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GMAT SC Manhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770NN)

Subject-verb agreement (7)

Fragment: Subject and verb must both exist (7)

Sense: Subject and verb must make sense together (8)

Number agreement: Subject and verb must agree in number (9)

Additive phrases (9)

Or, either…or, neither…nor: nearest . 9

Collective nouns: almost always

singular (9)

Indefinite pronouns: usually singular.9

SANAMM words: some; any; none; all;

more; most; (9)

Each and every (9)

Quantity words and phrases (9)

Subject phrases and clauses: always

singular (10)

Parallelism (10)

Parallel markers (10)

Parallel elements (11)

You can split apart the expressions:.. 12

Parallel clauses should start with the

same word (12)

Lists with AND (13)

Idioms with parallel structure (13)

Superficial parallelism vs. actual parallelism (13)

Watch out for linking verbs (14)

Treat any linking verb as a parallel

market. (14)

And they have to make sense (15)

Pronoun (15)

Antecedent must exist: as a noun (15)

Antecedent and pronoun must make sense together (15)

The antecedent must be unambiguous (16)

The antecedent and pronoun must agree in number (16)

Pronoun case (16)

Watch out for parallelism (16)

’s is often poor antecedent (17)

The deadly five: it, its, they, them, their (17)

This, that, these, and those (18)

Adjectives: (18)

New copy (18)

Agree in number with previous version

(18)

This, these, that, and those cannot be

used as nouns. (18)

Modifiers (19)

Adjectives and adverbs (19)

Adjective + adjective + noun (19)

Adverb + adjective + noun (19)

Noun modifiers (20)

Misplaced modifier (21)

Dangling modifier (21)

Modifiers have to make sense (22)

Noun modifiers with relative clause.. 22

Essential vs. non-essential noun

modifiers (23)

Verb modifiers (23)

Verb tense, mood and voice (25)

Tense (25)

Simple tense (25)

Progressive tense (25)

Keep verb tense consistent (25)

Present perfect: still in effect (26)

Past perfect: the earlier action (26)

Tense sequence (27)

The subjunctive mood (28)

Hypothetical subjunctive (28)

If...then constructions (28)

The command subjunctive (29)

Active voice vs. passive voice (31)

Comparisons (32)

Keeping comparisons parallel (32)

Comparisons must be logically parallel

(32)

Comparisons must be structurally

parallel (33)

Omitted words (33)

Comparative and superlative forms (34)

Idioms (35)

Odds and ends (55)

Connecting words (55)

Connecting punctuation (57)

Comma (57)

Semicolon (58)

Colon (59)

Dash (59)

Quantity (60)

Advanced strategy: GMC/S-V/PARALLELISM (61)

Concision: specific patterns of wordiness (61)

Pattern 1: prefer a verb to an action

noun (61)

Pattern 2: prefer a That-clause (with

verbs) to a series of phrases (with

nouns) (63)

Pattern 3: prefer a verb to an adjective.

(63)

Pattern 4: prefer an adjective to a

noun (64)

Pattern 5: prefer an adverb to a

prepositional phrase (65)

Pattern 6: prefer an adjective to an

adjective clause with be (65)

Pattern 7: r emove IT IS...THAT (66)

Concision: don’t make it too short (66)

Pattern1: keep the prepositional

phrase if you need to (66)

Pattern2: keep THAT OFor THESE

OF if you need to (68)

Pattern 3: keep THAT after a

reporting verb (68)

Parallelism: concrete nouns and action nouns (69)

Infinitives (71)

Adjectives and participles: (71)

Advanced strategy: pronouns and modifiers (72)

Other pronouns (72)

There (72)

Itself, themselves: (73)

DO SO versus DO IT (73)

Placeholder IT (73)

1. Postpone infinitive subjects (73)

2. Postpone That-clause subjects (74)

3. Postpone infinitive or That-clause

objects (74)

Nuances of pronoun reference: (74)

Modifiers: Exceptions to the Touch Role (75)

1. Mission Critical modifier (75)

2. A very short predicate falls between,

shifting a very long modifier back (75)

3. A short non-essential phrase

intervenes and is set off by comas. (76)

4. The modifier is part of a series

parallel modifiers, one of which

touches the noun. (76)

Possessive Nuances (76)

Subgroup modifiers (77)

