英语语言学期末考试试卷考卷及答案 副本
英语语言学期末考试试卷
第一部分选择题
I.D irections: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices
best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%)
1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________.
A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view
B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view
C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view
D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view
2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication.
A. unnatural
B. artificial
C. superficial
D. arbitrary
3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________.
A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted
B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue
C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
D. and the details are acquired by instinct
4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic
features.
A. phone
B. allophone
C. phoneme
D. sound
5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme.
A. derivational
B. inflectional
C. free
D. word-forming
6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
A. obligatory
B. optional
C. selectional
D. arbitrary
7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________.
A. Grice
B. Plato
C. Saussure
D. Ogden and Richards
8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called _______, which is the abstraction
of the meaning of a sentence.
A. utterance
B. reference
C. predication
D. morpheme
10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention;
it is the act performed in saying something.
A. a perlocutionary act
B. a locutionary act
C. a constative act
D. an illocutionary act
第二部分非选择题
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter
of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed
to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how
the human mind works when people use language.
12. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.
13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level,
there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d___________.
14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal
cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.
15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain
is called l_____________.
16. S_____________ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of
meaning.
17. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite
length, due to their r_________ properties.
18. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound
or spelling, or in both.
19. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related
languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.
20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated
for any given study is called the speech c___________.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)
( ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.
( ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.
( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.
( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.
( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. ( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.
( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”
( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.
( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.
( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%×10=30%)
31. parole:
32. broad transcription:
33. allophones:
34. phrase structure rules:
35. context
36. Historical Linguistics:
37. standard language:
38. linguistic taboo:
39. acculturation:
40. care-taker speech:
V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language
acquisition and give your examples.
42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods
in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.
参考答案
第一部分选择题
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. C
5.B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C 10. D
第二部分非选择题
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. Psycholinguistics
12. diachronic
13. duality
14. oral
15. lateralization
16. Suprasegmental
17. recursive
18. Homonymy
19. protolanguage
20. community
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)
( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.
( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.
( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.
( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.
( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.
( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”
( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.
( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.
( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)
31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.
32. Broad transcription is the transcription with letter symbols only. It is the transcription normally
used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.
33. Allophones are the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments.
34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allow for the possible combination of words
to form phrases and sentences.
35. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( or historical development of language).
37. Standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language
employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.
38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from
general use.
39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language
community.
40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children
who are acquiring their native language.
V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)
41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language
acquisition and give your examples.
1) Mother tongue interference
2) interlingual interference
3) Overgeneralization
42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods
in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.
Major periods: Old English (449-1100)
Middle English (1100-1500)
Modern English (1500-present)
Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of
Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.
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2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a496720.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a496720.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a496720.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a496720.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
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8.靶心率：靶心率，指运动时需要达到的目标心率，是判断有氧运动的重要依据。 9.营养素：营养素是指能在体内消化吸收、供给热能、构成机体组织和调节生理机能、为身体进行正常物质代谢所必需的物质。 10.运动损伤：运动损伤是指运动中发生的各种损伤。其损伤部 位与运动项目以及专项技术特点有关。 二、填空题。 1、一个人只有在躯体健康、心理健康、社会健康和道德健康四 方面都健全，才是完全健康的人。 2、体能可分为两类：与健康有关的体能和与运动有关的体能。 3、身体素质是指人体在运动、劳动和日常活动时，各器官系统 所表现出来的各种能力。这种能力分为力量、速度、耐力、灵敏和 柔韧等。 4、台阶实验是男生用40厘米台阶，女生用高35厘米的台阶做 踏台上、下运动。 5、对负荷强度的掌握一般用心率来控制。通常在练习过程中， 心率控制在110~130i之间比较适宜，大约是锻炼者最大强度的60%。 6、近年来，大量的有关研究表明：最佳减肥的方法就是饮食控 制与体力活动与体育锻炼相结合，因为它比只运用单一方法更能有 效地减肥。 7、由于慢跑简便易行，安全省事，健身效果好，运动量容易控制，跑起来轻松自如，不受年龄。性别。场地、时间等限制，因此 慢跑被称为有氧代谢运动之王，并风靡全球。 8、准备活动的时间根据进行身体活动的项目的特点和负荷大小 来考虑，一般在20分钟左右，冬季约30分钟，夏季约10分钟。 三、判断题。
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