英语阅读课文句子翻译

英语阅读课文句子翻译(总6

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英语阅读（一）课文句子翻译

1. A Day’s Wait 一天的等待

1、He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still

in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move.

他走进我们房间关窗户的时候，我们还未起床。我见他一副病容，全身哆嗦，脸色苍白，步履缓慢，好象一动就会引起疼痛。

2、But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the

fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew had a fever.

可是当我来到楼下时，他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。这个九岁的男孩，看上去病得厉害，一副可怜的模样。我用手摸了摸他的额头，知道他发烧了。

3、“All right. If you want to,” said the boy. His face was

very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in

the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.

“好的，如果你想读的话，” 孩子说。他的脸色十分苍白，眼窝下方有黑晕。他躺在床上一动不动，对周围发生的一切漠然置之。

3. Bringing up Children培养孩子

1、 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in

his first years largely determine his character and later personality.

一个人儿童时代的经历在很大程度上决定了他的性格和未来的个性，这一点是被大家所公认的。

2、 All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped. An example of

this is the young child’s need to play with the mud and sand and water.

所有的父母必须解决孩子的自由与纪律的问题。孩子越小，母亲为了不令其感到失望，就越容易对孩子的要求作出让步。因为她知道，如果孩子的精力得不到发泄，那么他持续稳定的发展就会受到影响。小孩子喜欢玩泥巴，沙子和水就说明了这一点。

3、Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it.

如果儿童发展的某一个阶段被忽略了，或是没有得到充分的体验，那么他可能就要重返那个阶段以获得那个阶段所应获得的经验。

7 Art for Heart’s Sake为了心脏而艺术

1、 The problem was that while he was still a fabulously wealthy

man, he had recently begun to make big mistakes. He insisted on

buying companies at very high prices, only to watch them fail or go

bankrupt.

问题是：虽然他仍是一位拥有着令人难以置信财产的巨富，但近年来他已经在生意上开始频频出现大错了。他总是高价买入一些公司，结果眼看着他们经营不善或破产。

2、Ellsworth was in pretty good shape for a 76-year-old , but

his business failures were ruinous to his health. He had suffered his last. Heart attack after his disastrous purchase of a small railroad in Iowa.

对于一位七十六岁的老人来说，埃尔斯沃思先生的身体还很不错，但是生意场上的失败却在影响着他的健康。他上一次心脏病发作是在衣阿华州倒霉地买了一条铁路支线之后。

3、The health problem he suffered before that came about because of excitement over the failure of a chain of grocery stores, stores which he had purchases had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice to both his pocketbook and his health. They were beginning to have serious effects.

在此之前他的心脏病复发，是因为一家食品杂货连锁店的经营不善而使他情绪上受到了刺激，这家商店是他在通货膨胀时期购买的。最近他购买的公司、商店看来都得清理变卖，这时他的经济利益和身体健康都是一个巨大的损失，其后果十分严重。

4、He realized that he needed to interest the old man in something which would take his mind off his problem and redirect his energies. His answer was art.

因此，卡斯韦尔医生已经做了一些积极的考虑，认为应使埃尔斯沃思先生的大脑从生意的困境中解脱出来，把他的精力转移到其它地方。艺术便是最佳选择。

10 The Necklace 项链

1、She was one of those pretty and charming girls who are sometimes,as if by a mistake of destiny,born into a family of clerks.她就是那种既漂亮又迷人的女子，仿佛是命运的错误安排，出生在一个职员的家庭。

2、She dressed plainly because she could not dress well,but her unhappiness seemed to be deeper than one might expect.

她打扮不起，只得穿着一般，但是她感到非常不幸，好像这降低了她的身份似的。

3、She seemed to feel that she had fallen from her proper station

in life as a woman of wealth,beauty.grace,and charm.

在生活中她的位置应该是一个富有、美丽、体面和妩媚的女子，但她似乎感到跌进了苦海深渊。

4、she cared nothing for caste or rank but only for a natural fineness,an instinct for what is elegant,and a suppleness of wit.

