ame," he said. "Here's

min e."

"Tha nk you, sir."

"Do you thi nk you can man age it?"

"I'll man age fin e," I said.

"If they suspect you, you'll get in trouble," he said.

"I'll write the same kind of notes to the library that

you wrote when you sent me for books," I told him. "I'll sign your n ame."

He laughed.

"Go ahead. Let me see what you get," he said.

That after noon I addressed myself to forgi ng a no te. Now, 乎也不加掩饰。我不敢要他去帮我借书。他特别渴望表示自己在与白人团结一致反对黑人,这使他有可能会出卖我。

那么老板如何样呢?不成。他是个浸礼会教

徒,我有这样的怀疑,就是他可能不大会明白为什么一个黑人孩子想去读门肯的书。上班的还有一些别的白人,但他们的态度明确地表明他们要么是三K党徒,要么是其支持者,要他们帮忙是不可能的。

仅剩一人了,他的态度不属于反黑人的范畴,

因为我曾经听白人们叫他为“拍教皇马屁的人”。他是爱尔兰的天主教徒,南方白人不喜欢他。我知道他常读书。因为我曾经有几次帮他去图书馆借过书。因为他也是白人仇视的对象,我感到他也许会拒绝我但不大可能出卖我。我拿不准,只在心里反复琢磨,反复权衡着这无法估计的事情。

一天早上,我来到这位天主教徒的桌子边停

下。

“我想请你帮个忙。”我低声对他说。

“什么忙?”

“我想借书。我从图书馆中借不到书。

我不知道你可否让我用一用你的借书证?”

他满心怀疑地看着我。

“我的证大部分时间都借满了,”他说。

“我知道。”我边说边等待着,用沉默来提出我的问题。

“你不是想给我惹麻烦,对吗,小伙子?” 他两眼瞪着我。

“噢,不,先生。”

“你想借什么书?”

“.门肯写的。“

“哪一本?”

“我不知道。他写过不止一本书吗?”

“他写了好几本。”

“我以前不知道。”

“你为什么想读门肯的书?”

“噢,我刚刚在报纸上看到他的名字。”我说。

“你想读书是不错的,”他说,

“不过,你应该读一些好的书。”

我什么也没说。他会不会要监督我的阅读呢?

“让我想一下,我会想出办法的。”他说。

我转过身走开,他把我叫了回来。

“理查德,不要对其他的白人讲此事。”

“我知道,我是一个字也不会说的。”

几天后,他把我叫了过去。

“我用我妻子的名义搞了张借书证,”他说。

“我的这张就给你了。”

“谢谢你,先生。”

“你认为自己能成功吗?”

“我会搞妥的。”我说。

“如果他们怀疑上你,你就麻烦了。”他说。“我会象你以前让我去借书时一样写张条子给图书馆。”我告诉他说,

“我会签上你的名子的。”

他听后笑了起来。

“去吧。看看你能借到什么书。”

那天下午,我竭尽全力造了一张假便条。但是,.门肯写的书的书名都是什么呢?我一点也不知道。最后,我写了一张自认为万无一失的条子:亲爱的夫人,请让这个小黑鬼一一我使用了“黑鬼”这个词是为了让图书管理员不认为我写这张便条一一借几本.门肯的书好吗?在便条上我假冒了这个白人的签名。

我象以往为白人跑腿借书时一样走进了图书

馆,但不知怎么搞的,我总觉得自己不知会在什么地方出点岔子,最终暴露自己。我摘下帽子,毕恭毕敬地站在离借书桌有一段距离的地方,显出一副不会读书的样子,等着白人读者先借。桌边已经空无一人了,我仍在等着。

白人管理员看着我问道:

“你想干什么,伙计?”

像不会说话一样

我迈向前,一声也没作的把那张伪造的条子递了过去。

“他想借门肯的书?”她问。

“我不知道,夫人。”我躲开了她的双眼。

“这张卡是谁给你的?”

“福尔克先生。”

“他在哪儿?”

“他在工作。在M光学仪器公司,”我说,

“我以前在这儿给他借过书。”

“我记得,”她说。“但他从未写过象这样的条子。”

噢,天啊!她有点怀疑了。也许她不会让我借

这些书了。如果当时她转过身去的话,我一定会低头

“你可以打电话问问他,夫人,”我说道,

心里却紧张得砰砰狂跳。

“不是你自己用这些书吧?”她直率地问。

“噢,不会,夫人。我不会认字。”

“我不知道他要门肯的什么书?”她低声说

道。此时,我知道成功了。她已经忘了种族问题,

在考虑其它的问题了。她走到书架前,又转过头来

看过我一、两次,似乎仍对我有些怀疑。最后她拿

了两本书走了过来。“我借给他两本书。” 她说。

“但你要告诉福尔克先生,下次让他来,要

不就告诉他要借的书的名字。我不清楚他借什么

书。”

我什么也没有说。她在借书证上盖了章,然

后把书交给了我。我连看都没敢看一眼借到的书就

走出了图书馆,生怕她会把我叫回去进一步地盘

问。走出一个街区后我打开其中一本书,看了一下

书名:《序言集》。我马上就十九岁了,可我不知

道怎样发“序言”这个词的音。我用手指快速地翻

着,看到了一些奇怪的词和句子。我失望地摇了摇

头。又去看另一本书。书名叫《偏见》我知道这个

词的含义。我从小到大都一直在听到这个词。我由

此一下子对门肯的书有了警觉。为什么一个人要把

书名定为《偏见》呢?这个词沾满了我对种族仇恨

的所有记忆,我以致于无法想象会有人以它作为书

名。也许我错看了门肯?一个带有偏见的人肯定

是错的。

当我把书扔给福尔克先生看时,他望了望我

皱起了眉头。

“图书管理员可能会给你打电话的。”我先

给他提个醒。

“这好办。”他说,“但是当你读完这些书

后,希望你能告诉我从中学到了些什么。”

那天晚上,有租来的房间里,我让热水冲着

洗碗池里的猪肉烧豆罐头,一边打开那本《序言

集》读了起来。我被书中的风格和它那干净、整

齐,有力的句子给震惊了。他为什么要这样写呢?

又是怎样象这样写成的呢?我把他想象成一个凶狠

的魔鬼一样,用手中的笔奋力进攻,内心充满仇

恨。对美国的一切进行抨击,而又竭力称颂欧洲或

德国的一切东西。他嘲笑人性的弱点,嘲弄上帝和

权威。这是怎么回事?我站起来,试图弄明白隐藏

在字眼后面的实际情况。是的,这个人一生在战

斗,用他手中的笔作武器进行战斗。他

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大学英语精读1课文翻译 Unit1 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语,然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差?其实,责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑,必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习,有用的词汇必须牢记,而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2.密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过,为什么我们说 "我对英语感兴趣"是"I'm interested in English",而说"我精于法语"则是"I'm good at French"?你可曾问过自己,为什么以英语为母语的人说"获悉消息或秘密"是"learn the news or secret",而"获悉某人的成功或到来"却是"learn of someone's success or arrival"?这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时,你不仅必须注意词义,还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3.每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力,而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外,你还可以听英语广播,看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段,你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意,然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4.抓住机会说。的确,在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多,但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如,跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读,因为这在任何时间,任何地方,不需要搭档就可以做到。例如,你可以看着图片或身边的物件,试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后,假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家,试着用英语把它表演出来。

大学英语精读第一册课文翻译全

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