《科技英语阅读》课后名词解释和翻译

Unit1 mathematics

名词解释

绝对补集absolute complement / 代数algebra /代数式algebraic expression / 代数方程algebraic equation / 代数不等式algebraic inequality / 任意常数arbitrary constant / 数组array / 底数；基数base number / 连续函数continuous function / 函数function / 复合函数function of function / 函数记号functional notation / 集合aggregate / 子集subset /迭代函数iterative function/优先权之争priority battle/分形特征fractal properties/有意义make sense/以越来越小的规模重复同一模式patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales/混沌理论chaos theory/季刊a quarterly journal/数学界the mathematics community/波纹线crisp lines/会议公报proceedings of a conference

翻译

3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1)他主要是因为用分形这个概念来描述（海岸线、雪花、山脉和树木）等不规则形状等现

象而闻名于世，这些不规则形状在越来越小的规模上不断重复同一模式。

2)如果再仔细观察，就可以发现集的边界并没有呈波纹线，而是像火焰一样闪光。

3)但是，克朗兹在这场辩论中引入了一个新东西，他说曼德布洛特集不是曼德布洛特集发

明的，而是早在“曼德布洛特集”这个术语出现几年以前就已经明确地在数学文献中出现了。

4)曼德布洛特同时也暗示即使布鲁克斯和马特尔斯基的论文先于他发表，但因为他们没有

领会到其价值，仍然不能将他们看作是曼德布洛特集的发现者。

5)对胡巴德和杜阿迪指责他对论文中材料来源的说明上做得非常少，曼德布洛特回应说也

有人也指责过他过分引用别人的成果。

4. Translate the sentences into English.

1)Like the geometry that he made famous, both his life and the course of his work was

neither linear nor simplistic in shape and form

2)Mandelbrot says he spent the next two years groping, exploring first one field and then

another, without any clear sense of the connecting thread.

3)Stranger still, he found that the ratio of periods of noise to periods of clean transmission

remained constant, regardless of the scale of time used to plot the phenomenon.

4)Using records dating back to 1900, he began to perceive an astonishing pattern – one that

hearkened back to his work on line noise a decade earlier.

5)Although price changes were erratic in terms of normal distribution and no one could

predict the exact amount of any particular price change, the changes themselves followed

a symmetrical pattern with regards to scaling

Unit2 physics

名词解释

运动movement /力force /动能和功kinetic energy and work /势能potential energy/ 能量守恒conservation of energy /引力gravitation /声波sound wave /振动oscillation / 流体fluid / 波wave/ 温度temperature /热量heat /电荷electric charge /电场electric field/电势electric potential /电容capacitance /电流current /电阻resistance/电路circuit /感应induction 、电感inductance /干涉interference /衍射diffraction /相对论relativity /光子photon /物质波matter wave/核物理nuclear physics/核能energy from the nucleus/夸克quarks/轻子leptons/ 大爆炸the Big Bang 处理量子信息manipulate quantum information/超导电路superconducting circuit /电荷或通量charge or flux/文字处理word processing/虚拟实验室virtual laboratory/组织制度constituent system/空间分离spatial separation/没有明显的限制with no apparent limit/有待观察remain to be seen/……正在进行中… be under way

翻译

3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1) It can remove the effects of physically reasonable computational errors and decoherence

processes, provided that enough of the requirements for building a quantum computer can be met.

如果能够充分满足制造量子计算机所需的条件，量子纠错就能消除物理上合理的计算误差及退相干过程所带来的影响。

2) Although this limit is case-dependent, there is nevertheless a consensus that, for practical

scalability, the probability of error introduced by the application of a quantum gate must be less than 0.0001.

虽然这个极限视具体情况而定，但大家达成一个共识：为了实现可扩展性要求，一个量子门运用中所产生的错误率必须小于0.0001。

3) Bearing such requirements in mind, one-qubit registers have been demonstrated, and

two-qubit registers are close at hand.

满足这些要求的一个量子位的储存器已经面世了，两个量子位的储存器也快了。

4) Many experiments have been performed involving nuclear magnetic resonance (qubits

associated with nuclear spins in molecules) and optics (qubits carried by photons).