她不在意等级或地位，她只在意自然的高雅气质，对高雅事物的天生感受以及犀利灵活的大脑。

5、these would have made her the equal of the greatest ladies of the land.If only she could attain them….

只有这些才能使她和最显赫的贵妇人并驾齐驱。只要她能得到这些。。。6、She suffered from the poverty of her dwelling,from the wretched look of the walls,from the worn-out chairs,from the ugliness of the curtains.

因此她不断地感到痛苦。由于自己房屋的寒碜，墙壁的粗糙，家具的破旧，衣料的庸俗，她忍受着痛苦的煎熬。

7、She had no dresses,no jewels,nothing.And she loved nothing but that;she felt made for that.She would have liked to be envied,to be charming,to be sought after.

她没有华丽的服装，没有珠宝首饰，什么都没有。然而她偏偏只喜欢这些，她觉得自己生来就是过这种日子的。她多么希望自己能够讨人喜欢，能够被人羡慕，能够具有诱惑力而被人追求。

12.THREE DAYS TO SEE 看见光明的三天

1、Only the deaf appreciate hearing ,only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight .particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.

只有聋子懂得听力的价值，只有瞎子才会对光明祈求不止，尤其对一个在成年期丧失了视力和听力的人，这种需求会更加强烈。

2、 it is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it. of not being conscious of health until we are ill.人们对于自己的东西往往不太珍惜，而当失去时，才懂得它的重要，生病了才知道保养身体，这已是老生常谈了。

3、but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.

然而，在光明的世界里，将视力的天赋只看作是为了方便，而不是看作是充实生活的手段，这是非常可惜的。

4、if with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again.how would you spend those three precious interventing days?

如果你知道，当第三天黑夜来临以后，太阳就再也不会从你面前升起，你将怎样度过这短暂、宝贵的三天呢？

5、court records reveal every day how inaccurately ‘eyewitnesses’ see.a given event will be ‘seen’ in several different ways by as many witnesses.

法庭的记录每天都表明“眼睛的见证”是多么不准确。

14.THE TIME MACHINE 时间机器

1、all things.he says,exist not ony in length,breadth,and thickness,but in time as well.Then only reason we cannot properly perceive the dimension of time is that we ourselves are moving in it.他说世界上万物不仅以长、宽、高的形式存在，而且以时间的方式存在，我们无法觉察到这种时间维度的唯一原因，是因为我们自身也在时间中运动着。

2、The travel was very uncomfortable,for the days and nights sped past in such rapid succession that his eyes hurt from the alternating light and dark.

旅行很不愉快，由于白昼和黑夜持续不停地飞逝而过，光明与黑暗的来回交替使他的眼睛感到疼痛。

3、In a world freed from the struggle for existence by better and more efficient manchnery,the people have become unambitious and unassertive.

在一个依靠精良和高效的机械而摆脱生存竞争的世界里，人们已经失去了某种野心和武断。

4、Because the Eloi are no longer struggling with nature,which has long since been entirely subdued,they have become reasonable and cooperative.Having achieved the apparent goal of civilization,they seem to be leading a happy if uneventful life.

埃洛伊人不再与大自然作斗争，因为大自然早已被征服。他们变得有理智、善合作。由于已经达到了文明的目的，他们好像是在过着一种幸福但却平凡的生活。

5、The world has been divided between the fragile, helpless Eloi, who inhabit the surface of the earth, and the fierce, obscene Morlocks ,who clamber about in the darkness of their underground tunnels ,like human spiders, emergng only at night.

世界分裂为居住在地球表面虚弱无助的埃洛伊人和那些在地下隧道的黑暗中到处爬行的莫洛克人，他们凶悍残暴，令人讨厌，样子像人形蜘蛛，只在晚间出现。

6、the eli,obviously the masters ,are descended from the

nineteenth-century ruling class in england.the molocks,descended from the working class, do all the physical labor ,but their brutality and savagery keep the Eloi in mortal terror of the day these servants will revolt.

