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《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

Lesson 1

1.3 美国副总统复旦演讲

韩市长,非常感谢您!谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很高兴来到这里。我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎,特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。我们为此感到不胜荣幸,谢谢你们!我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。我听说贵校有极为严格的标准,得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。我祝贺在座各位学业有成。对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。

1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton University

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good evening.

I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people,Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton,“At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”

I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in

common in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.

1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话

各位尊敬的来宾,女士们,先生们:下午好!

欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼!感谢各位拨冗光临,与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动!

我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢!”

公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲,我们能干的员工感到骄傲,他们发展了工厂的业务,使之达到国际水平。

新厂房标志着公司对中国业务的重视和承诺。

各位供应商,我们希望与你们携手共进,使我们的业务更上一层楼。

各位经销商,我们将继续向你们提供尖端的高质量产品,以协助你们做好客户支持,改善中国和东南亚许许多多人士的生活。

各位邻居和朋友,我们将成为良好的企业公民,与各位同行一起维护在中国开展业务的规范性。

最后,我们承诺给员工们提供一个安全、舒适的工作环境。

再次感谢各位与我们共同庆祝今天的典礼!

Lesson 2

2.3 大提琴家马友友

今天将与我们见面的是我们这个时代最杰出的大提琴家马友友先生。作为大提琴演奏家,马友友的职业生涯已经跨越20多年,期间他发行了50多张专辑。他的音乐获得过许多奖项,其中包括令人叹服的14项格莱美大奖。他也曾在许多重要的场合演奏,如格莱美的颁奖仪式和奥运会的开闭幕式。

马友友是出生在法国的华裔,父母都是音乐家,母亲是歌唱家,父亲是作曲家。第一次正式登台演出的时候,马友友年仅5岁。4年后年仅9岁的马友友就在纽约极具声望的卡耐基音乐大厅登台演出,此时他已随家人移居到美国。此后马友友进入茱莉亚音乐学院学习提琴演奏,从那儿他又转入哈佛大学,并获得人类学学位。他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。

而今,马友友仍在继续他的音乐之旅,积极地与来自世界各地的各种流派的音乐家合作。他的音乐灵感受到人和大自然的激发。在马友友看来,大提琴是他的声带的延伸。他演奏时最重要的一点是自始至终全情投入,努力将音乐的内容传递给现场的观众。

2.4 CNN interview with Jet Li

?祝贺《英雄》取得了成功。请问您在《英雄》中扮演的角色是否与你通

常演的角色很相似呢?

?It’s a very special part and a very special movie. I think it’s one of the most

important action films in my life.

?为什么你会这样说呢?你演过近30部电影,而《英雄》与其他影片有何

不同呢?

?Usually action films have a formula: A child whose parents have been

murdered by bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master. He takes revenge and kills the bad buys. But “Hero” has a much broader them.

?就比如象《卧虎藏龙》?

?No, it’s totally different. I think Ang Lee is a very v ery talented director. He

uses martial arts to talk about love, you know. But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their inspirations about the world.

?含义的确很深。我们知道你的处女作是1979年拍摄的《少林寺》,那时

你还是个十几岁的少年。影片在亚洲引起了轰动,并且还加拍了两部续集。我想问的是,你使如何从一位武术冠军成为一名好莱坞的动作明星的?

?I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial

arts. That is my special key. I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film.

I have been thinking about doing something different, like using martial arts

to talk about peace and to achieve peace.

?这听起来似乎是矛盾的,对吗?你是一位打斗者,却要谈“和平”?

?That’s right, because Chinese culture is not just martial arts. That’s only the

physical part. It’s not true that the Chinese people are all Kongfu masters and can just beat up people; and that they have no brains, no thoughts. As a matter of fact, we have a deep, strong and sophisticated philosophy. I feel I have the responsibility to share this information with the worldwide audience.

Lesson 3

3.3 Steve Forbes on Forbes

我祖父二十世纪初来到美国,他离开苏格兰时身上没有什么钱。连他在内有兄弟姐妹10人,不过他自小受到很好的教育。像许多人一样,他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。** 他创办了《福布斯》杂志,报道那些实干家,那些给商业社会带来变革的人。

我祖父常说,做生意不是为了堆积百万财富,而是为了带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司和经营,文章中会用到许多数字,但是焦点一直放在人上面。**对公司而言,最重要的是人,而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的,我们现在也这样看。

** 当前世界信息泛滥,足以将人淹么其中,人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息,告诉读者哪些重要哪些可以不必理会。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面,总想看看公司到底如何经营的,正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company

Distinguished guests, dear friends:

I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.

Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700. Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of4,500 square meters; now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters. These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.

Our leading products are various architectural models, including exotic European cathedrals, the

Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs. Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.

Today, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. They are well received by both local importers and customers.For fifteen years, our output value has maintained an annual growth rate of 30%.

3.5 财富500强

45年来,〈财富〉杂志一直给美国的大公司排名,这就是一年一度的“财富500强”,有时也将前面的100名成为“财富100强”。上榜的公司基本上都是头年收入名列前茅的美国本土公司。财富杂志根据上市公司的公开数据来计算收入,未上市的公司没有列入,因为它们的股票没有公开发行。国外公司在美国的分公司也不参与排名。

“财富500强”公司是美国规模最大、利润最多、实力最强的公司。论收入,即使500强排名最后的公司也是才大气粗,如去年排名最末的公司收入也超过30亿美圆。

除了介绍美国公司的“财富500强”之外,〈财富〉杂志还推出了“全球500强”,给各国的上市公司排名。当然,由于美国经济在全球经济中的主导地位,许多“财富500强”的美国公司也高居“全球500强”排行榜。

〈财富〉杂志也推出其他排名,如“100家受雇条件最佳公司”、“100家增长最快的公司”等。比较各种排名看看哪些公司重复上榜,是很有意思的事情。比如,在“100家受雇条件最佳公司”榜上排名第一的公司可能根本不在“财富500强”之列,而排在“财富500强”和“全球500强”前列的公司,却上不了“最受人尊敬的公司”排行榜。也许甲壳虫乐队说得对——爱是不能用金钱买来的。

Lesson 4

4.3 西敏斯特大学介绍

非常感谢你们的盛情款待,我们很高兴来到这里与你们相聚。很遗憾校长先生今天无法前来,我谨代表他介绍一下我们的学校。

西敏斯特大学成立于1838年,是英国第一所工科大学,所以我们学校有着悠久的历史。我们的主校区位于英国首都伦敦市的中心地带。目前我们的学生来自132个不同国家,人数超过22,700。西敏斯特大学是全英最受国际学生欢迎的15所大学之一。

我们有教师700多人,还有来自各国的客座讲师1,000余人。学校的这种国际环境为学生日后将要面临的职业生涯做好了良好的准备,我们的宗旨是提供国内国际环境下高品质的教育和科研。

我们是一所现代大学,在诸多研究领域占据领先地位,其中包括传播、文化与媒体研究、法律、亚洲研究、语言学、艺术设计(含音乐)、电子工程、政治与国际关系等,我们的主要学科均获得高度的专业认可。

我们真诚地希望与贵校建立交流合作项目。

4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year

To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year(also called Spring Festival) is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year. **Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes the new one.

The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is de rigueur, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year. Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it. It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.

The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values. *The first value is the sense of family togetherness; members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner. Everyone will follow this custom. The female members are usually held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands. *The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.

However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles. After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold it in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs. The festival door-to-door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages. Some families go away for a trip or even go to such extreme as to seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.

* Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as where core values are embodied, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance. Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese

traditional festivals will gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.

The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated. The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.

4.5 中英教育交流

Q:My question is about educational exchanges. You mentioned in your speech that there are large numbers of Chinese students studying in Britain. As we know, it is extremely difficult to get a scholarship at a British university. But the tuition fees for international students far exceed these for home students. So we can not help wondering about the motivation of British universities in enrolling Chinese students. Is it to promote educational exchanges with China and to liven up campus life in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose? Thank you.

A: 这实际上是出于多种考虑。我不否认有商业考虑,办大学也要花钱,不过教育交流是主要目的。奖学金难申请是因为钱要由政府出,有时候纳税人有意见,说政府应该把奖学金给本国学生而不是外国学生,所以很困难。

但是我们现在已经在扩大奖学金范围。事实上,过去几年,中国学生来英国留学人数大大增加了,这说明奖学金难归难,你们还是有办法来留

学的。

我想教育交流在未来会非常重要,我也希望,每一次外国学生来英国学习,回去时就像是一个英国的大使,到他的国家为我们宣传,不管是在中国、俄罗斯还是哪个国家。所以我们在扩大教育规模,吸收更多海外留学生。所以你们继续申请奖学金,我们会尽力帮助的。

Q:Mr. Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University.I was deeply impressed by your support for Sino-British educational exchanges, but I was also sorry to learn that some universities in northeastern Britain have decided to cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language, among them the University of Durham. Will this affect cultural and educational cooperation between our two countries? If so, what is your solution?