已经进行了大量实验，包括核磁共振系统（量子位与分子中核自旋相关）和光学系统（用光子实现量子位）。

5) Ideally, all computation would be based on elementary devices whose quantum features

could be exploited with few additional resources over those needed to make them compute classically.

理想情况下，所有的（量子）计算应基于一些基本元件，利用这些元件的量子特性所需的额外资源远少于用它们进行经典计算时所需。

4. Translate the sentences into English.

1) 可以说如果没有量子纠缠现象,，就不会有今天所说的量子信息。

We can dare to say, if there were not quantum entanglement phenomena, there would be no quantum information of today.

2) 量子计算机是一种计算装置，直接利用量子力学现象，如叠加和纠缠对数据进行操作。

A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum

mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.

3) 1994年，彼得·肖设计了一种量子算法：用6个量子比特来进行一些基本的因式分解。

In1994, Peter Shor devised an quantum algorithm that could use only 6 qubits to perform some basic factorizations.

4) 大致想法是将一条消息拆分成几个单元的二进制数据─0与1的字串。

The general idea is to break up a message into blocks of binary data —strings of “0”s and “1”s.

5) 该论文详细讨论了量子逻辑门的基本构造。

Unit5 materials

名词解释

材料material / 物质matter / 原子atom /分子molecule / 离子ion / 纳米nanometer / 纳米技术nanotechnology / 纳米管nanotube / 绝缘体insulator / 聚合体polymer / 陶瓷ceramics / 硅silica /合金metallic alloy / 铸铁cast iron / 工具钢tool steel / 人造革artificial lether / 生物材料biomaterial / 原材料raw material / 复合材料composite material /磁性材料magnetic material /半导体semiconductor / 结晶体crystal / 非晶质的amorphous / 微观结构microstructure / 宏观的macroscopic / 材料性质material property / 跨学科的interdisciplinary / 石器时代Stone Age / 青铜时代Bronze Age / 铁器时代Steel Age / 冶金学metallurgy / 薄膜沉淀thin-film deposition / x光衍射X-ray diffraction/光子器件photonic devices/可再生资源renewable resources/遗传密码genetic code/科学界scientific community/碱基对base pair/在…影响下under the influence of/近红外区near-infrared regions/极化效果poling efficiency/数量级orders of magnitude/纯DNA器件‘all-DNA’ devices

翻译

3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1) An excellent case in point is the organic LED (OLED), which is at the heart of the display

technology now breaking into the consumer electronics market and replacing the small LCDs mostly found in music players, cameras and mobile phones.

这方面很好的一个例子就是有机发光二极管的发展。作为显示技术的核心部分，有机发光二极管现在正进入消费类电子产品市场并取代音乐播放器、照相机、手机通常使用的小型发光二极管。

2) Synthesizing or manipulating DNA molecules by physical and chemical means can lead to a

variety of structures at the nanometre scale.

通过物理和化学方法合成或改变DNA分子能够产生许多种不同的纳米结构。

3) The wet category contains primarily the devices, where the DNA molecules are present in

either an aqueous or organic-solvent liquid and are transported in a fluid under the influence of electric fields or fluid flow.

湿法DNA光子器件中，DNA分子在水或者有机溶剂中，并受到电场或者流体的影响在溶剂中流动。

4) The properties of DNA–CTMA films can be controlled by adjusting the DNA molecular

weight and the concentration of the reagents where the DNA molecular is put in.

DNA－CTMA薄膜的特性可以通过调节DNA分子的重量和DNA分子所在的溶液浓度进行改变。

5) Incorporating DNA into OLEDs as an electron-blocking layer (EBL) has been reported to

result in BioLEDs that are as much as ten times more efficient and thirty times brighter than their OLED counterparts.

据报道，把DNA作为电子阻障层植入有机发光二极管可以产生比有机发光二级管高效十倍，亮三十倍的生物发光二极管。

4. Translate the sentences into English.

1) 一般而言,植物和动物产品是可以生物降解的,而金属、玻璃、塑料等矿物则不可以。

Generally speaking, plant and animal products are biodegradable, whereas mineral substances such as metals, glass, plastics are not."