很明显，埃洛伊人是19世纪英国统治阶级的主人演变而来的，而莫洛克人则是从体力劳动阶层的劳动者演变而来的，他们的残暴和野蛮使埃洛伊人终日恐慌不安，害怕这些奴仆会造反。

15.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County卡拉维拉斯县驰名的

跳蛙

1、 I fond Simon wheeler dozing comfortably by the barroom stove of the dilapidated tavern in the decayed mining camp of Angel’s, and I noticed that he was fat and baldheaded.

在衰败的矿区安吉尔小镇上那家快要倒塌的酒店里，我发现西蒙`维勒正在酒吧间火炉旁边舒舒服服打盹，我注意到他是个胖子，秃了顶。

2、 He never smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the gentle-flowing key which he started with, he never showed the slightest amount of enthusiasm.

他从来不笑，从来不皱眉，从来不改变声调，他的第一句话用的是细水长流的腔调，没有丝毫激情。

23. Inaugural Address 就职演讲

1、We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

今天，我们不敢忘记我们是第一次革命的继承者。让我们的朋友和敌人同样听见我此时此地的讲话：火炬已经传给新一代美国人。这一代人在本世纪诞生，经历过战争的考验，受过严酷而艰苦的和平的熏陶，他们为我国悠久的传统感到自豪---他们不愿目睹或听任我国一向保证的、今天仍在国内外作出保证的人权渐趋毁灭。

2、To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We

shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we

shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.

对那些我们欢迎其加入到自由行列中来的新国家，我们恪守我们的誓言：绝不让一种更为残酷的暴政来取代一种消失的殖民统治。我们并不总是指望他们会支持我们的观点。但我们始终希望看到他们坚强地维护自己的自由---而且要记住，在历史上，过去想骑在老虎背上攫取权力的人最终必葬身虎腹。

3、Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind Will you join in that historic effort

我们能否结成一个遍及东西南北的全球性伟大联盟来对付这些敌人，来确保全人类享有更为富裕的生活你们是否愿意参与这历史性的努力

4、In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.

I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.

在世界的悠久历史中，只有很少几个世代的人赋有这种在自由遭遇最大危机时保卫自由的任务。我绝不在这责任之前退缩；我欢迎它。我不想信我们中间会有人愿意跟别人及别的世代交换地位。我们在这场努力中所献出的精力、信念与虔诚，将照亮我们的国家以及所有为国家服务的人，而从这一火焰所聚出的光辉必能照明全世界。

5、And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do

for you; ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.

所以，同胞们：不要问你们的国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民：不要问美国愿意为你们做些什么，而应问我们在一

起能为人类的自由做些什么。

25. The Constitution of the United States美国的宪法

1、a system under which each of the states would look after its own affairs while a general government would attend to matters that the states could not deal with effectively. People would then be subject to two sets of laws, those of the nation and those of the states in which they lived. No other plan would win the support of

any state.

在此体系下，各州管理自己的事务，而合众政府则管理各州不能有效地处理的事务。那么人们就要遵守两套法律，国家的法律和本州的法律。

2、Powers not granted to the United States by the Constitution nor denied by it to the state are reserved to the states or to the people themselves.

宪法没有授予合众国的、也没有否认各州可享有的权利，则保留给了各州或人民自己。

3、Next, the Constitution provides for a federal government based on the principle of the separation of powers. It provides for three distinct departments of government: legislative, executive and judicial. All legislative power granted by the Constitution is given

to Congress; the executive power is given to the President; and the judicial power is given to the Supreme Court and other federal courts. The Constitution has many provisions intended to keep each department independent and strong. Each department has ways of exerting some control over the others.

其次，宪法规定联邦政府基于分权的原则。它规定政府分三个不同的部门：立法、行政和司法。宪法所准许的全部立法权授予国会，行政权授予总统，司

法权授予最高法院及其他联邦法院。宪法设立许多条款意使各部门保持独立和

强大。每个部门都可以对其他部门施加某种控制。

4、Congress has the power to levy taxes, maintain an army and navy, declare war, regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, admit new states into the Union, and to do many other things. The President’s powers include the making of treaties with foreign nations with the consent of the Senate. The Federal courts try all cases arising under the Constitution and under federal laws and treaties.