More on relative clauses vs. participles (77)

Absolute phrases (78)

Advanced strategy: Verbs & comparisons (80)

Helping verbs: BE, DO and HA VE (80)

Infinitives (82)

Gerunds (83)

Participles (84)

When to use which word (85)

Manhattan总结(中文)——GMAT语法

Chapter 1 SC Basics (1) Chapter 2 GRAMMAR, MEANING, CONCISION (1) Chapter 3 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (3) Chapter 4 PARALLELISM (5) Chapter 5 PRONOUNS (6) Chapter 6 MODIFIERS (8) Chapter 7 Verb tense , mood, & voice strategy (11) Chapter 8 comparison strategy (13) Chapter 9 Idioms——看原书 Chapter 10 Odds & ends (15) Chapter 11 GMC/S-V /PARALLELISM: ADVANCED (18) Chapter 12 pronouns & modifiers: advanced (19) Chapter 13 verbs & comparisons：advanced (22) Chapter 1 SC Basics 1、各个选项中最好的答案并不一定是完全正确、完美的 2、日常口语中实际上有很多语法错误 3、SC的做题方法：将每个选项逐个代入句子读一遍再寻找错误是很费时间的，更好的方法应该是使用分类排除的方法（split）。将五个选项按照某个语法点的区别分成两组或更多，找到你所确认的错误排除其中的一些组；再次分组，再次排除，直到剩下最终答案。 4、在一道题中将会测试多个语法点，平常练习中需要找出所有的点，而在考试时只需要找到一个能排除该选项的即可；而且每个选项往往都有多个点可以将其排除。 5、注意划线外部分，注意划线部分与划线外部分的关系，有许多重要的线索在远离划线部分的地方。选择一个选项后要重读一遍句子,确认选项使得句子完整。 Chapter 2 GRAMMAR, MEANING, CONCISION 1、在做SC时，判断选项是否错误应该从语法开始，然后考虑意思，最后考虑简洁。语法：GMAT测试你区分好和不好的语法的能力。许多语法错误的句子看起来很自然。意思：句子不能有歧义，并且句子必须反映作者的真实的意愿，在选择选项时不要随便改变句子的原意（除非原句错误）。简洁：不使用多余的词。 2、GRAMMAR：包括主谓一致、平行、代词、修饰语、时态、语气语态、比较、惯用语。 3、MEANING：不要随便改变句子原意。GMAT考试中，意思上的小错误常常容易被忽略。在MEANING上的主要考点主要可以归类为：选择正确的词、词的正确位置和词与词之间的一致。（1）选择正确的词：常考的是相近的词相互替代而使句子意思发生改变。如：

GMAT曼哈顿语法---精华汇总

曼哈顿 SC 总结 Chapter 1 Sentence Correction Basics 1.一道例题 Although William Pereira first gained national recognition for his movie set designs, including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations remember him as the architect for the Transamerica Tower, the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University and the city of Irvine. A:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations B: like that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations will C:like those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations D: including that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations will E:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations will 这道题用两点split。 1.1GMAT规定，Like不能用于举例；注意，在之后的说明中，曼哈顿说The GMAT used to claim that ‘like’ simply meant‘similar to’ and could not introduce examples. However, the exam writers have moderated this hardline duty in published explanations. As a result, either ‘including’ or‘likelihood would technically work in the sentence. 1.2GMAT规定，进行指代时，如果有单复数转换，不能用代词指代，而应换作相对应的名词。 2.做题时间一般不多于90秒钟，理想状况下，花费60-75秒。 3.做题步骤 3.1细读原文理解原文中作者本意，顺带看是否有错误出现。如发现错误，默默记下，以备之后作为排除依据；如未发现错误，不要留恋，只要保证理解了文字的字面意思和作者本意即可。 3.2纵向扫描，找split 不要读选项，只是纵向寻找不同点（split）。看句首和句尾，此两处必有split，不然画线不会画到它们。迅速找到多个split，找最容易区分的。 3.3选取最简单split进行筛选所谓简单，就是容易找/容易比较/容易决定。语法语义两个角度来分析 3.4选定第一个split 3.5用同一个split，去检查其他选项是否也犯了同样的错误