2) 有机发光二极管（OLED）技术采用有机材料来提供范围比普通LED技术更丰富的色彩。

OLED technology uses organic materials to provide a broader range of colors that is available to common LED technology.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/697755465.html,/search.php?q=organic+materials

3) 合成材料因其非凡的特性在日常生活中无处不在并发挥着重要作用。

Because of the extraordinary properties of polymeric materials, they play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life.

4) 自1960年至今，器件速度已改善了两个数量级。

The device speed has improved by two orders of magnitude since 1960.

5) 人们发现每个DNA分子都是二重螺旋线形状

Unit6 Mechanics and Automotives

名词解释

机械工程mechanical engineering 机电一体化Mechatronics 生物工程biotechnology 纳米技术nanotechnology 信息技术information technology 计算机辅助设计computational aided design 太阳能电池solar cells 汽车工程automotive engineering 机械学mechanics 后勤学logistics 计算流体动力学computational fluid dynamics 无线电通讯自我驱动的/self propelled 人口密度population density 奢侈品luxury item 批量生产mass-production装配线assembly line 最大效率maximum efficiency 合并incorporation 由…组成be composed of 由…构成consisted of 普通大众the great multitude

翻译

3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1) The way to make automobiles, is to make one automobile just like another automobile.

生产汽车就是让汽车标准化。

2) The modern automobile is not a single vehicle; it is a collection of millions of cars designed

for utilization by a mass market.

现代汽车产业不是简单的交通工具，而是批量市场上的百万汽车的总和。

3) Engineers design the components, machinists manufacture the components, assemblers

assemble the components into complete systems, truck drivers deliver the assembled product, and salesmen sell the product to the masses.

工程师设计部件，机械师生产部件，装配师把部件装配成系统，卡车司机运送产品，最后是分销商批量出卖。

4) To me, all the mechanical developments of the century are not very important as compared

with the knowledge we are gaining of how to use everything in the public interest while preserving the full advantages of individual initiative.

对我来说，本世纪最重要的机械方面的进步莫过于，我们开始认识到如何同时发挥集体力量和个人的主观能动性。

5) Ford reduced assembly to a series of simple steps which allowed him to tap into the large

pool of American unskilled and semiskilled workers.

福特使生产变成了简单的程序，这使他能够利用美国的非熟练/半熟练工人。

4. Translate the sentences into English.

1) “福特制”的精髓在于标准化的生产。

The essence of “Fordism” lies in the standardized process of productivity.

2) 福特预见到了一种连续性的流水式生产模式。

Ford envisioned a continuous flow of production process.

3) 他不是第一个需要处理这种难题的人。

He was not the first person to tackle this problem.

4) 将众多生产厂家、公司整合进入一个生产链在当时不是一件容易的事情。

It was not easy then that so many companies and people could be incorporated into the chain of production.

5) 很多人指责“福特制”使能干的人退化成了每天重复机械工作的机器人。

Many people have criticized “Fordism” for reducing competent human beings to a sort of robot performing the same task hundreds of times each day.

Unit8 Space Expl oration

名词解释

载人飞船manned spaceship/ spacecraft 航天飞机space shuttle 太空舱capsule 通信卫星communication satellite 运载火箭carrier rocket; rocket launcher 国际空间站International Space Station 太空服space outfits (space suits）着陆区landing area人造卫星artificial satellite同步轨道卫星geosynchronous satellite 发射台launch pad登月舱lunar module 中国空间技术研究院CAST (the Chinese Academy ofSpace Technology) 中国航天局CNSA（China National Space Administration）美国航空航天管理局NASA (The National Aeronautics and暴雨成灾flash flooding太阳系以外的星球extrasolar planets太阳系solar system诱因incentive就目前来说in the short term必不可少的indispensable有效载荷payload航行navigate

翻译

3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1) A robot is something that senses the world, does some sort of computation, and decides to

take an action outside of its physical extremity.

机器人是一种东西，超出其物理极限，它感知世界，进行某种运算，决定采取行动。

2) It’s also critical to understand the intelligence of these things —it’s not just intelligence in

general but an intelligence situated in a particular world.