国会有权征税以维持一支陆军和海军，有权宣战，有权规范各州间以及与外国的商业行为，有权接纳新州加入联邦，并有权处理其他许多事务。总统的权

力包括经参议院同意与外国签订条约。联邦法院在宪法、联邦法制定的法律及有关条款的指导下审理出现的各种案件。

5、 The Constitution is the defender of the rights of the individual. It upholds the principles of freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech. It provides for a fair trial for persons accused of crimes, and forbids cruel and unusual punishments. It protects the home against unlawful search by authorities. It forbids any state to deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, or to deny to any person equal protection of the laws.

宪法是个人权力的时扞卫者。它坚持宗教自由、出版自由和言论自由的原则。它确保被指控犯罪者有一个公平的审判，禁止酷刑和特殊的惩罚。它保护家庭住宅免受当局不合法的搜查。它禁止任何州不经正当的法律程序就剥夺任何人的生命、自由和财产，或拒绝给任何人以同等的法律保护。

阅读教程翻译

Unit5 Beyond Babies不要孩子 在雅典市中心繁华的柯诺那基广场的时尚的初音岛咖啡店里，三十多岁或四十出头的希腊语专业人员沉浸在冰卡布奇诺咖啡里，过奢侈的生活。他们最喜欢谈论的话题是，当然，关系：男子不愿承诺，女性的独立，何时有孩子，或者说，逐渐是否有他们所有。“随着时间的推移，我有一个孩子的机会越来越小，37岁的行政助理美联社新闻社说。“但我不会只是因为要一个孩子而嫁给任何人。”她热爱她的工作，并从她那些紧密团结、志同道合的朋友那里得到她的社会支持，对于希腊年轻人来说，这些朋友渐渐充当了家人的角色。“如果在45岁，我仍然膝下无子，我会考虑要一个自己的孩子，”她说。但这并不意味着她个人成就取决于它。 在几十年前，Petropoulou和她的朋友们可能已经被认为是，嗯，奇怪的。希腊被称为欧洲最传统的社会，在那里东正教的对于结婚和繁衍的严格戒律当道。.强大的社会和宗教禁忌的标记是像不能怀孕的老处女一样的妇女无子，和对中年男子性偏好单一的怀疑。渐渐地，在一代人期间，由于诸多因素，包括女性接受更好的教育和就业选择以及希腊融入欧盟的主流文化，那种严格的社会限制基本上已经消失了。结果是：结婚率低于欧盟的平均水平，并在每名妇女生育平均为1.3，是世界上最低的生育率。这样的年轻希腊人，如果时间恰当拥有孩子是不错的。但他们肯定不是必不可少的。 在希腊，和世界上大部分地区，在激增的人口数下，有孩子们不再是一个想当然的事情。“在许多社会里从未有过无子女的女性和男性是合法的现象。”，研究在伦敦经济学院研究此现象的凯瑟琳哈基姆说。在像瑞士和新加坡、加拿大和韩国这类迥异国度中发生了急剧的社会变迁，年轻人把生育推迟到30好几，甚

