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口译翻译

口译翻译
口译翻译

口译中称谓的翻译

般说来,首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief, general, head, managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,须遵循英语头衔的表达习惯,例如:总工程师chief engineer总经理general manager;managing director总教练head coach总干事secretary-general

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice, associate, assistant, deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:副总统vice president副省长vice governor副市长vice mayor

学术头衔的“副”之称谓往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:副教授associate professor副研究员associate research fellow副主任医师associate senior doctor

以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外,secretary, mayor, dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:副秘书长deputy secretary-general副院长deputy dean

学术头衔系列出了含“正”或“副”表示,而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior 来称呼,例如:高级编辑senior editor高级工程师senior engineer资深翻译senior translator

有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示,例如:首席执行官chief executive officer (CEO)首席法官chief judge首席记者chief correspondent

有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语,例如:代理市长acting mayor 常务理事managing director执行主席executive chairman/chair (或presiding chairman)

名誉校长honorary president

有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”、“特派”、“特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:主任秘书chief secretary主治医师attending/chief doctor;physician;consultant特级教师special-grade senior teacher特派记者accredited correspondent特约编辑contributing editor

口译必备古圣贤语录

学而时习之, 不亦说乎。有朋自远方来, 不亦乐乎。Isn't it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned? Isn't it a lso great when friends visit from distant places?巧言令色, 鲜矣仁。Someone who is a clever speaker and maintains a 'too-smiley' face is seldom considered a humane person.诗三百, 一言以蔽之, 曰:「思无邪」。The 300 verses of the Book of Odes can be summed up in a single phrase: 'Don't think in an evil way’.为政以德。Govern with the power of virtue子曰:「吾十有五而志于学, 三十而立, 四十而不惑, 五十而知天命, 六十而耳顺, 七十而从心所欲, 不踰矩。」Confucius said: "At fifteen my heart was set on learning; at thirty I

stood firm; at forty I had no more doubts; at fifty I knew the mandate of heaven; at sixty my ear was obedient; at seventy I could follow my heart's desire without transgressing the norm."

温故而知新, 可以为师矣。Reviewing what you have learned and learning anew, you are fit to be a teacher.学而优则仕。A good scholar can become an official.学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。To study and not think is a waste. To think and not study is dangerous.知之为知之, 不知为不知, 是知也。What you know, you know, what you don't know, you don't know. This is knowledge.

成事不说, 遂事不谏, 既往不咎。Don't bother explaining that which has already been done; don't bother criticizing that which is already gone; don't bother blaming that which is already past.

子曰:「朝闻道, 夕死可矣」Confucius said: "If I can hear the Tao in the morning, in the evening I can die content."见贤思齐焉; 见不贤而内自省也。When you see a good person, think of becoming like her/him. When you see someone not so good, reflect on your own weak points."

子曰:「德不孤, 必有邻。」Confucius said: "If you are virtuous, you will not be lonely. You will always have friends."子曰:「三人行, 必有我师焉:择其善者而从之, 其不善者而改之。」Confucius said: "When three men are walking together, there is one who can be my teacher. I pick out people's good and follow it. When I see their bad points, I correct them in myself."性相近也, 习相远也。People are similar by nature, but through habituation become quite different from each other."

英语倍数句型及翻译

英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧等,见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:

倍数增加(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)A is n times greater (longer,more,…)than B.(②)A is n times the size (length,amount,…)of B.(③) 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. e.g. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than/three times the length of) that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。(二)increase to n times(④)increase n times/n-fold(⑤)increase by n times(⑥)increase by a factor of n(⑦)以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。e.g. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。e.g. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。e.g. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. 那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。e.g. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:e.g. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) e.g. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or

quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again 而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩)应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。

A is half as much (large,1ong,…)again as B. (= A is one and a half times as much (large,1ong,…)as B.)(11)应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。

倍数减少(一)a is n times as small (light,slow,…)as b.(12)a is n times smaller (lighter,slower,…) than b.(13)以上两句均应译为:a的大小(重量,速度,……)是b的1/n[或a比b小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。e.g. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。e.g. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。注:当相比的对象b很明显时,than/as b常被省去。(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14)decrease by n times(15)decrease by a factor of n(16)以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。decrease常被reduce,shorten,go/slow down等词替代。e.g. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了

1/3(即缩短到2/3)。e.g. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times,the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. 电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 e.g. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 该设备误差概率降低了4/5。(三)there is a n-fold decrease/reduction… 应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17)这个句型还有其它一些形式, e.g. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到1/7。 e.g. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④;句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by)3 times 应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。

