大学英语词汇学教程参考答案

《英语词汇学教程》参考答案(注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的)

Chapter 1

1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet,

they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and

uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses

on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that

the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language,

and for Definition 3 the lexicon.

2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door.

(2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10

o’clock.

(3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting.

3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id];

(2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t];

(3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced

as [d].

4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”．

(2)They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning.

(3)They belong to a lexical field of ‘telephone communication’．

(4)They are synonyms, related to human visual perception.

Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”．

5. (a) ‘blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in

schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black) ;

‘blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be

black i n colour (the primary stress in on black); ‘greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black), ‘White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary

stress in on black). 0

(b) black ‘board: any board whi ch is black in colour (both words

receive primary stress); black ‘bird: any bird which is black in colour

(both words receive primary stress); grey ‘hound: any hound that is

grey in colour (both words receive primary stress); ‘white ‘house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress).

6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters

bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class

words.

7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine anima l.

(b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’ is an idiom, meaning ‘(having

the courage to) deal with someone or something directly.

(c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’ is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.

(d) A ‘bull market’ is one where prices rise fast because there is a lot of buying of shares in anticipation of profits.

8. cup, mug, glass, tumbler, tankard, goblet, bowl, beaker, wineglass, beer glass, sherry glass

They can be organized in a number of ways, for example, by the drinks the vessel is used for.

Non-alcoholic: glass, tumbler, cup, mug, beaker, bowl

Beer: beer glass, tankard

Wine: wineglass, goblet

Spirits: sherry glass

Chapter 2

1. Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants,

for example, sing as against sang, sung.

Morpheme is the ultimate grammatical constituent, the smallest meaningful unit of language. For example, moralizers is an English word composed of four morphemes: moral+lize+er+s.

Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph, such as cat, chair, -ing, -s, etc.

Allomorphs are the alternate phonetic forms of the same morpheme,

for example, [t], [d] and [id] are allomorphs of the past tense morpheme

in English.

2. quick-ly, down-stair-s, four-th, poison-ous, weak-en,

world-wide, inter-nation-al-ly, in-ject, pro-trude

3. island, surname, disclose, duckling, cranberry,

reading, poets, flavourfulness, famous, subvert

4.(a)[ ?]

(b)[ -ai]

5. (1) –‘s, -s

(2) -est, -s

(3) –ing

(4) –ed

6. The connotations are as follows:

(1) slang, carrying the connotation of reluctance, (2)informal,

carrying the connotation that the speaker is speaking to a child, (3)

beastie is used to a small animal in Scotland, carrying the connotation

of disgust, (4) carrying the connotation of formalness, (5) carrying the

connotation of light-heartedness.

7. { -?m; ～- n; ～- n; ～-i: ～-s; ～-z; ～-iz}

8. court: polysemy dart: polysemy

fleet: homonymy jam: homonymy

pad: homonymy steep: homonymy

stem: homonymy stuff: polysemy

watch: polysemy

9. (1)—(f), (2)—(g), (3)—(c), (4)—(e), (5)—

(a), (6)—(d), (7)—(b)

10.(1) unpractical

(2) break

(3) impractical

(4) rout

(5) pedals

(6) Route

(7) raze

Chapter 3

1. The history of English can be divided into four periods: the Old, Middle, Early middle and Modern English periods.

In Old English period, there is a frequent use of coinages known as

‘kennings’, which refers to vivid figurative descriptions often

involving compounds. The absence of a wide-ranging vocabulary of loanwords force people to rely more on word-formation processes based on native elements. The latter period of Old English was characterized by

the introduction of a number of ‘loan translations’. Grammatical relationships in Old English were expressed by the use of inflectional endings. And Old English is believed to contain about 24,000 different

lexical items.

In Middle English period, English grammar and vocabulary changed greatly. In grammar, English changed from a highly inflected language to

an analytic language. In vocabulary English was characterized by the

loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin.