Ron 笔记 gmat 语法

Ron 笔记 1、平行 first two both 2 are correct ＊the parallel structures are indicated by “parallel tags” Most fossils of species X were found in Tennessee or Kentucky Most fossils of species x were found in T or in K. FOLLOW the tags are included. *proceed from RIGHT to LEFT in your analysis Look at the words following the tag

tags: the list of 3 or more items, the COMMAS and the “AND” are tags!! Focus on the sentence ” ITS ”

USAGE OF “COMPARED TO/WITH” with statistics/quantities: *DO NOT include any other words of comparison “28 percent of American husbands were married to wives with more years of schooling, compared to 6 percent in 1971.” NO additional word re: ” more “ “ less” ”N times” etc

曼哈顿FOV笔记

曼哈顿FoV. CR笔记目录 1.All about the Argument (1) Sound argument vs. valid argument (1) On the GMAT (2) The arguer’s job and your job (2) List of the twelve flaws (2) Details of the twelve flaws (3) A. Unjustified Assumptions (3) B. Causation Errors (4) C. Comparison Errors (5) D. Math Errors (6) E. Communication Errors (7) Find the gaps in arguments (7) 2.Decoding the Question Stem and Stratege (8) 1. All about the Argument Sound argument vs.valid argument Every complete argument has two components written down on paper: ? Premises—supporting statements ? Conclusion— the main point or biggest claim of the argument A sound argument is successful on every level: the premises are true, and the conclusion logically follows from the premises. When a conclusion follows logically from true premises, that conclusion is therefore true. A valid argument is one in which the conclusion follows logically from the premises—but the premises may or may not be true. In a valid argument, if the premises are true, then the conclusion will also be true. In a good, valid argument, the premises lead to the conclusion in a direct way. They provide enough evidence to guarantee the truth of the conclusion (which is occasionally implied rather than stated explicitly).

GMAT语法知识点归纳

OCEAN的语法知识点总结 By Roxas605（ChaseDream）资料来源：OG12、OG12-verbal、OG10、Prep07、Prep08、GWD、Manhattan 一、独立主格总结：独立主格只做状语，放在句首或句尾，表示伴随原因、条件、状态、目的、时间、补充说明等 ●独立主格三种形式： 1)一般形式：n.+n.，n.+V-ed/v-ing，n.+介词短语/形容词短语独立部分与主句部分无太多关联 2)with形式：with+宾语+宾补，如：with+n.+v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/形容词短语与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系 3)each形式：each+v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/形容词短语；each+n.+介词短语必须前面有复数名词 *：with型独立主格在GMAT中常常被判累赘 ●另外，存在一种with+n.+/with+n.+定语从句,可以看做概括性同位语分析：放在句首，一定修饰主语，放在句尾既可以修饰主语也可以修饰谓语二、同位语总结：类似定语，修饰名词或者名词短语、代词（不是核心词指代） 1)名词性同位语：名词解释名词。（以下三种，第二个n.后可以跟修饰词） i.N., n.; ii.n., a/an + n.或a/an + n., n.; iii.the + n., n.（前面的the + n 为同位结构） 2)内容具体化同位结构：抽象名词（theory/evidence/belief/principle）+that 从句 that从句对抽象名词进行具体化解释（注意与of 结构的区别），that从句部分才是同位语。(that是小品词，连词，和一般的名词性that分句中的that一样) 3)概括性同位语：短语/句子，n. + that / doing / done... （+doing、done形式和独立主格相同）用一个概括性的名词去概括前面的修饰对象： ※同位语和独立主格的区别： 1. 同位语修饰名词，独立主格修饰句子 2.同位语表示前面名词的具体内容和特征，而独立主格是一种伴随状态，描述与伴随分局同步发生的事情（原因、条件）