研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译6

1 While some studies have suggested that frequent use of cell phones causes increased risk of brain and mouth cancers, others have found no such links. But since cell phones are relatively new and brain cancers grow slowly, many experts are now recommending taking steps to reduce exposure. by bruce stutz 一些研究显示，经常使用手机会增加得脑部和口腔癌症的几率。有的研究却没发现两者之间有什么联系。但是，手机算是个新兴事物，而脑癌发展也缓慢，许多专家还是建议减少使用手机。 2 Does your cell phone increase your risk of brain cancer? Does it affect your skin or your sperm viability? Is it safe for pregnant women or children? Should you keep it in your bag, on your belt, in your pants or shirt pocket? Should you use a hands-free headset? Are present cell phone safety standards strict enough? 手机会增加得脑癌的几率吗？会不会影响皮肤或者精子活性？使用手机对孕妇或孩子安全吗？应该把手机放在哪，包里、衣服口袋，还是挂在腰带上？打电话的时候要用耳机吗？现在的手机安全标准够不够严？ 3 You don’t know? You’re not alone. 你不知道？这很正常。 4 With some 4 to 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide and hundreds of studies seeking evidence of their health effects published in peer-reviewed journals over the last 10 years, there’s precious little scientific certainty over whether cell phones pose any danger to those using them. For nearly every study that reports an effect, another, just as carefully conducted, finds none. All of which leaves journalists, consumer advocates, regulatory agencies, politicians, industry spokespersons, and cell phone users able to choose and interpret the results they prefer, or ignore the ones they don’t. 如今，全世界共有40-50亿手机正在使用。过去十年里，成百上千的研究也在致力于寻找手机影响健康的证据，并在相关刊物上发表论文。但还没有确凿的证据能证明，使用手机损害健康。几乎没有研究发现手机对健康有不良影响。但这还是没影响到政治家、新闻记者、管理机构、产业发言人、消费者保护团体，还有消费者自己，选择他们喜好的结果去理解，忽略不喜欢的那些。 5 Do you, for instance, cite the studies that report adverse effects on sperm viability and motility, due to exposure to cell phone radiation or the studies that showed no —or mixed —results? 6 Do you cite the 2001 study that found increased incidence of uveal melanoma (a cancer of the eye) among frequent cell phone users, or the 2009 study by the same authors that, in reassessing their data, found no increase? 2001年的研究显示，常用手机的人患葡萄膜黑色素瘤（一种眼内癌症）几率会增大。2009年这些研究员又发表报告称，他们再分析当年的数据时，又不能确

新建科技英语阅读与翻译

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section2--1-4科技英语阅读与翻译教程文件

s e c t i o n2--1-4科技英语阅读与翻译

1 Monograph专著 1. The general definition of a monograph Scientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts on specialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist's appreciation of, these topics. 2. The value of monographs for scientific researches The value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge they contain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to the advancement of science and engineering generally. 3. The qualities of the authors of monographs The authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able to collect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of the scientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required. 4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedings Monographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogical works which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more junior readerships than specialized research communities. 5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedings Conference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries. Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life. 6. The main components of a monograph The author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index, illustrations, preface and introduction. 7. An indication of the book’s su ccess The number of editions is an indication of the book’s success. 8. The function of the blurb It gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains and for whom it is written. 2 Academic Journal学术期刊 1. The general definition of an academic journal An academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.

研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译8

Why We're Fat 1 So why is obesity happening? The obvious, clichéd-but-true answer is that we eat too much high-calorie food and don't burn it off with enough exercise. If only we had more willpower, the problem would go away. But it isn't that easy. 为什么会有肥胖症？一个明显、老生常谈但又真实的答案就是我们吃太多高热量食物并且没有进行足够的运动消耗它。要是我们的意志力更强大，这个问题便迎刃而解了。但是，问题并不是那么简单。 2 When warned about the dangers of overeating, we get briefly spooked and try to do better. Then we're offered a plateful of pancakes smothered in maple syrup, our appetite overpowers our reason, and before we know it, we're at it again. Just why is appetite such a powerful driver of behavior, and, more important, how can we tame it? 当我们被警告说吃得太多的时候，一时总会被吓倒并努力做好一些。然后一碟涂满槭糖浆的煎饼摆在面前，我们的食欲战胜了我们的理智，等到我们意识到它的时候，我们又重蹈覆辙了。到底为什么食欲具有如此强大的推动力？更重要的是，我们怎么才能够控制它？ 3 Within the past few years, science has linked our ravenous appetites to genes and hormones. Among the hormones that fuel these urges are ghrelin and leptin, known as the "hunger hormones." Ghrelin is produced mostly by cells in the stomach lining. Its job is to make you feel hungry by affecting the hypothalamus, which governs metabolism. Ghrelin levels rise in dieters who lose weight and then try to keep it off. It's almost as if their bodies are trying to regain the lost fat. This is one reason why it's hard to lose weight and maintain the loss. 近几年来，科学将我们迫不及待要吃的食欲跟基因和激素联系起来。激起这些强烈的欲望的激素有胃促生长素和消瘦素，也被称作“饥饿激素”。胃促生长素主要由胃保护层的细胞产生。它的职责是影响控制新陈代谢的下丘脑，让你感到饥饿。当节食者减肥并且努力维持减肥效果，他的胃促生长素水平就会升高。就像他们的身体要试图恢复失去的脂肪。这是为什么很难减肥并维持减肥效果的原因之一。 4 Leptin turns your appetite off and is made by fat cells. Low leptin levels increase your appetite and signal your body to store more fat. High leptin levels relay the opposite signal. Many obese people have developed a resistance to the appetite-suppressing effects of leptin and never feel satisfied, no matter how much they eat. Basically, your body uses these hormones to help you stay at your weight and keep you from losing fat —which is another reason why dieting can be so difficult. 消瘦素消除你的食欲，它来自脂肪细胞。低消瘦素水平增加你的食欲并通知你的身体储存更多的脂肪。高消瘦素水平传递相反的信号。很多肥胖的人已经形成了一种对消瘦素抑制食欲效应的抵抗，不管他们吃多少也从不感到满足。从根本上说，你的身体利用这些激素帮助你保持现在的体重，不让你的脂肪流走——这是节食如此之难的另外一个原因。