A: 讲到学校的课程,既然我听说了这件事,我打算回去看看究竟,不过大学做出这样的决定原因很多,也许是经济原因,或者是他们面临某种困难,这也是时有的事情。要把想做的事情办成,钱总是不够的。不过我也可以向你保证,我们会一如既往地欢迎中国学生来英国学习,就算杜伦大学没有合适的专业,其他大学也肯定有。

Lesson 5

5.3 温家宝总理在世界旅游组织第15届全体大会上的致词

Mr. Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization,

Ms. Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations,

All Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,

At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in the freshest air and clearest weather, the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.

Tourism is a nice and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and health care. Tourism has been developing with the times. Since the mid of the 20th century, modern tourism has been booming at a fast pace across the world. The number of tourists has been increasing, the scale of tourism industry has kept expanding, and the position of tourism in the economy has been rising. Increasingly, tourism serves as a channel for cultural exchanges, friendship development and varied

communication. It exerts more and more extensive influence on human life and social progress.

As a country with an ancient civilization and a long history, China is also a big oriental country full of modern vitality, blessed with a rich supply of unique and varied tourism attractions and resources. Besides the picturesque natural scenery, profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities/ethnic groups. Currently, 29 properties have been inscribed onto World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. With the reform and opening-up programs, China’s modern construction is surging ahead, and urban and rural areas are all experiencing daily changes. The ancient glory and modern boom combine most impressively to create favorable conditions for domestic and international tourism in China.

The fist 20 years of the 21st century is a strategic period for China to accomplish the all-round construction of a well-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization. It also provides a favorable time for its further development of tourism industry. We shall promote tourism as an important industry in China’s national economy, properly protect and utilize our tourism resources and try to achieve sustainable development. The Chinese government welcomes all international friends to visit China. We

shall do our best to protect their health and safety. Meanwhile, we will encourage more Chinese people to go abroad for visits. We are ready to develop extensive cooperation with other countries and contribute to global tourism growth.

For many years, the World Tourism Organization has made active and effective efforts to gain tourism prosperity and development around the world. It has become a specialized agency of the UN. Here we would like to offer our sincere congratulations. We believe this WTO General Assembly session will give a major push to tourism in the world for greater prosperity and new development.

Finally, I wish the 15th General Assembly Session of the World’s Tourism Organization every success. Thank you!

5.4 世界旅游组织简介

世界旅游组织是唯一接纳旅游经营者的政府间组织,它受联合国委托,在各国旅游业的宣传和发展工作中发挥核心作用。世界旅游组织成立于1975年,总部设在西班牙首都马德里。

世界旅游组织的宗旨是促进经济发展、国际了解、和平繁荣和对人权与人的基本自由的普遍尊重,并强调在贯彻这一宗旨时,要特别注意发展中国家在旅游事业方面的利益。

世界旅游组织的成员分为正式成员、联系成员和附属成员三类。正式成员是指所有的主权国家成员。联系成员指的是哪些不必负责外交事务的地区。这些成员需要经过为他们承担外交责任的政府的批准方可成为成员。

附属成员的范围十分广泛,包括直接从事旅游业或与旅游业有关的组

织和企业,如:航空公司以及其他运输公司、饭店、餐馆、旅游批发商和零售商、金融机构、保险公司、出版集团等。

到2003年,世界旅游组织有141个正式成员国、7个联系成员和350个附属成员,他们代表着私营部门、教育机构、旅游协会以及地方旅游管理机构。

5.5 现代化与文化遗产的保护

主:Welcome to our studio. My first question is: how many years have you been in China?

宾:三年多了。我是2002年5月底来的。

主:3 years. I bet you have witnessed a lot of changes in China. Could you tell us your deepest impression of urban development in China?

宾:我恐怕只能就我所在的城市谈谈经验,不过从周边城市的所见所闻,我也会有同样的看法。所有的外国人都非常清楚地看到,中国和中国的许多城市都在快速地发展。我想在东部沿海城市更是如此。到处矗立着崭新的高楼大厦,马路变得更加宽敞。

主:What do you think of all these tall buildings and the widened roads? Do you think that these are signs of modernization? Are all these changes good?