理解那些事物的智力也是非常关键的—不是一般意义的“智力”，而是置于特殊特点

环境下的“智力”。

3) As we develop robots that can actually interact with humans and survive in these less

controlled environments, we will find them to be an indispensable tool.

当我们发展研究能够真正与人互动并在更少控制下的环境中生存的机器人时，我们发现他们已经是一种不可或缺的工具。

4) We designed farming machines that harvest hay using machine vision systems, GPS

guidance, and other sensing devices.

我们设计农业机器，通过机器视觉系统、全球定位系统辅助和其他传感器收割干草。

5) It may not be too long, however, before automatic systems are better at making judgments

than humans are.

然而，可能在不久之后，自动系统会比人类更加善于做出判断。

4. Translate the sentences into English.

1) 随着社会的发展需要，机器人已经渗透了我们的生活、工作和经济方面，并且起到了

很大的作用。

With the need of the developing society, robots have permeated into every aspect of our life, work and economics, and are playing an important role.

2) 张平博士在报告中向同学们介绍了将来机器人发展对社会发展的重要性，以及他对机

器人教育现状的一些调查和理解看法。

In his(her) speech, Dr. Zhang Ping introduced the significance of robots to the development of human society and his (her) own understanding and views of the robots education in colleges now.

3) 如果您想见证人类历史上最令人惊叹（awe-inspiring）的时刻，那么请把时光机器调到

1945年7月16日5点29分，在美国新墨西哥州阿拉默多尔（Alamogordo）。

If you want to see one of the most awe-inspiring events in human history, then you need to set your time machine for 5:29 AM, July 16th 1945 at Alamogordo, New Mexico.

4) 让我们承认吧，您小的时候自第一次看过《星球大战》以来，一定想象光速那样穿越

时空。您也许还特别希望秋巴卡（Chewbacca）能坐您旁边，但是让我们正经点。现在如果一些“打破物理常规”之类的想法困扰了您，别忘了您有一部神奇的时光机器。

Let’s face it, ever since you were a kid and you saw Star Wars for the first time, you wanted to fly through space at light speed. You especially wanted to do it with Chewbacca at your side but we’re trying to be realistic here. Now if the whole “breaking the laws of physics”

thing bothers you, well, you’re in a freaking time machine.

5) 人类学家(Anthropologist)指出，如果没有啤酒的出现，人类可能不会联合在一起，我

们过去不会想到在农场上安定下来。

Anthropologists suggest that without the advent of beer, man may never have banded together and settled down on farms like we did.

Unit9 Urban Planning

城市化Urbanisation /逆城市化Counter Urbanization /再城市化/城乡一体化Urban-Rural Integrated/集中型城市化Centralized Urbanization /分散型城市化Dispersed urbanization / 旧地型城市化/城市群/城市地理学/城市化研究/城市分类研究/城市体系研究/城市形态研究/城市规划/城市生态/城市生态学/城市绿化/景观绿化/生态绿化城市现代化指标/城乡一体化指标/人口流动/大城市病高密度混合用途fine-grained mixed use

城市代谢urban metabolism减缓气候变化climate mitigation新都市主义New Urbanism精明增长Smart Growth多用途环境mixed use environments紧凑型城市compact city城市发展边界Urban Growth Boundary (UGB)城市基础设施urban infrastructure解决这一问题address the issue

翻译

3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1) This has important implications for the work of urban planning: steering settlement away

from flood-prone coastal and riverine areas and those subject to mud-slides; protecting forest, agricultural and wilderness areas and promoting new ones; and developing and enforcing local climate protection measures.

这对于城市规划工作具有重要意义：引导居民定居点远离洪水易发的沿海和沿江区域，以及那些容易遭受泥石流的地方；保护森林，农业和荒野地区，并增加新的保护地区;

以及制定和实施当地的气候保护措施。

2) The global use of oil as an energy source has both promoted and permitted urbanisation,

and its easy availability has allowed the emergence of low density and sprawling urban forms—suburbia—dependent on vehicle transport.