数字的译法数字的译法有以下几点注意:

一,口译中经常遇到数字,没有经过训练的人往往会出错,这是因为汉语和英语数字表达的方式不同。汉语是个,十,百,千,万,十万,百万,千万,亿,十亿……,也就是以“十”的倍数来表示;而英语则是在数字超过千以后,以“千”(thousand)的倍数来表达的。如“一万”是“十千”,即ten shousand;“十万”是“百千”,即hundred thousand,直至“百万”,million。百万以上的数字则用“百万”的倍数表达;如“千万”是“十百万”,即ten million;“亿”是“百百万”,即hundred million,直至“十亿”,billion。掌握以上情况后就知道,凡遇到“万”和“十万”时都要变成“十千”,“百千”。当然,如记录时能把上述数字立即写成10,000和100,000,翻译起来就容易了。如记录时写成3万,30万,那就要在口译时迅速地转换成“三十千”,“三百千”后再翻译。因此如何记下数字也是一个问题。上百万的数字最简单的表达方法是把百万以后的数字用point多少来表达,如396万可说成3.96 million;3亿9,650万是396.5 million;以此类推,10亿以上的数字“百亿”是“十十亿”;129亿就是12.9 billion。在用小数点时应注意:小数点以前的数字读法同基数词,即数字之间一般不用连接词,只在hundred和后面

的十位数之间用and,如123,456读作one hundred and twenty-three thousand four hundred and fifty-six。但小数点的数字要一个个分开来读,如3.126读作three point one two six。

二,翻译时常会遇到一些较笼统的数字,如“几个”,“十几个”,“几十个”等等,这类表达法需要熟记:几个some; a few; several; a number of 十几个more than; no more than twenty

几个个dozens of 几十年decades 七十好几了well over seventy 好几百个hundreds of

成千上万thousands of 几十万hundreds of thousands of 亿万hundreds of millions of

三,汉语中有些对序数词提问的问题,译成英语时要改变提问法,如:1.这是你第几次来中国?Is this your first visit to china? 2.你们队得了第几名?Did your team win the championship? 3.这孩子是你的老几啊?Is this your oldest/youngest child/son/daughter?

汉英口译分类词汇

市属机械译名北京市人大常委会Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC北京市人民政府Beijing Municipal People's Government高级人民法院High People's Court人民检察院People's Procuratorate外事办公室Foreign Affairs Office侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs Office财贸办公室Office of Finance and Trade文教办公室Office of Culture and Education计划委员会Planning Committee 经济委员会Economic Committee 城乡建设委员会Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction科学技术委员会Committee of Science and Technology城市规划委员会Committee of Municipal Design对外经贸委员会Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries市政管理委员会Municipal Administration Committee民族委员会Nationalities Committee体育委员会Physical Culture and Sports Committee计划生育委员会Family Planning Committee人事局Personnel Bureau科技干部管理局Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel老干部局Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres统计局Statistical Bureau物价局Bureau of Commodity Price工商行政管理局Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce商品检验局Bureau for Inspection of Commodities审计局Auditing Bureau财政局Finance Bureau税务局Tax Bureau劳动局Labor Bureau档案局Archives Bureau物资管理局Bureau of Materials标准计量局Bureau of Standard Measurement公用局Bureau if Public Utilities广播电视局Bureau of Radio and Television教育委员会Education Committee文化局Bureau of Culture文物事业管理局Bureau of Cultural Relics卫生局Health Bureau乡镇企业管理局Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地质矿产局Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 农业局Agricultural Bureau林业局Forestry Bureau水产局Bureau of Aquatic Products气象局Meteorological Bureau水资源管理局Control Bureau of Water Resources园林局Bureau of Parks and Woods环境保护局Bureau for Environmental Protection 环境卫生管理局Bureau for Environmental Health商业委员会Commerce Committee粮食局Food Bureau房地产管理局Real Estate Bureau城市规划管理局Bureau for Municipal Design机械设备成套局Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment公安局Public Security Bureau安全局Security Bureau司法局Justice Bureau民政局Bureau of Civil Affairs劳改工作管理局Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work旅游局Travel Bureau/Tourism

Administration铁路局Railways Bureau邮政局Post Bureau电信局Telecommunications Bureau北京民航管理局Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation北京海关Beijing Customs外交人员服务局Service Bureau for Foreign Officials首都钢铁公司Capital Iron and Steel Company燕山石化总公司Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企业半导体器械厂

Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant包装材料厂Packaging Materials Plant保温瓶厂Thermos Flask Factory炼钢厂Steel Works被单厂Bed sheet Factory

初级口译考试指导:口译常考考点

香港香港是中国的一部分。自古以来,我们的祖先在这块土地上劳动、生活。历史上从秦代到清朝,中国一直对香港实行管辖,行使主权。19世纪中叶,英国发动两次鸦片战争,迫使腐败无能的清政府签订了不平等条约并于1898年侵占了整个香港地区。香港于1997年7月1日回归祖国,现有人口约630万。Hong Kong is an inalienable part of China. Since ancient times,our ancestors lived and labored on this land. Historically from the Qing Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,China exercised jurisdiction and sovereignty over Hong Kong. In mid-19th century after launching two Opium Wars,Britain forced the corrupt and incompetent Qing govemment to sign the unequal treaties. In 1898,Britain occupied the entire Hong Kong region.On July 1,1997,Hong Kong finally returned to the motherland. It has a population of 6.3 million.◆香港同胞有着光荣的爱国主义传统Hong Kong compatriots have a glorious patriotic tradition.◆一国两制、港人治港及高度自治等基本方针将不会改变The basic policies of one country,two systems,Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong and a high degree of autonomy will remain unchanged.◆香港将继续保持作为国际财经金融中心的地位Hong Kong will continue to retain its status of functioning as an international financial center◆未来的香港,人人都有平等竞争的机会In future Hong Kong,everyone will be given an equal right for competition

澳门自古以来,澳门就是中国的领土。我们的祖先很早就开始在澳门生活。16世纪中期,葡萄牙人行贿中国朝廷官员,获准借澳门暂住。19世纪鸦片战争前,葡萄牙人已完全控制了澳门。1887年清政府被迫签订了不平等的《中葡条约》。1987年,中葡签订了“中葡联合声明”,宣布澳门为中国领土,中国政府将于1999年12月20日对其恢复行使主权。澳门于1999年12月20日回归祖国;现有人口约45万。Macao is historically Chinese territory and the ancestors of the Chinese people started to live in Macao as early as the New Stone Age. During the mid-16th century,the Portuguese bribed Chinese officials and obtained permission to live on the Macao Peninsula temporarily. In the 19th century,the Portuguese took full control over Macao in the wake of the Opium War. In 1887,the Qing Government was forced to sign an unequal treaty and Portuguese stayed in Macao permanently.In 1987,China and Portugal signed the Sino=Portuguese Joint Declaration which declared Macao is Chinese territory and that the Chinese Government would resume the exercise of sovereignty over it from December20,1999. It now has a population of about 450,000. ◆澳门的回归将从此借宿外国在中国土地上统治耻辱的年代Macao's return will end years of humiliating foreign rule over Chinese land.◆澳门社会市中西文化融合,同时也是连结海峡两岸的桥梁Macao society is a blend of Chinese and Western cultures and acts as a bridge linking the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.

台湾◆台湾市中国领土不可分割的一部分。1895年,日本通过侵华战争强迫清政府签订不平等的《马关条约》,霸占了台湾。1945年,中国政府新恢复对台湾行使主权。台湾现有人口约2094万。Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. In 1895,through a war of aggression against China,Japan forced the Qing Government to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki,and forcibly occupied Taiwan. In 1945,the Chinese Government recovered Taiwan,resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan.Taiwan has a population of about 20.94 million.◆一个中国原则是实现和平统一的基础和前提The one-China principle is the basis and prerequisite for achieving peaceful reunification◆在一个中国原则下,什么问题都可以谈Any question can be discussed under one-China principle.◆不能允许台湾问题的解决再无限期地拖下去了The people of the whole of China cannot allow the resolution of the Taiwan issue to be dragged on indefinitely◆台湾新领导人的选举,并不能改变台湾是中国领土的一部分的事实The election of a new leader in Taiwan cannot change the fact that Taiwan is part of Chinese territory◆我们解决台湾问题的原则是“和平统一祖国和一国两制”Our guideline for solving the Taiwan question is “peaceful reunification and the one country,two systems”◆台湾当局必须抛弃“两国”论The Taiwanese authorities must abandon “two states” stateme

英语翻译题目及答案

1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说,孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康,受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临,他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4)每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起,享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下,我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力,他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为,悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反,乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时,把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前,要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望,因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个,但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚,却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you

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