宾:这个问题提得好,但是我觉得这是个相当复杂的问题。

主:Why is it complicated?

宾:这个问题得从两个不同角度来谈。一方面是我作为一个外国人所期待的……我想看的,我感兴趣的和中国人想看的或者想让我看的肯定是不一样的。另一方面就是现代化与旧城文化保护相互冲突的问题。主:Then let’s see what are the differences between a foreigner’s expectations and what the Chinese would like to see.

宾:这个问题看来最好这么来谈,一般情况下,中国朋友带我们参观城市的时候,都是带我们去看现代建筑,比如机场、大桥、会展中心等等城市里最新的东西。但是外国人对老城区、小街小巷、古旧建筑更感兴趣,也就是那些使这个城市有别于我们所看过的其他城市的东西。一个外国人到过的其他地方可能比一般中国人多,所见过的机场和桥梁对他们来说没什么太大的不同,但是西安的庙宇他们就觉得有别于法国的教堂,更重要的是,中国城市的老房子更有别于英国城市里的老房子。

主:That is to say, foreigners are interested in the things unique in China, but there is a contradiction between modernization and preservation, as you mentioned just now from another perspective. The space of a city is limited; the old part of the city should be reconstructed, and in fact the new buildings are symbols of the prosperity of a city. Isn’t this a good thing?

宾:当然,繁荣与发展对你们来说是很重要的,对我们也是很重要(你们认为发展很重要,我也这么看)。问题是当一个国家发展的时候,人民的生活水平也随之提高,甚至可能提高很快。他们需要让别人看到这种变化的事实。你们似乎忽略了,对以前的事物需要加以保护,不止是保护那些庙宇或者宫殿,而且应该保护人们居住的房屋,保护老城区的原貌。文化遗产一旦遭到破坏,你们是无法挽回这种损失的。

主:You are quite right. People nowadays are starting to realize the importance of the preservation of heritage. Some local governments are making great effort to deal with the contradiction between development and preservation. Well, because of the limitation of the time, I’m afraid we have to stop now. Thank you ever so much for your coming to discuss this topic with us. We hope you’ll come again.

Lesson 6

6.4. 国际烟草控制公约

女士们,先生们:

首先,我要告诉大家一个好消息。一个以降低死亡与疾病主要原因为目的的公约刚刚生效。这个公约就是《烟草控制框架公约》,它是由世界卫生组织主持达成的第一个(具有法律效力的)国际公共卫生条约。

已经有160多个国家在公约上签字,签约国必须在各自国家批准该公约。迄今为止,已有近60个国家批准了该公约,** 然而只需40个国家批准即可生效。该公约在2005年2月27日生效。

各缔约国必须提高香烟和其他烟草制品的价格和税费,必须打击烟草制品的非法交易,必须采取措施减少公共场所被动吸烟等。

公约还禁止烟草广告以及烟草商进行其他营销活动,但是这样的限制不能违背相关国家的宪法规定。

公约号召烟草公司公布用以制造香烟的所有材料,此外,健康警告所包含的信息不能使公众误以为某些香烟的危害程度比其他香烟低。专家告诉我们,所有香烟都是不安全的。

缔约国还必须支持开展帮助人民戒烟的活动,应该开展告诫人们不要吸烟的教育活动。

世界卫生组织的研究表明,全球目前有烟民约10亿人,其中超过80%的烟民生活在发展中国家。经常吸烟的人有一半死于吸烟,每年世界上有近500万人因吸烟而死亡,专家指出,按照目前的增长速度,到2020年,这个数字将达到1,000万。

吸烟导致并增加患上各种疾病的危险,这些疾病包括癌症和心脏病。吸烟的孕妇可能伤害胎儿。最近研究提供了更多事实,证明孩子从小就吸入烟雾,长大后得肺癌的危险性增大。

《烟草控制框架公约》广受世界人民的欢迎,但是还需要制定补充性协议来增强其效力。比如,发展中国家贯彻公约需要资金的支持。对于那些没有贯彻执行的国家还没有处罚的条例,不过他们的表现记录将在联合国大会接受检查。

我的话完了,谢谢大家!