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第一单元环境 大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。 由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统已经遭到破坏，其中包括干净的水源、纯净的空气，以及稳定的气候。 以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶急剧恶化。 这项历史性的研究由来自世界95个国家的政府部门以及民间组织的1,300多位科学家共同完成。四年来，他们考察了地球上许多生物的生长环境、物种以及将他们联系起来的生态体系。联合国环境规划署对该报告进行了编辑整理并于昨天在中国北京公布了研究结果。 在公布该报告的新闻发布会上，联合国秘书长科菲·安南指出：“只有了解环境及其运作过程，我们才能制定出必要的决策加以保护。”他还说，“只有珍惜所有宝贵的自然资源和人类资源，我们才有希望去建设一个可持续发展的未来。” 对社会经济的影响 该报告对自然界的大部分生物多样性持悲观态度，地球上可能有10%—30%的哺乳动物，鸟类以及两栖动物濒临灭绝。 这次大规模生态调查是根据安南的《千年发展目标》展开的，该发展目标是由联合国发起的，旨在2015年之前大幅度缓解饥饿与极度贫困等社会经济问题。 总部位于内罗毕的联合国环境规划署执行主席克劳斯·托普弗说：“从某些方面来说，《千年生态系统评估综合报告》让我们首次认识到生态系统服务功能的经济价值，并使我们对尊重和保护地球生命维护系统有了新的见解。” 目前由于人类社会对地球环境的开发利用，食物供应不断增加，然而增长的速度仍然太慢，难以完成联合国制定的在2015年前消除全球一半饥饿的目标。 报告还说，过度使用生态系统的负面影响还包括渔业的衰退，含有大量沉积物的河口周围近海“死亡区”的出现，水质的变化以及不可预测的区域性气候等。 此外，森林的滥伐和其他生态系统的巨大改变也加剧了诸如疟疾、霍乱等疾病的传播，并使已有传染病分化出新的类别。 根据该报告，水资源体系的变化会增加毁灭性洪灾的爆发频率和程度。在20世纪90年代，洪灾造成的死亡人数超过10万，损失约2,430亿美元。

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科技英语阅读翻译介绍 关于科技英语阅读翻译介绍 罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。假设其中一个理发师符合上述的 条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发。但是 在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。（如果这样的话，这个理发师 必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发） 1901年，伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家 同事。在19世纪后期，弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能 使用符号逻辑。他确立了形式表达式（如：x=2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系。按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特 性去定义更多更深远的特性。 1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的.罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗 雷格这种集合系统的局限性。就现在而言，这种类型的集合系统能 很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。例如，我们可以用x代表整数， 通过n来表示并且n大于3小于7，来表示4，5,6这样一个集合。 这种集合的书写形势就是：x={n：n是整数，3

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Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。