GMAT语法笔记

GMAT语法笔记 May 18, 2013 综述 Gmat语法在verbal中是最重要的部分，16/41。是最严格的美式书面英文。做题时间1:10/Q 规律性强比如：maybe一定错，一般改为probably , perhaps。因为maybe是口语词，但是may be不一定错，may be 不是口语词。句式复杂，难句多，考法新是最严格的美式书面英文 Eg. 1）表“建议”suggest that S（subject,主语）should V-原型这是虚拟语气的句型表“建议”或“命令”的词（suggest, order, demand, mandate, require, insist, dictate, propose, recommend, stipulate）后，跟的从句should+V-原型，should必须省! 【注】suggest表“暗示”的时候，不是虚拟语气 2）team, family, group, army等这些词全部是单数，用is。 99%的名词只要加了s就是可数名词，少数1%如某种疾病diabetes:糖尿病。 3）定语从句that可以指人，也可以指物，但是Gmat考试中that只可以指物，不能指人，因为人要用who。五种简单句 1）SV 主语+动词 2）SCP 主系表 3）SVO 主谓宾 4）SVOO 主谓双宾 Eg. Tom gave Jerry a book. Tom advises Jerry that the movie (should) start early. 错！没有advice sb that, 只有tell, persuade, convince,这三个词可以+ sb that SVO(SVO表从句)，其他的单词均不能用+sb that的结构，同时这三个单词不能直接+that,且这三个词可以用自己的固定搭配Eg. Persuade sb to do sth或persuade sb into doing. 5）SVOC 主谓宾宾补 Eg.We call him Tom I think I love you. 错！that宾语从句的that在句中不能省略，但是是相对错，因为一般 say that中的that都省略。 LIKE

曼哈顿语法笔记讲解学习

Chapter 3: 主谓一致注意主语和谓语之间构成的逻辑意义相符合 Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. Right: Once developed, a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. 主语谓语之间必须做到单复数相符合 Eliminate the middlemen and Skip and warmup (准确做到正常的跳读) 没有必要的句子成分尽量少读介词短语，从句，其他修饰成分善于利用句子的机构去判断单复数 The tidal forces to which an object falling into a black hole is subjected are sufficient to tear the object apart. And和additive phases （注意mathematics，aerobics，diabetes,citus都是单数的形式） Media是medium的复数形式。 Either or（就近原则确定谓语单复数）集体名词 People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team Items: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture. 用单数 Our army of a hundred thousand soldiers is attacking the enemy. 不定代词 SANAM：some, any, none, all, more/most 这几个词语要依据不同情形确定单复数 Any of these women is a suitable candidate for marriage to my son. Not one of my friends is here this weekend. Every and each Every dog has paws. Every dog and cat has paws.

GMAT SC Manhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770NN)

目录 Subject-verb agreement (7) Fragment: Subject and verb must both exist (7) Sense: Subject and verb must make sense together (8) Number agreement: Subject and verb must agree in number (9) Additive phrases (9) Or, either…or, neither…nor: nearest . 9 Collective nouns: almost always singular (9) Indefinite pronouns: usually singular.9 SANAMM words: some; any; none; all; more; most; (9) Each and every (9) Quantity words and phrases (9) Subject phrases and clauses: always singular (10) Parallelism (10) Parallel markers (10) Parallel elements (11) You can split apart the expressions:.. 12 Parallel clauses should start with the same word (12) Lists with AND (13) Idioms with parallel structure (13) Superficial parallelism vs. actual parallelism (13) Watch out for linking verbs (14)

GMAT语法总结 (1)