6.5 艾滋病的防治

A:王先生,早上好!非常感谢您抽时间接受我们的采访。请您介绍一下中国目前艾滋病传播情况。

B:Well, in China, HIV/AIDS has become a very serious problem related to social development. There’ve been cases of people being accidentally infected with HIV/AIDS, through accepting contaminated blood from hospitals, babies acquiring the disease from their mothers, having improper sexual relationships. From the time we discovered the first AIDS patient in 1985, our country has entered a period of rapid increase in AIDS infections. Experts estimate that more than 900,000 people had been infected with HIV by the end of last year. If we don’t take some efficient measures, this number will double by 2010.

A: 您认为增长这么快的主要原因在哪里?

B:First, because of poverty, people lack education and information about the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Second, ignorance. People do not pay much attention to this problem. Third, they lack proper resources, things like training, money and information. According to reports, we do not yet have an efficient medicine to cure HIV/AIDS.

A: 政府已经采取了哪些具体的措施来控制艾滋病在中国的蔓延

呢?有什么国际合作吗?

B:We have already got very strong support from the international community, especially on the technical side. And on the domestic front, we’ve recognized that making our people understand and raising their awareness is very important. So, common sense, health education and behavioral changes are the only way for people to avoid HIV infection.

A: 贵国政府在发布警报以及增强公众对艾滋病传播危险性的认识方面一直都在怎么做?特别是在农村地区?您认为要解决这个问题还应该进一步做些什么?

B: Firstly, I think the government should improve our monitoring system, and secondly, NGOs should try their best to mobilize all the resources we can use to help the people, especially people at the grass roots and the rural areas, to let them know the terrible results of the spreading of the disease and how to prevent HIV/AIDS. I think we should do more advocacy work among the people.

A: 非常感谢您回答我们这么多问题。预祝你们在与艾滋病的斗争中取得成功。

B:Thank you.

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第二章汉英句法、篇章对比

5.汉英句法对比 ?句子的概念 ?汉语句子强调语义,表示语义终止的标点符号根据句子语义和语气来确定,具有突出的“以意统形”的特点。 ?英语句子强调形式和语法结构:首词第一个字母大写,句末用句号、问号或叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。 ◆句子的类型 ?汉语句式: 按功能,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按结构,可分为单句与复句。 ?英语句式: 按功能,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 按结构,可分为简单句与复杂句(并列句和复合句) ?汉英句式异同 ?汉英都有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四大类。汉英陈述句基本相同,句尾都用降调。汉英疑问句都是用升调,句尾加问号,这是相同之处。 ?汉语疑问句分特指问、反复问、是非问、选择问和反问五种,而英语只有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意问句四种。 ?汉语的是非问句和英语的一般疑问句相当,但语序不同。汉语是非句是陈述句式,或在陈述句尾加“吗”、“吧”表示。英语一般疑问句的谓语动词“ to be”,“to have”和助动动词或情态动词都放在主语之前。如:Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗? 汉语的特指问句和英语的特殊疑问句相当,但词序却不尽相同。汉语特指问句的词序和陈述句相同,而英语的特殊疑问句则一定要把疑问词放在句首,其句式是“疑问词+ 一般疑问句”。如:What are you doing? 你在干什么? 汉语的选择问句和英语的选择问句相同,只是词序不同。汉语的选择问句仍然是陈述句的词序,英语则是一般疑问句的词序。如:你去看电影,还是去看戏? Are you going to cinema or to theatre? 对于英语反意疑问句的翻译则要把握原文意思,用最恰当汉语形式来表达。如:He is your teacher, isn't he? 译文(1) 他是你老师吧?(表示猜测) (2) 他是不是你老师?(表示怀疑) (3) 他是你的老师,对吗?(表示没把握) (4) 他是你的老师,不是吗?(表示肯定) 汉语的反复问句是用肯定否定相叠表示疑问的,英语中没有与它相当的形式。译成英语用一般疑问句即可。如:这本书是不是你的?Is this book yours? 汉语的反诘问句可用否定形式表示肯定意思,也可用肯定形式表示否定意思。可以用英语的反意问句或一般问句来翻译。如:她不是没进城吗?She has not gone to town, has she? 你不能走快点吗?Can't you walk a little faster? 汉语的祈使句和英语的祈使句通常都没有主语,句子都用降调,句末用句号,语气较强的用叹

杨士焯《英汉翻译教程(第2版)》笔记和课后习题详解(翻译写作篇)