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核电与核辐射 1986 年4 月26 日，切尔诺贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸，将相当于400 颗广岛原子弹的放射性尘降物散布到整个北半球。在此之前，科学家对辐射对植物和野生动物的影响 几乎一无所知。这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室，尤其是在这个被称为禁区的1100 平方英里的区域。 1994 年，德州理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切瑟和罗伯特·贝克是首批获准完全进入该区域的美国科学家之一。“我们抓了一群田鼠，它们看起来和野草一样健康。我们对此非 常着迷。”贝克回忆说。当Baker 和Chesser 对田鼠的DNA 进行测序时，他们没有发现 异常的突变率。他们还注意到狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在这片区域游荡，仿佛这里 是原子野生动物保护区。2003 年由一组联合国机构建立的切尔诺贝利论坛发表了声明一份关于灾难20 周年的报告证实了这一观点，称“环境条件对该地区的生物群落产生了积极 影响”，将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。 五年前，贝克和切塞尔在这片区域搜寻田鼠。Mousseau 到切尔诺贝利去数鸟，发现了与之相矛盾的证据。穆萨乌是南卡罗莱纳大学的生物学教授，他的合作者安德斯·佩普·穆 勒现在是巴黎南方大学生态、系统学和进化实验室的研究主任。他们发现该地区家燕的数 量要少得多，而那些存活下来的家燕则遭受着寿命缩短、(雄性)生育能力下降、大脑变小、肿瘤、部分白化病(一种基因突变)以及白内障发病率更高的痛苦。在过去13 年发表的60 多篇论文中，Mousseau 和Moller 指出，暴露在低水平辐射下对该区域的整个生物圈产生 了负面影响，从微生物到哺乳动物，从昆虫到鸟类。 包括贝克在内的批评人士对穆萨和穆勒持批评态度。贝克在2006 年与切塞尔合著的《美国科学家》(American Scientist)文章中指出，该区域“实际上已成为一个保护区”，穆萨和穆勒的“令人难以置信的结论只得到了间接证据的支持”。 我们所知道的关于电离辐射对健康影响的几乎所有信息都来自于一项正在进行的对原子弹幸存者的研究，该研究被称为寿命研究，简称LSS。辐射暴露的安全标准基于LSS。然而，LSS 留下了关于低剂量辐射影响的大问题没有得到解答。大多数科学家都同意，没有所谓 的“安全”辐射剂量，无论剂量有多小。小剂量是我们最不了解的。LSS 并没有告诉我们多 少低于100 毫西弗(mSv)的剂量。例如，引起基因突变需要多少辐射，这些突变是可遗传 的吗?辐射诱发的疾病(如癌症)的机制和遗传生物标记物是什么? 三重危机2011年 3月福岛第一核电站创建另一个生活摩梭实验室和穆勒可以研究低 剂量的辐射,复制他们的切尔诺贝利核事故研究和允许他们“更高的信心,影响我们看到有关辐射,而不是其他因素,“摩梭说。福岛310平方英里的隔离区比切尔诺贝利小，但在其他方面 是一样的。这两个区域都包括被遗弃的农田、森林和城市地区，在这些地区，辐射水平在 短距离内变化数量级。而且几乎可以肯定，他们进入福岛的速度比科学家进入苏联控制的 切尔诺贝利的速度还要快。简而言之，福岛事件提供了一个解决争议的机会。 福岛核事故发生后的几个月里，穆萨乌和莫勒就开始在这座正在冒烟的核电站以西受污染的山林里清点鸟类数量，但他们无法进入这个区域，亲眼看看家燕的情况。最后，在2013 年6 月，穆萨乌是首批获准完全进入福岛禁区的科学家之一。 对辐射的敏感度在生物和同一物种的个体之间有很大的差异，这是重要的原因之一，不要从蝴蝶推断到家燕或从田鼠推断到人类。蝴蝶对辐射特别敏感，Mousseau 说。2012年8 月，在线期刊《科学报告》(Scientific Report)发表了一篇论文，研究福岛核泄漏对淡草蓝 蝶的影响。冲绳县琉球大学的生物学教授大木若二(Joji Otaki)透露，在这种不雅行为发生两个月后，在福岛附近采集的蝴蝶出现了翅膀、腿和眼睛畸形的情况。Mousseau 和Moller 对切尔诺贝利和福岛昆虫的调查显示，蝴蝶作为一个群体数量急剧下降。但御宅族

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Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has

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Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.