第一章：句子结构(一划句子结构) 一、名词性从句：一）主语从句：it may (well) be that + 主从; it be +adj./ed/n. + that + 主从; it seem/happen/appear + that + 主从二）宾语从句：动词型：that 不能省略/ 介词型：介词后只能接疑问词引导的宾语从句(除in that, except that, but that) 三）表语从句：主语+be+that 从句/疑问词型从句二、特殊结构：一）强调：it is…that …; it is not until…that…;many n…..,if not most, do sth; n. is as…as…, if not more so. 二）倒装：三）as 结构： Prep.: accept/ classify/ define/ describe/ know/ name/ refer to/ regard/ speak of/ state/ think/ think of/ view as n. Conj.: (just) as …, 主句; (just) as …, so 主句; (just) as …, so too 主句(部分倒装); Pron.: 代替单主句 (e.g. indirect socialization also occurs, as when television shows reinforce stereotyped images) 四）同位结构：同位语，主语…（一定要一致） ● 解释：n.,n.; a n., n.; n., a n.; the n., n.; ● 内容具体化：抽象n.(theory/ evidence/ belief/ principle/hypothesis) + that 从句 (that 不能省略);of 表示所属关系，强调部分概念。 ● 概括：a n. (program/ information/ effort/ practice) that ● 修饰：n., n. that 从句 ● 代词：n., one/ones + that 从句五）独立主格：(with/each) + n./ ed/ ing/ adj.phrase/ prep.phrase （注意each 后接单数its 非their ）六）省略结构：V .+that 两个句子并列，第一个含有be 作为助动词或become ，第二个句子中的be 或become 必须省略。七）否定结构： Is not A, but B; not A, but rather B; is A, rather than B; is A, not B. 八）时态练习： 1. Ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight. 2. Quasars are believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development. 3. while some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally. 4. South Korea’s church membership is expanding by 6.6.% a year, fully two -thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than increases in the population. 5. Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost 51 million dollars. 6. Many writers of modern English have acquired careless habits that damage the clarity of their prose, but they can break these habits if they are willing to take the necessary trouble. 7. Dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to either local history or various ethnic groups, and there are also many one-of-a-kind museums from Manhattan to the Bronx that are open for exploration on summer weekends. 8. The administration, worried over the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness. 9. In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a Often visible as smog, Conj. Two major pollutants emitted by automobiles Conj. Conversions 与 increases 形势对称，increases 强调增加本身，increasing 强调动作 Hope: ,it is hoped, 作插入语；it is hoped that+从句 They 优先代指从句主语独立主格: (with/each)+ n./ ed/ ing/ adj.phrase/ prep.phrase Worry+about/over Cars ’ potential energy 错

GMAT语法知识点总结：

语法知识点总结： 1. 句子结构： A. run-on SVO, and SVO, and SVO.对的 SV, V, and V.对的 FANBOYS(for, and, nor,but, or , yet, so) B. 主谓一致 C. 缺少主谓宾（主句和从句） D. 从句省略： Although SVO, SVO 从句的S省略：条件主从句的主语相同；从句谓语中有be动词，也可以省略Although(he is)fat,he still eats a lot. When(he was)walking back home, he came across a dog. 考点：主语还原后发现意思不和逻辑 E. 倒装句判断的方法：。。。。 Alongside the trail on which we ride bike every morning runs a line of rugged old oak trees.

2. 平行结构： A.平行配搭：要求绝对的平行 not only...but also...; not...but... (not) so much....as.... neither...nor... either...or... B. 功能相同的成分才可以平行：Doing...and done....,SVO. doing和done都是定语，修饰主语 I believe that....and that....功能相同的从句C. and, but, or平行标志词，前后结构一定相同(OG13-40题) doing and doing; to do and to do; as if...and as if 3 比较结构： A. 比较搭配：the same...as... ;more than...; as...as...;like/unlike/different from B. 比较从句：than; as...as... I am taller than Li Lei (is) I walk as fast as (I did) when I was younger. 主从句句式绝对対称；比较对象对等 be动词可省可不省；倒装；什么相同省略什

曼哈顿GMAT系列SC笔记

一、语法和语义 Grammar and Meaning 1.Grammar: Does the sentence adhere to the rules of Standard Written English? 2.Meaning: Does the sentence clearly indicate the author’s intended meaning? Meaning Errors 1. Choose your words Eg: right: The court declared that Jack must pay full damages Wrong: The court declared that Jack should pay full damages explanation: on the GMAT exam, the word” should” only mean “moral obligation”, something the court cannot impose. 2. Place your words 3.Match your words (主语和谓语在一起要有意义) 4.Avoid Redundancy a. GMAT考试中很常见的一种累赘错误是在一个句子中使用了两个意思重复的词语。例如：The value of the stock rose by a 10% increase . Right: The value of the stock rose by 10% b. 要注意时间的表达词语。尤其是当一个时间表达未被划线，或者两个表达相同时间的词语看起来不同

GMAT网络课程语法笔记(11)

GMAT网络课程语法笔记(11) 1. Temporary-employment agencies benefit not only from the increasing demand for clerical workers but also the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom have increased in the recent wave of corporate takeovers. (A) the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom (B) the higher profits that are made in the placement of highly paid professionals, requests for whom (C) from the requests for highly paid professionals, who make higher profits for the agencies when placed and whose requests (D) from highly paid professionals, whose placement makes higher profits for the agencies and whose requests (E) from the higher profits made in placing highly paid professionals, requests for whom 2. In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16

GMAT曼哈顿语法中文版资料

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