作为能源在全球范围使用的石油同时促进和允许了城市化的发展，其获取的容易性使低密度城市和不断扩张的城市形式即依赖于车辆运输的城郊发展成为可能。

3) While the planning objectives of this approach are sound, there is a danger that in practice

they can become elite enclaves which exclude a mix of incomes and cultures.

虽然这种做法的规划目标是健全的，但也存在一种危险，即在实践中，它们可能成为精英“飞地”而排斥其它收入人群和文化。

4) International agreements and targets have proved to be major drivers of local action, but

increasingly local initiatives are a source of innovation, with shifts to governance regimes reflecting a role for groupings beyond the state.

国际协议和目标已证明是地方行动的主要动力，但是越来越多的地方举措正成为创新的源泉，管理制度的转变反映了国家以外的组织的角色。

5) However, many of the ideas about environmentally sustainable urban forms from the

post-1980s period (“compact city” ideas and new urbanism) do fit with the climat e change agenda, and there is agreement that changing urban form in these directions can be a

major factor in promoting climate mitigation.

然而，许多20世纪80年代后期的关于环境可持续发展的城市形式理念（紧凑型城市理念和新都市主义）确实适应了气候变化议程，且人们普遍认为在这些方向上改变城市形式将成为促进气候缓和的主要因素。

4. Translate the sentences into English.

1) 在城市规划区内改变土地用途的，在报批前，应当先经有关城市规划行政主管部门同

意。

In changing the purpose of land within the urban planned areas, the consent should be obtained from the related urban planning administrative departments before submission for approval.

2) 政府采用的房屋需求预测模式，需应政府政策的转变和最新的人口推算数字作出调整，

以便进行土地规划。

For land planning purposes, the Government has devised a housing demand model which responds to changes in government policies and population forecasts.

3) 第七条城市总体规划应当和国土规划、区域规划、江河流域规划、土地利用总体规划

相协调。

Article 7 The comprehensive plan for a city shall be coordinated with territorial planning, regional planning, water space planning and comprehensive planning for the use of land.

4) 不断城市化很可能会使空气质量和水质恶化。

Continuing urbanisation would be likely to aggravate air and water quality.

5) 赛后这些建筑将成为会展中心和文化设施，如首都青少年宫、城市规划展览馆等。After the Games, these buildings will be turned into convention and exhibition centers and cultural facilities, such as Capital Youth Palace and Urban Planning Exhibition Hall, etc.

科技英语综合教程课后答案句子翻译整理_刘爱军

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第一单元 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间 那场争执就此结束。 Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word. 2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气 感到有点意外。 The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American. 3. 约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。 Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone. 4. 当全部乘客都向出口处(exit) 走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。 While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane. 5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。 The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself. 6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。 While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth. 7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他 What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home 8. 猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay) 的陷阱(trap) 方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。 The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid 第二单元 1) 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution. 2) 这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。 By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work. 3) 他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。 It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight. 4) 委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location) 这一问题上持有不同意见。 The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport. 5) 亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。 Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's. 6) 我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。 The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment. 7) 吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.

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Unit2 这种纳米装置可以设计用来靶向并进入肿瘤细胞。一旦进入,它们就可以携带提高癌症检测的制剂及癌症治疗的药物戒基因等许多有效载荷。 调整颗粒的大小就形成了探针,当光束照射探针时,它就会放射出大量清晰可见的能量,戒者是不同颜色的光。 研究人员接着将靶向药物树枝状聚合物通过静脉注射到移植了人类上皮细胞的小鼠身上。 由于肌肉在这个波长内具有透光性,将纳米管靶向癌细胞并用近红外线激光照射,就能将纳米管变成用高温杀死癌细胞的武器。 正常情冴下,如果一个健康的细胞发生了许多突变而不能继续正常生长,p53基因就会诱发细胞自杀。然而,假如这个基因停止作用,细胞就会持续生长,最终可能变为恶性肿瘤细胞。 Unit3 胚胎干细胞的极强的适应性以及生长能力使它们能够产生大量的治疗细胞去治疗像糖尿病及脊髓损伤一类的疾病。

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