In Early Modern English period, English vocabulary grew very fast through extensive borrowing and expansion of word-formation patterns.

And there was a great many semantic changes, as old words acquire new meanings.

Modern English is characterized with three main features of unprecedented growth of scientific vocabulary, the assertion of American English as a dominant variety of the language, and the emergence of

other varieties known as ‘New Englishes’．

2. appeareth in (a) becomes appeared in (b), and dreame becomes dream. The passive were departed becomes the active had gone. With the change of word forms, (b) looks simple morphologically.

3. barf: American slang kerchief: French mutton: French

cadaver: Latin goober: Kongo leviathan: Latin

ginseng: Chinese taffy: North American kimono: Japanese

whisky: Irish caddy: Malay sphere: Latin

algebra: Arabic giraffe: African

4. train: meaning changed from the trailing part of a gown to a

wide range of extended meanings.

deer: meaning narrowed from ‘beast’ or ‘animal’ to ‘a particular kind of animal’

knight: meaning ameliorated from ‘boy, manservant’ to ‘a man in the UK who has been given an honor of kn ighthood’

meat: meaning narrowed down from ‘food’ to ‘the edible flesh of animals and the edible part of fruit’.

hose: meaning extended from ‘leg covering’ to ‘a long tube for carrying water’.

5. sell: specialized hound: specialized

starve: specialized wife: specialized

loaf: specialized

6.

American English British English

Fall Autumn

candy sweet

corn Maize

semester term

apartment flat

Dresser Dressing table

Street car Tram car

Chapter 4

1. read+-i+-ness dis-+courage+-

ing kind+heart+-ed

un-+doubt+-ed+-ly stock+room+-s pre-+pack+-age+-ed

2. book: books(n.); books(v.), booking, booked

forget: forgets, forgot, forgotten

short: shortter, shortest

snap: snaps, snapping, snapped

take: takes, taking, took, taken

goose: geese

heavy: heavier, heaviest

3. –ish: meaning ‘having the nature of , like’de-: meaning ‘the opposite of’

-ify: meaning ‘make, become’

-dom: means ‘the state of ’

il-(im-/in-): meaning ‘the opposite of, not’

-able: meaning ‘that can or must be’

mis-: meaning ‘wrongly or badly’

-sion(-tion):meaning ‘the state/process of’　pre-: meaning ‘prior to’

-ment: meaning ‘the action of’

re-: meaning ‘again’

under-: meaning ‘not enough’

-al: m eaning ‘the process or state of’

4. a. They are endocentric compounds. They have the “Adj + N”　structure, in which adjectives are used to modify nouns ‘line, line,

neck, room’. Hotline means ‘a telephone number that people can call

for information’. Mainline means ‘an important railway line between

two cities’. Redneck means ‘a person from the southern US’. Darkroom means ‘a room with very little in it, used for developing photographs’.

b. They are endocentric compounds. They have the “N + N’　structure. Bookshelf means ‘a shelf for keeping books’. Breadbasket means ‘a container for serving bread’. Mailbox means ‘a box for

putting letters in when they delivered to a house’. Wineglass means ‘a glass for drinking wine’.

大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

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大学英语阅读教程2答案

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英语词汇学教程参考题答案(杨信彰)

《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.

大学英语综合教程答案

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大学英语阅读教程1答案

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4. lifted/back pocket 5. a front window/hand her over 6. wrong/bolts 7. has stolen Unit 4 part one Escape Artists Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.publishing/overseen 2.procrastinator/affected https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5d11777201.html,ziness/desire/consistently/delay 4.funishes/reinforcing/subscribe 5.mismatch/sophisticated 6.solution/deploying/management Unit 5 part one For Big Bruno, a Man We Can Look Up to Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.hard work/pay off 2.Big Bruno/strong in stature/a gentle spirit 3.most patient/slow to get angry/a heart of gold

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大学英语综合教程答案

Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

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