第8章翻译写作篇 8.1 复习笔记 一、汉语的表达优势和行文特点 1. 精炼简约 汉语文章的这一特点,与汉语词汇的特点有关。 (1) 词本身没有形态变化,即它没有性、数、格、时态这些形式上的变化。如“你去”“我去”“今天去”“明天去”,都是一个“去”,词的语音和书写都没有发生变化。 (2) 语词具有一定的伸缩性。许多单音节和双音节的词一经重叠,即表示另外的意思,词性也可能发生变化。如“人——人人”“说——说说”“高兴——高高兴兴——高兴高兴”等。 (3) 许多双音节词还可以在特定的语境下节缩,并不影响原来意思的表达。如“无(执)照经营”“毫不利(自)己,专门利(他)人”“供(应)需(求)见面”等。 (4) 大量的成语、典故、俗语、谚语、格言等,以极少的文字包容了大量的信息。如“负荆请罪”“叶公好龙”等。 2. 富于意象 所谓意象,即感情与形象的有机结合。如“木欣欣以向荣,风飘飘而吹衣”能构成鲜明的意象美。汉字独特的形声构成,是汉语富于意象的重要因素。 3. 中文思维导致汉语文本独特的语言结构和形式要素。 中文思维有“象性原则”“并置原则”“对偶原则”“殿后原则”“铺排原则”“凝

练原则”和“协律原则”。 从翻译的角度看,直接对译文写作有影响的有: (1) 并置原则 汉语写作中常有“叠言”“叠句”“叠章”的语言形式。作者通过“并置”的语句,创造意象纷呈、语义丰满、语势张扬的叙述话语。如,“诚信是……;诚信是……”,不仅有声有色地强化了文意,同时还把文意展示为一个细腻、立体的意脉网络,见出才华和文采。 (2) 对偶原则 强调词性、词义的相反相成。在写作上,最典型的就是骈体文和近体诗的写作,它们都要求对仗,并形成了严格的规范。 这种对偶句式积淀在民族文化心理结构中,在写作中我们有了上句,往往下意识地就生带出下一句来。翻译到顺手处,译者自然也会写出这种句式。 (3) 凝练原则 中国人讲究“炼字”“炼句”“炼篇”和“炼意”,讲究“推敲”,林语堂认为,汉语的单音节性“造就了极为凝练的风格”。 (4) 声律原则 这一原则对诗和散文创作影响非常大。声律还包括节奏。“譬如仄声的字容易表示悲苦的情绪,响亮的声音容易显出欢乐的深情,长的句子表示温和弛缓,短的句子代表强硬急迫的态度”(梁实秋《论散文》)。 只要我们掌握了汉语的行文特征和神韵,我们就能在翻译过程中,自觉地在字里行间继承发扬这种文字传统,创造出灿烂的译文篇章。 二、翻译写作论

汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”(culture) 物质文化(material culture) 制度文化(institutional culture) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡(coffee)、 巧克力(chocolate)、 色拉(salad)、 三明治(sandwich)、 歇斯底里(hysteria)、 休克(shock)、 基因(gene)、 钙(calcium)、 维他命(vitamin)、 奥林匹克(Olympic)、 雷达(radar)、 先令(shilling)、 夹克(jacket)、 电视(television)、 激光(laser)、 飞机(aeroplane)、 火车(train)、 交响乐(symphony)、 基督徒(Christian)、 面包(bread)、 盲文(brail)、 圣诞老人(Santa Claus)、 圣经(Bible)、 马海毛(mahair)、 贝雷帽(beret)、 革命(revolution) 、营养(nourish)、 解放(liberate)、 民主(democracy)、 科学(science)、 独裁(dictatorship)、 心理学(psychology)、 形而上学(metaphysics)、 图书馆(library)、 想象(imagination)、 暗示(hint)、 投资(investment) 磁卡电话(card phone)、 立交桥(overpass)、 隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、

下拉菜单(pulldown)、 软驱(floppy drive)、 光驱(CD drive)、 鼠标(mouse)、 电脑(computer)、 内存条(RAM chip)、 复印机(xerox machine)、 安乐死(euthanasia)、 艾滋病(AIDS)、 香波(shampoo)、 连锁店(chain store)、 热狗(hot dog)、 自助餐(buffet)、 牛仔服(cowboy suit)、 T恤衫(T-shirt) 意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、 听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、 听天安命(accept the situation)、 听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism( 不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素 个体主义”。 整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、 分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

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